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Spariformes

Actinopteri - Spariformes

Taxonomy
Spariformes is an order. It is extant.

It was assigned to Percomorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Ovalentaria by Nelson et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Spariformes Betancur et al.
2016Spariformes Nelson et al. p. 502

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
—Osteoglossocephalai
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Percomorpharia
orderSpariformes
orderSpariformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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G. Centracanthus Rafinesque 1810
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†Centracanthus pobedinae Bratishko et al. 2015
G. Spicara Rafinesque 1810
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†Spicara arambourgi Nolf 1971
†Spicara gossei Steurbaut 1984
Spicara smaris Linnaeus 1758
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G. Lethrinus Cuvier 1829
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Lethrinus crassiornatus Schwarzhans 2019
G. Monotaxis Bennett 1830
Fm. Nemipteridae Regan 1930
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G. Nemipterus Swainson 1839
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†Nemipterus caribbaeus Nolf and Dockery 1993
Fm. Sparidae Cuvier 1817
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G. †Abromasta Day 2002
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†Abromasta microdon Agassiz 1839
Subfm. †Dentinae
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G. †Podocephalus Agassiz 1843
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†Podocephalus curryi Casier 1966
†Podocephalus nitidus Casier 1966
G. †Sciaenuropsis Casier 1966
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†Sciaenuropsis turneri Casier 1966
G. Diplodus Rafinesque 1810
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†Diplodus jamnitanus Valenciennes 1844
†Diplodus jomnitanus Valencienes 1844
†Diplodus karrerae Nolf and Steurbaut 1979
G. †Ellaserrata Day 2002
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†Ellaserrata monksi Day 2002
Subg. Otolithus (Chrysophris) Cuvier 1829
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†Chrysophris doederleini Bassoli and Schubert 1906
†Chrysophris hennii Van Beneden 1871
†Chrysophris miolankae Deraniyagala 1969
†Chrysophrys brevis Lednev 1914
†Chrysophrys diatomaceus Bogatshov 1942
†Chrysophrys honi Leriche 1926
G. †Plectrites Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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†Plectrites classeni Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Pseudosparnodus Day 2002
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G. †Rythmias Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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†Rythmias starri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Sargus Walbaum 1792
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†Sargus cuvieri Agassiz 1839
†Sargus laticonus Davis 1888
†Sargus oranensis Woodward 1901
G. †Sciaenurus Agassiz 1843
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†Sciaenurus bowerbanki Agassiz 1845
G. †Sparidarum Bonaparte 1832
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†Sparidarum crescens Frost 1925
†Sparidarum doderleini Bassoli 1906
†Sparidarum elongatus Priem 1906
†Sparidarum frosti Vorstman 1927
†Sparidarum gautieri Steurbaut 1984
†Sparidarum gregarius Koken 1891
†Sparidarum pectinoides Stinton and Nolf 1970
G. †Sparnodus Agassiz 1835
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†Sparnodus altivelis Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus elongatus Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus eotauricus Bogatshov 1965
†Sparnodus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus micracanthus Agassiz 1839
†Sparnodus ovalis Agassiz 1835
†Sparnodus vulgaris de Blainville 1818
Invalid names: Denticinae [empty]
Invalid names: Callanthiidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: omnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 20:44:22
Modified: 2009-07-20 22:44:22
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma

Collections (123 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhão) Sparidae indet. (67225)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Sparidae indet. (47782)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Sparidae indet. (45087)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Sparidae indet. (47893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Haute-Garonne) Sparidae indet. (48865 118194 148954 172588)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Greenland Sparidarum carribaeus (22943)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2USA (Alabama) Sparidae indet., Nemipterus caribbaeus (87817)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Denmark Sparidarum sp. (159792 159793)
Selandian - Thanetian61.6 - 56.0Ukraine Sparidarum spatiatus (159509)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica Sparidae indet. (100414)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica (Seymour Island) Sparidae indet. (176085)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Sparnodus elongatus, Sparnodus vulgaris, Pseudosparnodus microstomus, Ellaserrata monksi, Abromasta microdon (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Sciaenurus bowerbanki, Podocephalus nitidus, Podocephalus curryi (13299)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France Spicara armabourgi (220174)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Sciaenurus bowerbanki (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Nemipterus minsterensis (3262)
Mangaorapan - Heretaungan53.0 - 46.2New Zealand (South Island) Lethrinus crassiornatus (219501)
Heretaungan49.5 - 46.2New Zealand (South Island) Lethrinus crassiornatus (219498)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Belgium Lagodon pectinoides (123069)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Centracanthus cahuzaci (188960)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Lower Saxony,) Sparidarum sp., Sparidarum pectinoides (188954)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) Otolithus gregarius (42636 42641)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Chrysophrys blankenhorni (149316)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Libya Chrysophrys sp. (42144)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Sparidae indet. (75638)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Otolithus gregarius (42640)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Oman (Dhofar) Sparidae indet. (162464 175334)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France Diplodus sp. (69805)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Belgium Sparidarum sp. (188930)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Hungary Sparidae indet. (124377)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Diplodus sp. (224900)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1New Zealand Sargus laticonus (187476)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany Chrysophris schoppi (95898)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333New Zealand (South Island) Sparidarum gregarius (205843)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03USA (Louisiana) Sparidarum sp. (44521)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany Sparidae indet. (57119)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Hungary Spicara sp., Sparidae indet. (184477)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (South Carolina) Sparidae indet. (97550)
Chattian - Early/Lower Miocene28.1 - 15.97Greece (Greneva) Spicara gossei (222448)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Hungary (Esztergom) Sparidae indet. (186636)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Italy Chrysophrys cincta (47623)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Indonesia (Maros) Sparidae indet. (187654)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Costa Rica Diplodus jomnitanus (187875)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Japan (Tottori) Sparidae indet. (161450)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333New Zealand (South Island) Sargus laticonus (202913 202915)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Sri Lanka Chrysophrys miolankae (13449)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Indonesia (Aceh) Sparidarum voslangensis, Sparidarum crescens (223637 223639)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Indonesia Sparidarum gregarius (223638)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Sparidae indet. (49102)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Sparidae indet. (37238)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Colombia (La Guajira) Sparidae sp. (166506)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy Diplodus sp., Sparidae morphotype 1, Sparidae morphotype 2 (70814)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Saudi Arabia Sparidae indet. (47095)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Spain (Mallorca) Diplodus vulgaris, Sparidae indet., Diplodus jomnitanus (155253)
Burdigalian - Tortonian20.44 - 7.246France Diplodus jomnitanus (187577)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (Southland) Sparidarum gregarius (85538)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand Sparidarum elongatus (67897 67900)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Sri Lanka (Puttalam) Chrysophrys miolankae (14149)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France Diplodus sp. (219197)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany Sparidae indet. (46955)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Austria Diplodus incisivus, Sparidae indet. (51002)
MN 5 - MN 615.97 - 12.75Portugal Diplodus jomnitanus (65912)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62France Diplodus sp. (154318 154319)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Argentina (Entre Rios) Sparidae indet., Chrysophrys sp. (55599)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kazakhstan Centracanthus pobedinae (174760)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic (Mikulov) Diplodus sitifensis, Diplodus sp., Sparidae indet. (161993) Diplodus sitifensis, Sparidae indet. (161995) Sparidae indet. (161994)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Poland Diplodus sp. (162017)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Slovakia (Bratislava) Diplodus sp., Sparidae indet. (161996)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Sparidae indet. (84331)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Plectrites classeni (45489)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama Sparidae indet. (24237)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy Sparidarum doderleini (178120)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Sparidae indet. (207584 207585 207587 207589)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Argentina (Entre Rios) Sargus incertus (13626) Sparidae indet. (128628 140010)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Portugal Sparidae indet., Diplodus jomnitanus (56459)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Costa Rica (Limon) Diplodus oweni (162678)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey Sparidae indet. (56563)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa Sparidae indet. (22219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (California) Plectrites classeni (185671 185673)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Spain (Balearic Islands) Diplodus jommnitanus (162713 162714)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Sparidae indet. (207591)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Diplodus jomnitanus (186631) Diplodus oranensis (219784) Spicara dionysii (186582) Spicara dionysii, Diplodus oranensis (186585)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Diplodus sp., Diplodus oranensis, Diplodus jomnitanus (59256)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Greece (Peloponnese) Diplodus annularis, Spicara maena (207769)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (Florida) Sparidae indet. (46369)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Morocco Sparidae indet. (32052)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Greece (Crete) Sargus oweni (207359)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Greece (Rhodes) Sparidae indet., Spicara smaris (207579 207580) Spicara smaris (207581)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Diplodus annularis, Spicara smaris (207571)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Italy Spicara smaris (159378)
Gelasian - Ionian2.588 - 0.129Greece (Kephallonia) Sparidae indet. (207577)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Diplodus puntazzo, Spicara smaris (159140) Spicara smaris (159288)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Greece (Rhodes) Spicara smaris (207568)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Diplodus sargus (90036)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Greece (Argolida) Sparidae indet. (182709)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Lethrinidae indet., Monotaxis grandoculus (194995) Monotaxis grandoculus (194997 194999)