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Lingulata

Lingulata

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1985Lingulata Gorjansky and Popov
1993Lingulata Holmer
2000Lingulata Popov
2000Lingulata Williams et al. p. 30
2001Lingulata Carlson p. 1111
2002Lingulata Sepkoski
2003Lingulata Emig
2006Lingulata Emig and Herrera p. 231
2008Lingulata Peng and Shi p. 156
2009Lingulata Holmer and Bengtson p. 257
2011Lingulata Hansen and Holmer
2013Lingulata Emig et al. p. 76
2017Lingulata Skovsted et al.
2023Lingulata Pérez et al. p. 206

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumLinguliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classLingulataGorjansky and Popov 1985
classLingulataGorjansky and Popov 1985

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Lingulata Gorjansky and Popov 1985
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Or. †Acrotretida Kuhn 1949
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Superfm. †Acrotretoidea Schuchert 1893
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G. †Acrothyra Mathew 1901
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†Acrothyra bonnia Skovsted et al. 2017
†Acrothyra minor Walcott 1905
†Acrothyra proavia Matthew 1899
†Acrothyra sera Mathew 1902
Fm. †Acrotretidae Schuchert 1893
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G. †Acrotreta Kutorga 1848
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†Acrotreta argenta Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta attenuata Meek 1873
†Acrotreta baileyi Matthew 1886
†Acrotreta bellatula Walcott 1908
†Acrotreta bisecta Matthew 1901
†Acrotreta calabozoi Lavié 2018
†Acrotreta cancellata Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta claytoni Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta concentrica Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta conula Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta convexa Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta declivis Willard 1928
†Acrotreta definita Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta emmonsi Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta gemma Billings 1865
†Acrotreta gracia Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta idahoensis Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta inflata Mathew 1886
†Acrotreta kutorgai Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta levata Resser 1939
†Acrotreta liani Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta marjumensis Walcott 1908
†Acrotreta miser Billings 1872
†Acrotreta neboensis Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta nitens Resser 1938
†Acrotreta nox Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta ovalis Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta pacifica Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta parvula Wallerius 1895
†Acrotreta pyxidicula White 1874
†Acrotreta rudis Walcott 1908
†Acrotreta sagittalis Salter 1865
†Acrotreta schmalensei Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta schucherti Lochman 1938
†Acrotreta seebachi Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta shantungensis Walcott 1905
†Acrotreta signalis Walcott 1902
†Acrotreta subconica Kutorga 1848
†Acrotreta subsidua White 1874
†Acrotreta ulrichi Walcott 1908
†Acrotreta uplandensis Wiman 1903
Subfm. †Acrotretinae Schuchert 1893
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G. †Talasotreta Holmer et al. 1996
G. †Amictocracens Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
G. †Anabolotreta Rowell and Henderson 1978
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†Anabolotreta diversa Koneva 1986
†Anabolotreta lepida Koneva 1986
G. †Anelotreta Pelman 1986
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†Anelotreta magna Pelman 1986
G. †Angulotreta Palmer 1954
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†Angulotreta postapicalis Palmer 1954
†Angulotreta triangularis Palmer 1954
G. †Aphelotreta Rowell 1980
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†Aphelotreta minuta Rowell 1980
G. †Apsotreta Palmer 1954
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†Apsotreta expansa Palmer 1954
†Apsotreta orifera Palmer 1954
G. †Araktina Koneva 1992
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†Araktina intermedia Koneva 1992
G. †Brachaktassia Li et al. 2012
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Invalid names: Aktassia Popov 1976 [replaced]
G. †Canthylotreta Rowell 1966
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†Canthylotreta atasuica Holmer et al. 2001
G. †Conotreta Walcott 1889
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†Conotreta andina Lavié et al. 2019
†Conotreta apicalis Cooper 1956
†Conotreta chernovi Popov 2000
†Conotreta conoidea Reed 1917
†Conotreta convexa Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Conotreta cuspidata Cooper 1956
†Conotreta davidsoni Reed 1917
†Conotreta lepton Williams and Curry 1985
†Conotreta mica Gorjansky 1969
†Conotreta millardensis Popov et al. 2002
†Conotreta orbicularis Holmer 1986
†Conotreta plana Cooper 1956
†Conotreta rusti Walcott 1889
†Conotreta siljanensis Holmer 1989
G. †Cyrtonotreta Holmer 1989
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†Cyrtonotreta depressa Cooper 1956
†Cyrtonotreta profilbekkiensis Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Cyrtonotreta spinosa Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Cyrtonotreta striata Holmer 1989
†Cyrtonotreta vasculata Benedetto 2015
G. †Dactylotreta Rowell and Henderson 1978
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†Dactylotreta septata Holmer et al. 2001
G. †Dicondylotreta Me 1993
G. †Ditreta Biernat 1973
G. †Eohadrotreta Li and Holmer 2004
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†Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis Li and Holmer 2004
†Eohadrotreta zhujiahensis Li and Holmer 2004
G. †Eurytreta Rowell 1966
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†Eurytreta campaniformis Krause and Rowell 1975
†Eurytreta curvata Walcott 1902
†Eurytreta discors Popov 1988
†Eurytreta fillmorensis Holmer et al. 2005
†Eurytreta minor Biernat 1973
†Eurytreta sublata Popov 1988
†Eurytreta subtriangularis Hansen and Holmer 2011
G. †Fascicoma Popov 1980
G. †Genetreta Wotte and Mergl 2007
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†Genetreta trilix Wotte and Mergl 2007
G. †Hisingerella Henningsmoen 1948
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†Hisingerella devota Krause and Rowell 1975
†Hisingerella hetera Percival 1978
†Hisingerella maniformis Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Hisingerella nana Hadding 1913
†Hisingerella nitens Hisinger 1837
†Hisingerella tenuis Holmer 1986
†Hisingerella unguicula Holmer 1989
G. †Homotreta Bell 1941
G. †Iberotreta Wotte and Mergl 2007
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†Iberotreta sampelayoi Wotte and Mergl 2007
G. †Kostjubella Popov et al. 1996
G. †Kotylotreta Koneva 1990
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†Kotylotreta undata Koneva 1990
G. †Kuangshanotreta Zhang et al. 2012
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†Kuangshanotreta malungensis Wang et al. 2012
G. †Lensotreta Streng and Holmer 2006
G. †Linnarssonella Walcott 1902
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†Linnarssonella girtyi Walcott 1902
†Linnarssonella minuta Hall and Whitfield 1877
†Linnarssonella nitens Walcott 1908
†Linnarssonella transversa Walcott 1908
†Linnarssonella tubicula Robson et al. 2003
†Linnarssonella urania Walcott 1908
G. †Linnarssonia Walcott 1885
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†Linnarssonia captiosa Koneva 1990
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Invalid names: Linnarssonia ventosa Koneva 1990 [synonym]
†Linnarssonia constans Koneva 1983
†Linnarssonia ophirensis Walcott 1902
†Linnarssonia taconica Walcott 1885
Invalid names: Pegmatreta [synonym]
G. †Longipegma Popov and Holmer 1994
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†Longipegma gorjanskii Popov and Holmer 1994
†Longipegma memorabilis Ushatinskaya 1994
Invalid names: Kotujotreta Ushatinskaya 1994 [synonym]
G. †Neotreta Sobolev 1976
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†Neotreta davidi Popov et al. 1994
†Neotreta orbiculata Koneva 1990
†Neotreta pusilla Koneva 1986
G. †Olentotreta Koneva et al. 1990
G. †Opisthotreta Palmer 1954
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†Opisthotreta depressa Palmer 1954
G. †Ottenbyella Popov and Holmer 1994
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†Ottenbyella evanda Popov 1988
†Ottenbyella shidertensis Popov and Holmer 1994
G. †Physotreta Rowell 1966
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†Physotreta rugosa Popov 1980
†Physotreta spinosa Walcott 1905
G. †Picnotreta Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
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†Picnotreta debilis Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
†Picnotreta karakichiensis Holmer et al. 2001
†Picnotreta robusta Holmer et al. 1999
G. †Prototreta Bell 1941
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†Prototreta gribovensis Popov 1985
†Prototreta millsi Brock and Percival 2006
†Prototreta venusta Koneva 1990
G. †Quadrisonia Rowell and Henderson 1978
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†Quadrisonia declivis Koneva and Popov 1988
†Quadrisonia lavadamensis Popov et al. 2002
†Quadrisonia minor Rowell and Henderson 1978
†Quadrisonia suspensa Koneva and Popov 1988
G. †Rhondellina Rowell 1986
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†Rhondellina albertensis Robson et al. 2003
†Rhondellina karatauensis Koneva 1992
G. †Satpakella Koneva et al. 1990
G. †Semitreta Biernat 1973
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†Semitreta acrobela Krause and Rowell 1975
†Semitreta basisslettaensis Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Semitreta major Biernat 1973
†Semitreta pustulosa Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Semitreta spitsbergensis Hansen and Holmer 2011
Invalid names: Hansotreta Krause and Rowell 1975 [synonym]
G. †Spondylotreta Cooper 1956
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†Spondylotreta maior Bednarczyk and Biernat 1978
†Spondylotreta orsaensis Holmer 1989
†Spondylotreta parva Wright 1963
G. †Stilpnotreta Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
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†Stilpnotreta magna Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
†Stilpnotreta minuta Holmer et al. 2001
†Stilpnotreta tecta Koneva 1990
G. †Tapuritreta Popov et al. 2009
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†Tapuritreta reclinata Streng et al. 2011
G. †Treptotreta Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
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†Treptotreta jucunda Henderson and MacKinnon 1981
†Treptotreta socialis Seebach 1865
G. †Vandalotreta Mergl 1988
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Invalid names: Luhotreta Mergl and Slehoferova 1990 [synonym]
Invalid names: Biernatinae Holmer 1989 [empty], Linnarssoniinae Rowell 1965 [empty], Scaphelasmatinae Rowell 1965 [empty], Torynelasmatinae Rowell 1965 [empty]
Fm. †Ceratretidae Rowell 1965
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G. †Almohadella Streng 1999
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†Almohadella braunae Streng 1999
G. †Bozshakolia Ushatinskaya et al. 1986
G. †Ceratreta Bell 1941
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†Ceratreta tanneri Metzger 1922
Subfm. †Ephippelasmatinae Rowell 1965
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G. †Lurigitcoma Popov 1980
G. †Keyserlingia Pander 1861
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†Keyserlingia buchii deVerneuil 1845
†Keyserlingia reversa deVerneuil 1845
Invalid names: Clistotrema Rowell 1963 [synonym]
G. †Kleithriatreta Roberts and Jell 1990
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†Kleithriatreta kostekensis Holmer et al. 2001
G. †Craniotreta Termier and Monod 1978
Fm. †Curticiidae Walcott and Schuchert 1908
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G. †Curticia Walcott 1905
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†Curticia elegantula Walcott 1905
Fm. †Eoconulidae Rowell 1965
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G. †Eoconulus Cooper 1956
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†Eoconulus antelopensis Krause and Rowell 1975
†Eoconulus clivosus Popov 1975
†Eoconulus cryptomus Gorjansky 1969
†Eoconulus cryptomyus Gorjansky 1969
†Eoconulus dymiensis Bednarczyk and Biernat 1978
†Eoconulus dyminensis Bednarczyk and Biernat 1978
†Eoconulus rectangulatus Cooper 1956
†Eoconulus robustus Holmer 1989
†Eoconulus semiregularis Biernat 1973
†Eoconulus subquadratus Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Eoconulus transversus Wright 1963
G. †Otariconulus Holmer and Popov 2000
G. †Undiferina Cooper 1956
Fm. †Ephippelasmatidae Rowell 1965
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G. †Aipyotreta Sutton et al. 2000
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†Aipyotreta conferta Ghobadi Pour et al. 2007
G. †Akmolina Popov and Holmer 1994
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†Akmolina olentensis Popov and Holmer 1994
†Akmolina tubulus Percival et al. 2014
G. †Ephippelasma Cooper 1956
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†Ephippelasma minutum Cooper 1956
G. †Ghavidelia Ghobadi Pour et al. 2007
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†Ghavidelia damghanensis Ghobadi Pour et al. 2007
G. †Lurgiticoma Popov 1980
G. †Mamatia Popov and Holmer 1994
G. †Myotreta Goryansky 1969
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†Myotreta crassa Goryansky 1969
†Myotreta dalecarlica Holmer 1989
†Myotreta estoniana Biernat 1973
†Myotreta goryansky Bednarczyk 1986
†Myotreta orensis Holmer 1989
G. †Numericoma Popov 1980
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†Numericoma ornata Popov 1980
†Numericoma perplexa Holmer 1989
†Numericoma proclina Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Numericoma simplex Holmer 1989
†Numericoma spinosa Biernat 1973
G. †Pomeraniotreta Bednarczyk 1986
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†Pomeraniotreta biernati Bednarczyk 1986
†Pomeraniotreta biernati Bednarczyk 1986
†Pomeraniotreta obtusa Holmer et al. 2001
Invalid names: Anatreta [synonym]
G. †Rhinotreta Holmer 1986
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†Rhinotreta davidi Holmer 1989
†Rhinotreta laeta Popov et al. 1982
†Rhinotreta muscularis Holmer 1986
G. †Veliseptum Popov 1976
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†Veliseptum fragile Popov 1976
†Veliseptum strictum Holmer 1986
G. †Hadrotreta Rowell 1966
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†Hadrotreta primaea Walcott 1902
†Hadrotreta taconica Walcott 1887
†Vandalotreta djagoran Walcott 1902
Fm. †Scaphelasmatidae Rowell 1965
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G. †Artiotreta Ireland 1961
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†Artiotreta longisepta Valentine et al. 2003
†Artiotreta parva Ireland 1961
G. †Eoscaphelasma Koneva et al. 1990
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†Eoscaphelasma delicata Holmer et al. 2001
†Eoscaphelasma satpakensis Koneva et al. 1990
G. †Rhysotreta Cooper 1956
G. †Scaphelasma Cooper 1956
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†Scaphelasma afflata Zhang 1995
†Scaphelasma anomalatum Krause and Rowell 1975
†Scaphelasma bukowkense Bednarczyk and Biernat 1978
†Scaphelasma lamellosum Krause and Rowell 1975
†Scaphelasma mica Popov 1975
†Scaphelasma pussillum Popov 1980
†Scaphelasma scutula Popov et al. 1994
†Scaphelasma septatum Cooper 1956
†Scaphelasma subquadratum Biernat 1973
†Scaphelasma tumidatum Krause and Rowell 1975
G. †Tobejalotreta Popov et al. 1990
G. †Schizotretoides Termier and Monod 1978
Fm. †Torynelasmatidae Rowell 1965
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G. †Acrotretella Ireland 1961
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†Acrotretella dizeugosa Valentine et al. 2006
†Acrotretella siluriana Ireland 1961
G. †Cristicoma Popov 1980
G. †Issedonia Popov 1980
G. †Mylloconotreta Williams and Curry 1985
G. †Naimania Popov 2000
G. †Paratreta Biernat 1973
G. †Polylasma Popov 1980
G. †Torynelasma Cooper 1956
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†Torynelasma papillosum Krause and Rowell 1975
†Torynelasma suecicum Holmer 1989
†Torynelasma toryniferum Cooper 1956
†Torynelasma zhetysuicum Nikitina et al. 2006
Invalid names: Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 [replaced]
Fm. †Biernatidae Holmer 1989
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G. †Biernatia Holmer 1989
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†Biernatia acuta Troedsson 1918
†Biernatia curvata Holmer 1986
†Biernatia forte Popov 1975
†Biernatia holmi Holmer 1989
†Biernatia magnum Goryansky 1969
†Biernatia minor Cooper 1956
†Biernatia minor rossicum Goryansky 1969
†Biernatia plana Holmer 1986
†Biernatia rarum Biernat 1973
†Biernatia rhapsody Lavié et al. 2019
G. †Opsiconidion Ludvigsen 1974
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†Opsiconidion decessus Mergl 2001
†Opsiconidion nanus Mergl 2019
†Opsiconidion praecursor Popov et al. 1994
Invalid names: Caenotreta [synonym]
G. †Eleutherocrania von Huene 1899
G. †Ferralstreta Gonzalez-Gomez 2005
G. †Maruia Percival et al. 2014
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†Maruia castellum Percival et al. 2014
G. †Orbiculopora Batrukova 1969
G. †Pseudometoptoma Huene 1899
Invalid names: Acrotretidina Kuhn 1949 [empty], Neotremata Beecher 1891 [replaced]
Or. †Discinida Kuhn 1949
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Superfm. †Discinacea Gray 1840
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Fm. †Disciniidae Gray 1840
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G. †Discina Lamarck
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†Discina capuliforma McChesney 1859
†Discina connata Walcott 1884
†Discina donetzensis Yakovlev 1912
†Discina lodensis Hall 1843
†Discina mamillata Guembel 1861
†Discina minuta Hall 1843
†Discina newberryi Hall 1863
†Discina nitida Phillips 1836
†Discina orbicularis Moore 1861
†Discina spitzbergensis Lundgren 1887
Discina striata Schumacher 1817
G. Discinisca Gray 1840
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†Discinisca circularis Gabb 1864
†Discinisca conviva Gerassimov 1955
†Discinisca cumingii Broderip 1833
†Discinisca fallens Wood 1874
†Discinisca holdeni Tate 1867
†Discinisca infraoolithica Rolliere 1829
†Discinisca jenkinsi Hertlein and Grant IV 1944
†Discinisca kamikatetuensis Yabe and Hatai 1935
Discinisca laevis Sowerby 1822
Discinisca lamellosa Broderip 1834
†Discinisca loeli Hertlein and Grant IV 1944
†Discinisca lugubris Conrad 1834
†Discinisca messii Pérez et al. 2023
†Discinisca perrini Hertlein and Grant IV 1944
†Discinisca porvenir Pérez et al. 2023
†Discinisca scutellum Dreger 1889
†Discinisca steiningeri Radwanska and Radwanski 1989
Discinisca strigata Broderip 1834
†Discinisca yaroslavensis Gerassimov 1955
G. †Discinolepis Waagen 1885
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†Discinolepis granulata Waagen 1885
G. †Kosoidea Havlicek and Mergl 1988
G. †Lindstroemella Hall and Clarke 1892
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†Lindstroemella gangcaensis Xu and Liu 1983
†Lindstroemella patula Girty 1911
G. †Lingulodiscina Whitfield 1890
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†Lingulodiscina sibirica Zavodowsky 1968
G. †Lochkothele Havlicek and Mergl 1988
G. †Oehlertella Hall and Clarke 1892
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†Oehlertella stoutella Morningstar 1922
G. Pelagodiscus Dall 1908
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Or. Lingulida Waagen 1885
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Superfm. †Acrotheloidea Walcott 1908
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Fm. †Acrothelidae Schuchert 1893
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Subfm. †Acrothelinae Walcott and Schuchert 1908
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G. †Acrothele Linnarsson 1876
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Invalid names: Dearbornia Walcott 1908 [synonym], Glyptacrothele [synonym], Redlichella [synonym]
G. †Orbithele Sdzuy 1955
G. †Schizopholis Waagen 1885
G. †Spinulothele Rowell 1977
Subfm. †Conodiscinae Rowell 1965
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G. †Conodiscus Ulrich and Cooper 1936
G. †Discotreta Ulrich and Cooper 1936
G. †Eothele Rowell 1980
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†Eothele granulata Roberts and Jell 1990
†Eothele napuru Kruse 1990
†Eothele spurri Walcott 1908
†Eothele tubulus Ushatinskaya 1987
Fm. †Botsfordiidae Schindewolf 1955
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G. †Bomina Korovnik and Ushatinskaya 1994
G. †Botsfordia Matthew 1891
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†Botsfordia barrandei Walcott 1908
†Botsfordia caelata Hall 1847
†Botsfordia minuta Li and Holmer 2004
†Botsfordia paucigranulata Poulsen 1960
†Botsfordia pulcher Matthew 1889
G. †Curdus Gravestock et al. 2001
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†Curdus pararaensis Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Diandongia Rong 1974
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†Diandongia pista Rong 1974
G. †Edreja Koneva 1979
G. †Glyptias Walcott 1901
G. †Karathele Koneva 1986
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†Karathele coronata Koneva 1986
†Karathele yorkensis Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Minlatonia Gravestock et al. 2001
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†Minlatonia tuckeri Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Neobolus Waagen 1885
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†Neobolus warthi Waagen 1885
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Invalid names: Davidsonella linguloides Waagen 1885 [synonym], Davidsonella squama Waagen 1885 [synonym], Neobolus wynnei Waagen 1885 [synonym]
Invalid names: Davidsonella Waagen 1885 [synonym]
Superfm. †Discinoidea Gray 1840
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Fm. †Discinidae Gray 1840
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G. †Acrosaccus Willard 1928
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†Acrosaccus shuleri Willard 1928
†Acrosaccus squamosus Barrande 1879
G. †Bronzoria Ishizaki and Shiino 2024
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†Bronzoria bosniaca Kittl 1903
†Bronzoria discoides Schlotheim 1820
†Bronzoria recta Ishizaki and Shiino 2024
†Bronzoria rhaetica Andreae 1893
†Bronzoria sibirica Moisseiev 1947
†Bronzoria spitsbergensis Biernat 1995
†Bronzoria townshendi Davidson 1851
†Bronzoria zapfei Radwanski and Summesberger 2001
G. †Chynithele Havlicek 1996
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†Chynithele amoena Mergl 2008
G. †Gigadiscina Mergl and Massa 2005
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†Gigadiscina gigantissima Cooper and Grant 1974
†Gigadiscina lessardi Mergl and Massa 2005
G. †Opatrilkiella Mergl 2001
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†Opatrilkiella kobyla Mergl 2008
G. †Orbiculoidea d'Orbigny 1847
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†Orbiculoidea affinis M'Coy 1847
†Orbiculoidea anhuiensis Jin and Hu 1978
†Orbiculoidea capax White 1862
†Orbiculoidea capuliformis McChesney 1859
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Invalid names: Discina convexa White 1884 [synonym]
†Orbiculoidea cincta Portlock 1843
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Invalid names: Orbicula davreuxiana de Koninck 1843 [synonym]
†Orbiculoidea clintonensis Waterhouse 1986
†Orbiculoidea concentrica Wahlenberg 1821
†Orbiculoidea damanensis Sarycheva and Sokolskaja 1952
†Orbiculoidea elegans Liao 1980
†Orbiculoidea excentrica Ifanova 1972
†Orbiculoidea forbesa Davidson 1848
†Orbiculoidea gibba Lindström 1880
†Orbiculoidea jangarensis Ustritsky 1960
†Orbiculoidea keokuk Gurley 1884
†Orbiculoidea kolymaensis Licharew 1959
†Orbiculoidea konincki Geinitz 1848
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Invalid names: Discina speluncaria Schlotheim 1832 [replaced]
†Orbiculoidea liaoi Zhang et al. 2014
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Invalid names: Orbiculoidea minor Liao 1978 [replaced]
†Orbiculoidea linguliformis Kalashnikov 1981
†Orbiculoidea magna Feng 1978
†Orbiculoidea minuta Liao 1980
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Invalid names: Discina manhattanensis Meek and Hayden 1858 [synonym]
†Orbiculoidea nucleola Liao 1980
†Orbiculoidea ovalis Cloud 1944
†Orbiculoidea pileolus Whiteaves 1889
†Orbiculoidea prietana Chronic 1949
†Orbiculoidea qieermaensis Xu and Liu 1983
†Orbiculoidea radiata Troedsson 1918
†Orbiculoidea rotularia Waterhouse 1986
†Orbiculoidea sampsoni Miller 1891
†Orbiculoidea semipolita Whiteaves 1884
†Orbiculoidea sodalis Barrande 1879
†Orbiculoidea soyanensis Kalashnikov 1993
†Orbiculoidea spitzbergensis Lundgren 1887
†Orbiculoidea tobaensis Jin and Sun 1981
†Orbiculoidea varsoviensis Worthen 1884
†Orbiculoidea verum Masunaga and Shiino 2021
†Orbiculoidea warthi Waagen 1891
†Orbiculoidea winsnesi Gobbett 1963
†Orbiculoidea wisnesi Gobbett 1963
†Orbiculoidea wyomingensis Branson and Greger 1918
†Orbiculoidea xinguensis Corrêa and Ramos 2020
†Orbiculoidea yangkangensis Xu and Liu 1983
G. †Roemerella Hall and Clarke 1892
G. †Schizotreta Kutorga 1848
+
†Schizotreta concava Wright 1963
†Schizotreta corrugata Cooper 1956
†Schizotreta elliptica Kutorga 1846
†Schizotreta marginalis Hansen and Holmer 2011
Invalid names: Orbiculoideinae Schuchert 1929 [empty]
Fm. †Trematidae Schuchert 1893
+
G. †Drabodiscina Havlicek 1972
G. †Schizobolus Ulrich 1886
+
Invalid names: Ljaschenkovia Batrukova 1969 [synonym]
G. †Schizocrania Hall and Whitfield 1875
+
†Schizocrania incola Perner 1903
Invalid names: Orbiculothyris Wolfart Bender and Stein 1968 [synonym], Ptychopeltis Perner 1903 [synonym]
G. †Trematis Sharpe 1848
+
†Trematis foerstei Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Trematis huronensis Billings 1865
†Trematis melliflua Reed 1917
†Trematis norvegica Cocks 1982
†Trematis terminalis Emmons 1842
Superfm. Linguloidea Menke 1828
+
Fm. †Aulonotretidae Williams et al. 2000
+
G. †Aulonotreta Kutorga 1848
+
†Aulonotreta antiquissima d'Eichwald 1843
G. †Bistramia Hoek 1912
Fm. †Dysoristidae Popov and Ushatinskaya 1992
+
G. †Dysoristus Bell in Lochman and Duncan 1941
G. †Ferrobolus Havlicek 1982
Fm. †Elkaniidae Walcott and Schuchert 1908
+
G. †Broeggeria Walcott 1902
+
†Broeggeria broeggeri Bancroft 1929
†Broeggeria obscura Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Broeggeria putilla Tenjakova 1989
†Broeggeria salteri Holl 1865
G. †Elkania Ford 1886
+
†Elkania alaskensis Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Elkania ambigua Walcott 1884
†Elkania bellula Walcott 1905
†Elkania desiderata Billings 1865
†Elkania hamburgensis Walcott 1884
†Elkania ida Billings 1865
G. †Elkanisca Havlicek 1982
G. †Lamanskya Moberg and Segerburg 1906
+
†Lamanskya kuraganica Andreeva 1972
†Lamanskya splendens Moberg and Segerberg 1906
†Lamanskya transversa Williams and Curry 1985
Invalid names: Dictyobolus Williams and Curry 1985 [synonym]
G. †Monobolina Salter 1866
G. †Plicarmus Claybourn et al. 2020
G. †Tilasia Holmer 1991
+
†Tilasia rugosa Holmer 1991
G. †Volborthia Möller 1874
+
†Volborthia recurva Kutorga 1848
Fm. †Eoobolidae Holmer et al. 1996
+
G. †Eoobolus Matthew 1902
+
†Eoobolus elatus Gravestock et al. 2001
†Eoobolus incipiens Zhang et al. 2021
†Eoobolus priscus Poulsen 1932
†Eoobolus shaanxiensis Li and Holmer 2004
†Eoobolus triparilis Matthew 1902
†Eoobolus viridis Cobbold 1921
G. †Pustulobolus Skovsted et al. 2017
+
†Pustulobolus triangulus Skovsted et al. 2017
Fm. †Kyrshabaktellidae Ushatinskaya and in Pelman 1992
+
G. †Kyrshabaktella Koneva 1986
+
†Kyrshabaktella certa Ushatinskaya and in Pelman 1992
†Kyrshabaktella davidi Gravestock et al. 2001
†Kyrshabaktella diabola Skovsted et al. 2017
G. †Laima Gravitis 1981
Fm. †Lingulasmatidae Winchell and Schuchert 1893
+
+
†Lingulasma changi Hussey 1928
†Lingulasma cobourgensis Billings 1865
†Lingulasma hyacinthensis Foerste 1924
†Lingulasma matutinum Cooper 1956
†Lingulasma ogontzensis Hussey 1928
†Lingulasma philomela Billings 1865
†Lingulasma progne Billings 1862
†Lingulasma quaestor Reed 1917
†Lingulasma whitfieldi Ulrich 1889
Fm. †Lingulellotretidae Koneva and Popov 1983
+
G. †Aboriginella Koneva 1983
+
†Aboriginella denudata Koneva 1983
G. †Lingulellotreta Koneva 1983
+
+
Invalid names: Lingulellotreta ergalievi Koneva in Gorjansky and Koneva 1983 [synonym]
G. †Lingulosacculus Balthasar and Butterfield 2009
+
†Lingulosacculus nuda Balthasar and Butterfield 2009
G. †Mirilingula Popov 1983
+
†Mirilingula mutabilis Popov 1983
†Mirilingula postuma Holmer et al. 2001
†Mirilingula svalbardensis Hansen and Holmer 2011
G. †Vaculina Koneva 1992
+
†Vaculina obscura Koneva 1992
Fm. †Lingulidae Gray 1840
+
G. †Apsilingula Williams 1977
G. †Barroisella Cooper 1942
+
†Barroisella subspatulata Meek and Worthen 1868
G. †Credolingula Smirnova in Smirnova and Ushatinskaya 2001
+
†Credolingula bagualensis Wilckens 1905
†Credolingula olferievi Smirnova in Smirnova and Ushatinskaya 2001
G. †Dignomia Hall 1871
+
†Dignomia alveata Hall 1863
†Dignomia lepta Clarke 1912
†Dignomia munsterii d’Orbigny 1842
+
Invalid names: Dignomia boliviana Gagnier et al. 1996 [synonym], Lingula lineata Hoek in Streinman & Hoek 1912 [synonym]
†Dignomia subalveata Kayser 1897
†Dignomia submarginata d’Orbigny 1842
+
Invalid names: Lingula marginata d’Orbigny 1842 [replaced]
G. †Eolingularia Bitner and Emig 2016
+
†Eolingularia siberica Biemat and Emig 1993
Subfm. Glottidiinae Archbold 1981
+
G. †Argentiella Archbold et al. 2005
G. Glottidia Dall 1870
G. †Sinoglottidia Peng and Shi 2008
Invalid names: Glottidia rostrata Thomson and Owen 1979 [invalid subgroup], Lingula permiana Stauffer and Schroyer 1920 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Langella Oliveira 1930
+
†Langella imbituvensis Oliveira 1930
+
Invalid names: Lingula budoensis Martins 1948 [synonym]
G. Lingula Bruguiére 1797
+
†Lingula acutangula Liao 1980
Lingula adamsi Dall 1873
†Lingula albapinensis Walcott 1884
†Lingula allingi Fisher 1957
Lingula anatina Lamarck 1801
†Lingula aoraki Campbell 1987
†Lingula arctica Wittenburg 1910
Lingula audebardii Broderip 1834
†Lingula bagualiensis Wilckens 1907
†Lingula beani Phillips 1829
†Lingula beanii Phillips 1836
†Lingula borealica Kalashnikov 1993
†Lingula bottnica Wiman 1903
†Lingula bravardi Frenguelli 1930
†Lingula carbonaria Shumard and Swallow 1858
+
Invalid names: Lingula mytiloides Meek and Worthen 1873 [synonym], Lingula umbonata White 1884 [synonym]
†Lingula clintoni Vanuxem 1842
†Lingula complanata Williams 1882
†Lingula craneae Davidson 1876
†Lingula crassa Eichwald 1859
†Lingula credneri Geinitz 1848
†Lingula cretacea Lundgren 1885
†Lingula crumena Phillips 1848
†Lingula davidsoni Oppel 1856
†Lingula deitersensis Pflücker 1868
†Lingula delia Hall 1867
†Lingula demissa Gerassimov 1955
†Lingula densa Hall 1867
†Lingula derbyi Clarke 1899
†Lingula desiderata Hall 1863
†Lingula divulgata Sinclair 1945
†Lingula dregeri Andreae 1893
+
Invalid names: Lingula suessi Dreger 1889 [replaced]
†Lingula elliptica Makridin 1957
†Lingula elliptica Phillips 1836
†Lingula forbesi Billings 1865
†Lingula freboldi Gobbett 1963
†Lingula fuyuanensis Liao 1980
†Lingula gorbyi Miller 1892
†Lingula halli White 1862
†Lingula hyperborea Ifanova 1972
†Lingula indianensis Miller and Gurley 1894
†Lingula ingens Spencer 1884
Lingula jaspidea Adams 1863
†Lingula kedonensis Dagys 1965
†Lingula kolymaensis Zavodowsky 1968
†Lingula lamellata Hall 1843
†Lingula leana Hall 1867
†Lingula ligea Hall 1867
†Lingula liurjakhensis Kalashnikov 1993
†Lingula lonensis Walcott 1884
†Lingula longoviciensis Terquem 1851
†Lingula louisianensis Weller 1914
†Lingula marginata Phillips 1836
†Lingula marginia Feng 1978
†Lingula meeki Herrick 1888
†Lingula membranacea Winchell 1863
†Lingula metensis Terquem 1851
†Lingula minima Sowerby 1839
†Lingula nanimensis Healey 1908
†Lingula nikitini Sarycheva and Sokolskaja 1952
†Lingula nitida Meek and Hayden 1861
†Lingula oblata Hall 1843
†Lingula olenekensis Dagys 1965
†Lingula ovalis Sowerby 1813
†Lingula ovata Dana 1847
†Lingula parallela Phillips 1848
Lingula parva Smith 1871
†Lingula percorrugata Talent 1963
Lingula pyramidata Stimpson 1860
Lingula reevei Davidson 1880
†Lingula reevii Davidson 1880
Lingula rostrum Show 1798
†Lingula sacculus Chapuis and Dewalque 1854
†Lingula scrutata Reed 1931
†Lingula selwyni Whiteaves 1877
Lingula semen Broderip 1834
†Lingula spatulata Vanuxem 1842
†Lingula sterlini Makridin 1964
†Lingula sturti Morton 1982
†Lingula subcircularis Wirth 1912
†Lingula subelliptica Mansuy 1912
†Lingula subovalis Davidson 1852
†Lingula subspatulata Hall and Meek 1855
†Lingula subtenuissima Kiparisova 1940
†Lingula suessi Stoppani 1865
†Lingula sulcatiferea Grabau 1931
†Lingula symondsii Salter 1866
†Lingula tenuis Henry 1876
†Lingula truncata Sowerby 1836
†Lingula tumida Feng 1978
Lingula tumidula Reeve 1841
†Lingula varsoviensis Worthen 1884
†Lingula whitei Walcott 1884
†Lingula xinlinensis Lee and Gu 1980
Invalid names: Lingula foliaceusa Liang 1990 [nomen dubium], Lingulipora zhexiensis Liang 1990 [nomen dubium]
G. †Lingularia Biernat and Emig 1993
+
†Lingularia borealis Bittner 1899
†Lingularia krausei Dames 1874
+
Invalid names: Lingularia similis Biemat and Emig 1993 [synonym]
†Lingularia notialis Holmer and Bengtson 2009
†Lingularia polaris Lundgren 1883
†Lingularia smirnovae Biemat and Emig 1993
+
Invalid names: Lingularia michailovae Smirnova and Ushatinskaya 2001 [synonym]
†Lingularia squamiformis Phillips 1836
†Lingularia tenuissima Bronn 1837
†Lingularia yini Peng and Shi 2008
G. †Lunoglossa Xu and Xie 1985
+
†Lunoglossa cymostriata Xu and Xie 1985
†Lunoglossa puqiensis Xu and Xie 1985
G. †Semilingula Yegorov and Popov 1990
+
†Semilingula arctica Miloradovich 1936
G. †Sinolingularia Peng and Shi 2008
+
†Sinolingularia huananensis Peng and Shi 2008
G. †Trentingula Posenato 2016
+
†Trentingula lorigae Posenato 2016
†Trentingula mazzinensis Posenato 2016
†Trentingula prinothi Posenato 2016
Invalid names: Lingulinae Menke 1828 [empty]
G. †Lingulipora Girty 1898
+
†Lingulipora budili Mergl 2019
†Lingulipora gradata Batrukova 1955
†Lingulipora porifera Cooper and Dutro 1982
Fm. †Obolidae King 1846
+
G. †Atansoria Popov 2000
+
†Atansoria concava Popov 2000
Subfm. †Elliptoglossinae Popov and Holmer 1994
+
G. †Elliptoglossa Cooper 1956
G. †Lingulops Hall 1871
G. †Eodicellomus Gravestock et al. 2001
+
†Eodicellomus elkaniiformis Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Fordinia Walcott 1908
+
†Fordinia perfecta Walcott 1908
G. †Foveola Gorjansky 1969
+
†Foveola ivari Holmer et al. 2017
†Foveola maarduensis Gorjansky 1969
Subfm. †Glossellinae Cooper 1956
+
G. †Anx
G. †Barrandeoglossa Mergl 2001
G. †Casquella
G. †Eoglossa Wang et al. 2014
G. †Fezzanoglossa Havlícek and Massa 1973
G. †Glossella Cooper 1956
G. †Glyptoglossella Cooper 1960
+
Invalid names: Glyptoglossa Cooper 1956 [replaced]
G. †Lachrymula Graham 1970
G. †Leptobolus Hall 1871
G. †Libyaeglossa Havlíček and Massa 1973
G. †Mergliella Cocks and Popov 2009
G. †Pachyglossella Cooper 1960
+
Invalid names: Pachyglossa Cooper 1956 [replaced]
G. †Plectoglossa Cooper 1956
G. †Rafanoglossella Havlicek 1998
G. †Tunisiglossa Massa et al. 1977
G. †Lingulella Salter 1866
+
†Lingulella agaue Mergl and Kordule 2008
†Lingulella alata Holmer 1989
†Lingulella amabilis Reed 1917
†Lingulella ampla Owen 1852
†Lingulella angustior Reed 1917
†Lingulella brainerdi Raymond 1902
†Lingulella buttsi Walcott 1908
†Lingulella clelandi Ulrich and Cooper 1938
+
Invalid names: Lingula ovata Cleland 1903 [replaced]
†Lingulella columba Raymond 1905
†Lingulella cuneata Conrad 1839
†Lingulella davisi McCoy 1846
†Lingulella davisii McCoy 1851
†Lingulella desiderata Walcott 1898
†Lingulella eucharis Resser 1939
†Lingulella ferruginea Salter 1867
†Lingulella fuchsi Redlich 1899
†Lingulella holyokensis Lochman 1938
†Lingulella huronensis Billings 1859
†Lingulella ibicus Walcott 1924
†Lingulella idahoensis Resser 1938
†Lingulella incongrua Barrande 1879
†Lingulella kiurensis Waagen 1885
+
Invalid names: Lingula warthi Waagen 1885 [synonym]
†Lingulella manticula White 1874
†Lingulella morsensis Winchell 1880
†Lingulella narrawayi Wilson 1946
†Lingulella nepos Walcott 1924
†Lingulella obtusa Hall 1847
†Lingulella ovata M'Coy 1846
†Lingulella prima Billings 1856
†Lingulella prolixa Sinclair 1945
†Lingulella proveedorensis Cooper et al. 1952
†Lingulella quaestor Reed 1917
†Lingulella selwyni Mathew 1896
†Lingulella texana Walcott 1908
†Obolus (Lingulella) isse Walcott 1905
†Obolus (Lingulella) lens Matthew 1900
†Obolus (Lingulella) orus Walcott 1905
†Obolus (Lingulella) upis Walcott 1905
Subfm. †Lingulellinae Schuchert 1893
+
G. †Rowellella Wright 1963
G. †Luthieria Lavié et al. 2021
+
†Luthieria diminuta Lavié et al. 2021
Subfm. †Obolinae King 1846
+
G. †Aksarinaia Koneva 1992
+
Invalid names: Paldiskites Havlíček 1982 [synonym]
G. †Ectenoglossa Sinclair 1945
G. †Expellobolus Havlíček 1982
G. †Famatinobolus Lavié and Benedetto 2020
G. †Gorjanskya Tenjakova 1980
G. †Kosagittella Mergl 2001
G. †Lenticulella Hansen and Holmer 2011
G. †Libecoviella Mergl 1997
G. †Lindinella Mergl and Slehoferová 1990
G. †Lingulepis Hall 1863
G. †Lithobolus Mergl 1996
G. †Obolus Eichwald 1829
G. †Oepikites Khazanovitch and Popov 1984
+
Invalid names: Obolopsis Saito 1936 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoglossa Cockerell 1911
+
Invalid names: Glossina Phillips 1848 [replaced]
G. †Palaeoschmidtites Koneva 1979
G. †Pseudobolus Cooper 1956
G. †Rafanoglossa Havlicek 1980
G. †Schmidtites Schuchert and LeVene 1929
+
Invalid names: Schmidtia Volborth 1869 [replaced]
G. †Sinoglossa Mei 1993
G. †Spinilingula Cooper 1956
G. †Spinobolus Zhang et al. 2016
G. †Squamilingulella Xu 1978
G. †Stittia Freeman and Miller 2011
G. †Ungula Pander 1830
G. †Westonia Walcott 1901
G. †Prastavia Mergl 2001
G. †Xianshanella Zhang and Han 2004
+
†Xianshanella haikouensis Zhang and Han 2004
G. †Oxlosia Ulrich and Cooper 1936
Fm. †Paterulidae Cooper 1956
+
G. †Diencobolus Holmer et al. 2001
+
†Diencobolus simplex Holmer et al. 2001
G. †Paterula Barrande 1879
+
†Paterula balclatchiensis Davidson 1883
†Paterula bohemica Barrande 1879
†Paterula holynensis Mergl 2001
†Paterula numerosa Popov 1977
†Paterula perfecta Cooper 1956
†Paterula polita Cooper 1956
†Paterula subcircularis Cooper 1956
Fm. †Pseudolingulidae Holmer 1991
+
G. †Bicarinatina Batrukova 1969
+
†Bicarinatina bicarinata Kutorga 1837
†Bicarinatina kongakutensis Popov et al. 1994
G. †Meristopacha Sutton et al. 1999
G. †Pseudolingula Mickwitz 1909
+
†Pseudolingula beltrami Winchell and Schuchert 1893
†Pseudolingula curta Conrad 1842
†Pseudolingula displosa Williams 1974
†Pseudolingula elderi Whitfield 1882
+
Invalid names: Lingula minnesotensis Winchell 1880 [synonym]
†Pseudolingula elegantula Shaler 1865
†Pseudolingula eva Billings 1861
†Pseudolingula galenensis Winchell and Schuchert 1895
†Pseudolingula quadrata Eichwald 1829
†Pseudolingula scutum Sinclair 1945
G. †Timalina Batrukova 1969
G. †Tomasina Hall and Clarke 1892
Fm. †Zhanatellidae Koneva 1986
+
+
†Canalilatus major Holmer et al. 2001
G. †Fossuliella Popov and Ushatinskaya 1992
G. †Rosobolus Havlíček 1982
+
†Rosobolus elongatus Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Rosobolus robertinus Havlíček 1982
+
†Thysanotos multispinulosus Popov et al. 2008
Invalid names: Thysanobolus [synonym]
G. †Tropidoglossa Rowell 1966
+
†Tropidoglossa modesta Walcott 1908
G. †Wahwahlingula Popov et al. 2002
+
†Wahwahlingula antiquissima Jeremejew 1856
G. †Zhanatella Koneva 1986
+
†Zhanatella rotunda Koneva 1986
†Zhanatella utahensis Popov et al. 2002
Invalid names: Lingulacea Menke 1828 [replaced]
G. †Shouxianella Liu 1983
Invalid names: Craniidina Waagen 1885 [empty], Trimerellacea Davidson and King 1872 [empty]
Or. †Siphonotretida Gorjansky 1960
hide
Superfm. †Siphonotretoidea Kutorga 1848
+
Fm. †Siphonotretidae Kutorga 1848
+
G. †Acanthambonia Cooper 1956
+
†Acanthambonia delicata Holmer 1989
†Acanthambonia klabavensis Havlíček 1982
†Acanthambonia minutisima Cooper 1956
G. †Alichovia
+
†Celdobolus complexus Barrande 1879
†Celdobolus skrikus Lavié and Benedetto 2023
G. †Chilcatreta Lavié and Benedetto 2016
+
†Chilcatreta lariojana Lavié and Benedetto 2020
†Chilcatreta tubulata Lavié and Benedetto 2016
G. †Eosiphonotreta Havlíček 1982
+
Invalid names: Quasithambonia Bednarczyk and Biernat 1978 [synonym]
G. †Helmersenia Pander 1861
G. †Mesotreta
G. †Multispinula Rowell 1962
+
†Multispinula bondarevi Nikiforova 1982
†Multispinula cuneata Willard 1928
†Multispinula scotica Davidson 1877
G. †Nushbiella Popov 1986
+
†Nushbiella dubia Popov 1977
†Nushbiella lillianae Holmer 1989
†Nushbiella parvula Popov 1980
G. †Oaxaquiatreta Streng et al. 2011
+
†Oaxaquiatreta labrifera Streng et al. 2011
G. †Orbaspina Valentine and Brock 2003
G. †Schizambon Walcott 1884
+
†Schizambon cuneatus Willard 1928
†Schizambon typicalis Walcott 1884
+
†Siphonotreta americana Cooper 1956
†Siphonotreta curta Dana 1849
†Siphonotreta unguiculata Eichwald 1829
G. †Siphonotretella Popov and Holmer 1994
Invalid names: Acanthamboniinae Cooper 1956 [empty], Schizamboninae Havlíček 1982 [empty]
Invalid names: Siphonotretacea Kutorga 1948 [empty]
hide
G. †Adenus
Superfm. †Trimerelloidea Davidson and King 1872
+
Fm. †Adensuidae Popov and Rukavishnikova 1986
+
G. †Adensu Popov and Rukavishnikova 1986
Fm. †Trimerellidae Davidson and King 1872
+
G. †Belubula Percival 1995
+
Invalid names: Zhuzhaiia Xu and Li 2002 [synonym]
G. †Bowanpodium Percival 1995
G. †Corystops Percival 1995
G. †Costitrimerella Rong and Li 1993
+
†Costitrimerella costellata Rong and Li 1993
+
Invalid names: Costitrimerella costellata Rong and Li 1993 [objective synonym]
G. †Dinobolus Hall 1871
+
†Dinobolus athelstani Cocks 2019
G. †Eodinobolus Rowell 1963
+
†Eodinobolus dixonensis Cooper 1956
†Eodinobolus magnifica Billings 1872
G. †Fengzuella Li and Han 1980
+
†Fengzuella zhejiangensis Li and Han 1980
G. †Gasconsia Northrop 1939
G. †Gyroselenella Li 1985
G. †Keteiodoros Strusz 1998
G. †Monomerella Billings 1872
+
†Monomerella antiqua Goriansky 1972
G. †Obolellina Billings 1871
G. †Ovidiella Nikitin and Popov 1984
+
†Ovidiella plana Nikitin and Popov 1984
G. †Palaeotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Paradinobolus Li and Han 1980
+
†Paradinobolus sinensis Li and Han 1980
G. †Peritrimerella Liang 1983
G. †Porcidium Percival 1995
G. †Rhynobolus Hall 1871
G. †Sinotrimerella Li and Han 1980
+
†Sinotrimerella jiangshanensis Lin and Han 1980
G. †Trimerella Billings 1862
+
Invalid names: Machaerocolella Li and Han 1980 [synonym], Prosoponella Li 1984 [synonym]
G. †Yidurella Zeng 1987
+
†Yidurella yiduensis Zeng 1987
Fm. †Ussuniidae Nikitin and Popov 1984
+
G. †Ussunia Nikitin and Popov 1984
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available