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Caenagnathidae
Taxonomy
Caenagnathidae was named by Sternberg (1940). Its type is Caenagnathus. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).
It was synonymized subjectively with Ornithomimidae by Brodkorb (1978).
It was assigned to Coelurosauria by Romer (1966); to Caenagnathiformes by Sternberg (1940), Kuhn (1966) and Cracraft (1971); to Theropoda by Thulborn (1984); to Maniraptora by Gauthier (1986); to Protoavia by Paul (1988); to Coelurosauria by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Coelurosauria by Novas (1992), Dong (1992), Sereno et al. (1994) and Currie (1995); to Oviraptoroidea by Maryanska et al. (2002); to Caenagnathoidea by Osmólska et al. (2004), Longrich et al. (2013), Lamanna et al. (2014), Lü et al. (2015), Yao et al. (2015), Tsuihiji et al. (2017) and Funston et al. (2018); and to Oviraptorosauria by Barsbold (1981), Barsbold (1983), Russell (1984), Currie and Russell (1988), Osmolska (1990), Currie (1992), Currie et al. (1994), Sues (1994), Sues (1997), Sereno (1997), Barsbold (1997), Sereno (1998), Makovicky and Sues (1998), Holtz (2000), Currie (2000), Varricchio (2001), Rauhut (2003), Lü et al. (2005), Lü and Zhang (2005), Longrich et al. (2010), Sues and Averianov (2015), Tsuihiji et al. (2015), Pu et al. (2017), Yu et al. (2018), Funston et al. (2020) and Funston (2020).
It was synonymized subjectively with Ornithomimidae by Brodkorb (1978).
It was assigned to Coelurosauria by Romer (1966); to Caenagnathiformes by Sternberg (1940), Kuhn (1966) and Cracraft (1971); to Theropoda by Thulborn (1984); to Maniraptora by Gauthier (1986); to Protoavia by Paul (1988); to Coelurosauria by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Coelurosauria by Novas (1992), Dong (1992), Sereno et al. (1994) and Currie (1995); to Oviraptoroidea by Maryanska et al. (2002); to Caenagnathoidea by Osmólska et al. (2004), Longrich et al. (2013), Lamanna et al. (2014), Lü et al. (2015), Yao et al. (2015), Tsuihiji et al. (2017) and Funston et al. (2018); and to Oviraptorosauria by Barsbold (1981), Barsbold (1983), Russell (1984), Currie and Russell (1988), Osmolska (1990), Currie (1992), Currie et al. (1994), Sues (1994), Sues (1997), Sereno (1997), Barsbold (1997), Sereno (1998), Makovicky and Sues (1998), Holtz (2000), Currie (2000), Varricchio (2001), Rauhut (2003), Lü et al. (2005), Lü and Zhang (2005), Longrich et al. (2010), Sues and Averianov (2015), Tsuihiji et al. (2015), Pu et al. (2017), Yu et al. (2018), Funston et al. (2020) and Funston (2020).
Synonyms
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1940 | Caenagnathidae Sternberg p. 81 |
1966 | Caenagnathidae Kuhn p. 107 |
1966 | Caenagnathidae Romer p. 369 |
1971 | Caenagnathidae Cracraft p. 806 |
1981 | Caenagnathidae Barsbold |
1981 | Elmisauridae Osmolska p. 80 |
1983 | Elmisauridae Barsbold p. 86 |
1983 | Caenagnathidae Barsbold p. 93 |
1984 | Caenagnathidae Russell p. 28 |
1984 | Caenagnathidae Thulborn p. 132 |
1986 | Caenagnathidae Gauthier p. 55 fig. 9 |
1986 | Elmisauridae Gauthier p. 55 fig. 9 |
1988 | Elmisauridae Carroll |
1988 | Caenagnathidae Currie and Russell |
1988 | Caenagnathidae Paul p. 372 |
1989 | Elmisauridae Currie |
1989 | Caenagnathidae Gauthier et al. p. 348 |
1990 | Elmisauridae Benton p. 19 |
1990 | Caenagnathidae Osmolska p. 149 |
1990 | Elmisauridae Osmolska p. 149 |
1992 | Caenagnathidae Currie p. 239 |
1992 | Elmisauridae Currie p. 239 |
1992 | Caenagnathidae Dong p. 164 |
1992 | Caenagnathidae Novas p. 147 |
1994 | Caenagnathidae Currie et al. |
1994 | Elmisauridae Holtz |
1994 | Caenagnathidae Sereno et al. p. 270 |
1994 | Caenagnathidae Sues p. 48A |
1995 | Caenagnathidae Currie p. 25A |
1997 | Caenagnathidae Barsbold p. 505 |
1997 | Elmisauridae Currie p. 733 |
1997 | Caenagnathidae Sereno p. 457 |
1997 | Caenagnathidae Sues p. 699 |
1998 | Caenagnathidae Makovicky and Sues p. 16 fig. 15 |
1998 | Caenagnathidae Sereno p. 65 |
2000 | Caenagnathidae Currie p. 437 |
2000 | Caenagnathidae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5 |
2001 | Caenagnathidae Varricchio p. 46 |
2001 | Elmisauridae Varricchio p. 48 |
2002 | Caenagnathidae Maryanska et al. p. 104 fig. 1 |
2003 | Caenagnathidae Rauhut p. 41 |
2004 | Caenagnathidae Osmólska et al. p. 166 |
2005 | Caenagnathidae Lü et al. p. 257 |
2005 | Caenagnathidae Lü and Zhang p. 417 |
2010 | Caenagnathidae Longrich et al. p. 953 fig. 7 |
2011 | Ojoraptorsaurus Jasinski et al. p. 228 |
2011 | Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Jasinski et al. p. 228 |
2011 | Ojoraptorsaurus Sullivan et al. p. 418 |
2011 | Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Sullivan et al. p. 418–419 figs. 1-5A |
2013 | Caenagnathidae Longrich et al. p. 41 fig. 14 |
2014 | Caenagnathidae Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6 |
2014 | Ojoraptorsaurus Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6 |
2014 | Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6 |
2015 | Ojoraptorsaurus Jasinski p. 79 |
2015 | Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Jasinski p. 79 |
2015 | Caenagnathidae Lü et al. |
2015 | Ojoraptorsaurus Lü et al. |
2015 | Caenagnathidae Sues and Averianov |
2015 | Caenagnathidae Tsuihiji et al. p. 60 |
2015 | Caenagnathidae Yao et al. p. 297 |
2016 | Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Funston and Currie p. 13 |
2017 | Caenagnathidae Pu et al. |
2017 | Caenagnathidae Tsuihiji et al. p. 9 |
2018 | Caenagnathidae Funston et al. p. 107 |
2018 | Caenagnathidae Yu et al. |
2020 | Caenagnathidae Funston p. 136 fig. 20 |
2020 | Caenagnathidae Funston et al. p. 9 fig. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Caenagnathidae Sternberg 1940
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Subfm. †Caenagnathinae Paul 1988
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G. †Anzu Lamanna et al. 2014 [chicken from hell]
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†Anzu wyliei Lamanna et al. 2014 [chicken from hell]
G. †Chirostenotes Gilmore 1924
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†Chirostenotes pergracilis Gilmore 1924
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Invalid names: Caenagnathus sternbergi Cracraft 1971 [synonym], Macrophalangia canadensis Sternberg 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Macrophalangia Sternberg 1932 [synonym]
G. †Leptorhynchos Longrich et al. 2013
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†Leptorhynchos elegans Parks 1933
†Leptorhynchos gaddisi Longrich et al. 2013
Invalid names: Elmisauridae Osmolska 1981 [synonym], Elmisaurinae Currie 2000 [empty], Ojoraptorsaurus Sullivan et al. 2011 [nomen dubium], Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Sullivan et al. 2011 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
H. Osmolska 1981 (Elmisauridae) | Lightly built, medium sized theropods with very thin-walled limb bones. Manus slender, anisotridactyl with long digits; second digit the longest and strongest, with phalanges 1 and 2 equally long; the third digit distinctly thinner than others, unguals laterally compressed and curved, with a dorsoposterior "lip." Pes long and slender, functionally tridactyl and with abbreviated first digit; metatarsal III edged between adjoining metatarsals but anteriorly visible for most of its length; third digit the longest, second and fourth digits subequal in length, unguals recurved. | |
R. Barsbold 1981 | Moderately large oviraptorosaurs, the lower jaw of which is elongated and concave in the occlusal part, low adductoral projection, elongated symphysis and narrowed lateral opening. | |
H.-D. Sues 1997 | Antorbital fossa on maxilla with pronounced rim. Medial wall of antorbital fossa extensive and without accessory antorbital fenestra. Mandible with long, low, and undivided external mandibular fenestra. Braincase much deeper than long, with distinctly verticalized basicranial region. Otic region with deep but anteroposteriorly narrow lateral depression. Manual digit III longer than digit I and with very slender phalanges. Synsacrum composed of six co-ossified vertebrae with pneumatic foramina. Proximal end of metatarsal III distinctly constricted and pinched between metatarsals II and IV. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder, o = order | |||||
References: Marsh 1875, Averianov and Yarkov 2004, Peczkis 1995 |
Age range: base of the Middle Albian to the top of the Lancian or 109.00000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (99 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Aptian - Albian | USA (Wyoming) | Microvenator celer (137566) | |
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Wyoming) | Microvenator celer (50498) | |
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Montana) | Microvenator celer (47346) Microvenator sp. (55246) | |
Cenomanian - Turonian | China (Henan) | Beibeilong sinensis (194657) | |
Cenomanian - Santonian | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Caenagnathidae indet. (127664) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Caenagnathidae indet. (228454) | |
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Caenagnathasia martinsoni (46959 58159 58166 58168 58173 170147) | |
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda) | Caenagnathidae indet. (53136) | |
Campanian | USA (Montana) | Caenagnathus sternbergi (59373) | |
Campanian | China (Shandong) | Anomalipes zhaoi (91473) | |
Judithian | USA (Wyoming) | Caenagnathidae indet. (14458) | |
Judithian | USA (Texas) | Leptorhynchos gaddisi (14489) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Coahuila) | Caenagnathidae indet. (68039 231026) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Caenagnathidae indet. (233506) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Aves indet. (46952) Caenagnathus collinsi (165179 232142) Caenagnathus collinsi, Caenagnathus sternbergi (46953) Caenagnathus sp. (46358 46958 58912) Caenagnathus sp., Chirostenotes pergracilis, Leptorhynchos elegans, Citipes elegans, Caenagnathus sternbergi (22656) Caenagnathus sternbergi (46954 46956 232141) Chirostenotes pergracilis (45683 64319) Chirostenotes sp., Caenagnathidae indet. (227125) Dromaeosaurus sp. (59116) Elmisaurus elegans (64149) Leptorhynchos elegans (232131 232132 232133 232134 232135 232136 232138 232139 232140) Macrophalangia canadensis (45755) Ornithomimidae indet. (138968) Ornithomimus elegans (64318) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Texas) | Caenagnathidae indet. (232413) Chirostenotes sp., Leptorhynchos gaddisi (143522) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Utah) | Caenagnathidae indet. (58520) | |
Middle Campanian | USA (Montana) | Chirostenotes sp. A, Chirostenotes sp. B (14437) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Texas) | Caenagnathidae indet. (115413) Chirostenotes sp. (22709 212186) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | China (Nei Mongol) | Caenagnathasia sp. (175225) Gigantoraptor erlianensis (64017) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Eoneophron infernalis (233264) | |
Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Coeluroidea indet. (180698) Elmisaurus rarus, Nomingia gobiensis, Nomingia mongoliensis (55257) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Caenagnathidae indet. (13334) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Apatoraptor pennatus (180856) | |
Lancian | USA (Montana) | Chirostenotes sp. (14507 14515 14533 14534 14535 14536 14548 14560 14562 14574 14582 14639) | |
Lancian | USA (South Dakota) | Anzu wyliei, Caenagnathidae indet. (48235) Chirostenotes sp. (14537 192251) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Caenagnathidae indet. (168404) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Caenagnathidae indet. (162946) Leptorhynchos sp. (232129 232130) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Anzu wyliei (224484) Caenagnathidae indet. (45388 45389 45390 157189) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Anzu wyliei (154928) Caenagnathidae indet. (45099 45102 45112 45118 45145 45381) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Mexico) | Caenagnathidae indet. (171027) Ojoraptorsaurus boerei (138836) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Anzu sp. (189003) Anzu wyliei (152397) Elmisaurus elegans (59374) |