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Acanthuriformes

Actinopteri - Acanthuriformes

Taxonomy
Acanthuriformes was named as an order. It is extant.

It was reranked as the unranked clade Acanthuriformes by Jordan (1963).

It was assigned to Squamipennes by Jordan (1963); to Percomorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Ovalentaria by Nelson et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1963Acanthuriformes Jordan p. 707
2013Acanthuriformes Betancur et al.
2016Acanthuriformes Nelson et al. p. 497

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
RankNameAuthor
—Osteoglossocephalai
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Percomorpharia
orderAcanthuriformes
orderAcanthuriformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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G. †Glarithurus Tyler and Micklich 2011
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†Glarithurus friedmani Tyler and Micklich 2011
G. †Acanthuroides Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Acanthuroides massalongoi Blot and Tyler 1990
G. Acanthurus Forskal 1775
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†Acanthurus canossae Heckel 1856
†Acanthurus gaudryi de Zigno 1887
†Acanthurus gazolae Massalongo 1859
†Acanthurus ovalis Agassiz 1839
†Acanthurus tenuis Agassiz 1835
G. Ctenochaetus Gill 1885
G. †Eonaso Blot 1984
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†Eonaso deani Hussakof 1907
G. †Eorandallius Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Eorandallius elegans Blot and Tyler 1990
†Eorandallius rectifrons Agassiz 1835
G. †Frigosorbinia Bannikov and Tyler 2012
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†Frigosorbinia baldwinae Sorbini and Tyler 1998
G. †Gazolaichthys Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Gazolaichthys vestenanovae Blot and Tyler 1990
G. †Lehmanichthys Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Lehmanichthys lessiniensis Blot and Tyler 1990
G. Marosichthys Whitely 1951
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†Marosichthys huismani de Beaufort 1926
Invalid names: Marosia de Beaufort 1926 [replaced]
G. †Metacanthurus Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Metacanthurus veronensis Blot and Tyler 1990
G. †Metaspisurus Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Metaspisurus emmanueli Blot and Tyler 1990
G. †Naseus Commerson
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†Naseus nuchalis Agassiz 1835
†Naseus rectifrons Agassiz 1835
Subfm. Nasinae Smith 1955
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G. †Arambourgthurus Tyler 2000
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†Arambourgthurus scombrurus Arambourg 1956
G. Naso Lacépède 1802
G. †Padovathurus Tyler 2005
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†Padovathurus gaudryi de Zigno 1887
G. Paracanthurus Bleeker 1863
G. †Pesciarichthys Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Pesciarichthys punctatus Blot and Tyler 1990
G. Prionurus Lacépede 1804
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Prionurus microlepidotus Lacépede 1804
G. †Proacanthurus Blot and Tyler 1990
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†Proacanthurus bonatoi Blot and Tyler 1990
†Proacanthurus elongatus Blot and Tyler 1990
†Proacanthurus ovalis Agassiz 1839
†Proacanthurus tenuis Agassiz 1835
G. †Protozebrasoma Sorbini and Tyler 1998
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†Protozebrasoma bloti Sorbini and Tyler 1998
G. †Sorbinithurus Tyler 1999
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†Sorbinithurus sorbinii Tyler 1999
G. †Tauichthys Tyler 1999
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†Tauichthys aspesae Tyler and Bannikov 2000
†Tauichthys padremenini Tyler 1999
G. †Tylerichthys Blot 1980
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†Tylerichthys milani Blot and Tyler 1990
†Tylerichthys nuchalis Agassiz 1835
G. Zebrasoma Swainson 1839
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G. †Aluvarus Bannikov and Tyler 1995
G. †Avitoluvarus Bannikov and Tyler 1995
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Avitoluvarus dianae Bannikov and Tyler 1995
†Avitoluvarus mariannae Bannikov and Tyler 1995
G. Luvarus Rafinesque 1810
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Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque 1810
†Luvarus necopinatus Danil'chenko 1968
†Luvarus praeimperialis Arambourg 1967
G. †Proluvarus Daniltshenko 1968
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G. †Massalongius Tyler and Bannikov 2005
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†Massalongius gazolai Massalongo 1859
Subor. Sciaenoidei Cuvier 1828
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Fm. Sciaenidae Cuvier 1828
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G. Argyrosomus La Pylaie 1835
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†Argyrosomus laghii Nolf and Steurbaut 1983
†Argyrosomus regia Lanckneus and Nolf 1979
G. †Caucasisciaena Bannikov et al. 2009
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†Caucasisciaena ignota Smirnov 1830
G. †Ekokenia Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Ekokenia eporrectus Koken 1888
G. †Fisherichthys Weems 1999
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†Fisherichthys folmeri Weems 1999
G. Pogonias Lacépède 1802
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Pogonias cromis Cope 1869 [black drum]
†Pogonias stringeri Takeuchi and Huddleston 2008
G. Sciaena Linnaeus 1758
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†Sciaena amplus Koken 1891
Sciaena bathytatos Chao and Miller 1975
†Sciaena holsatica Koken 1891
†Sciaena impropria Gabelaia 1976
†Sciaena irregularis Koken 1884
†Sciaena kirchbergensis Koken 1891
†Sciaena knyrkoi Danil'chenko 1980
†Sciaena meridionalis Koken 1891
†Sciaena obtusus Koken 1891
†Sciaena pecchioli Lawley 1876
†Sciaena pimenovae Bogatsov 1955
†Sciaena simplex Frost 1926
G. Sciaenops Gill 1863
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†Sciaenops ocellata Linnaeus 1766
Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus 1766
Invalid names: Stelliferinae Sasaki 1989 [empty]
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G. †Eozanclus Blot and Voruz 1975
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†Eozanclus brevirostris Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Pygaeidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: omnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 20:44:22
Modified: 2009-07-20 22:44:22
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 99.6 Ma

Collections (94 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Italy Pogonias harpago (77178) Pogonias prodromus (76512) Pogonias prodromus, Pogonias harpago, Pogonias missilis (77255)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Italy Pogonias hirsutus (78741) Pogonias incallidus, Pogonias hirsutus, Pogonias prodromus, Pogonias harpago (78742)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Italy Pogonias harpago (77273) Pogonias prodromus, Pogonias harpago (77274)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Italy Pogonias hirsutus (76493 77177) Pogonias incallidus (77110)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Acanthurus gazolai, Pesciarichthys punctatus, Proacanthurus tenuis, Proacanthurus bonatoi, Proacanthurus ovalis, Proacanthurus elongatus, Metacanthurus veronensis, Eorandallius rectifrons, Eorandallius elegans, Acanthuroides massalongoi, Lehmanichthys lessiniensis, Metaspisurus emmanueli, Tylerichthys nuchalis, Tylerichthys milani, Protozebrasoma bloti, Sorbinithurus sorbinii, Tauichthys padremenini, Gazolaichthys vestenanovae, Acanthurus gaudryi (55239) Pesciarichthys punctatus, Pesciarichthys baldwinae, Proacanthurus tenuis, Proacanthurus bonatoi, Proacanthurus ovalis, Proacanthurus elongatus, Metacanthurus veronensis, Eorandallius rectifrons, Eorandallius elegans, Acanthuroides massalongoi, Lehmanichthys lessiniensis, Metaspisurus emmanueli, Tylerichthys nuchalis, Tylerichthys milani, Protozebrasoma bloti, Sorbinithurus sorbinii, Tauichthys padremenini, Tauichthys aspesae, Gazolaichthys vestenanovae, Padovathurus gaudryi, Eozanclus brevirostris, Massalongius gazolai (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Turkmenistan Proluvarus necopinatus, Avitoluvarus dianae, Avitoluvarus mariannae (186444)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3USA (Alabama) Fisherichthys folmeri (81179)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Fisherichthys folmeri (15595)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Alabama) Fisherichthys sp. (13346)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Nigeria Otolithus simplex (60711)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) Pogonias sp. (209370 209371)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Louisiana) Sciaena psuedoradians (164390)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Louisiana) Sciaena pseudoradians (3534)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) Fisherichthys folmeri (81266)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Nigeria Sciaena simplex (32905)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Ekokenia sp. (75638) Sciaena umbra (32925)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4USA (Louisiana) Sciaena psuedoradians (164391)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Pogonias sp., Sciaenops sp. (60444) Sciaenops sp. (224900)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Switzerland (Glarus) Glarithurus friedmani (185488)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Iran Arambourgthurus scombrurus (185490)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua) Zebrasoma deani (186839)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Russian Federation Larimus ignotus (186461)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Hungary Sciaena sp. (184477)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Sciaena elongata, Sciaena sp., Sciaena irregularis (32012)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Hungary (Esztergom) Sciaena sp. (186636)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Costa Rica Acanthurus sp. (187875)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Indonesia (Maros) Marosia huismani (187654)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Venezuela (Paraguana) Sciaena sp., Sciaenops reyzi (118106)
Aquitanian - Langhian23.03 - 13.82USA (North Carolina) Pogonias cromis (48887)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Russian Federation Caucasisciaena ignota (186456)
Burdigalian - Serravallian20.44 - 11.62USA (Maryland) Sciaenops eastmani (123869)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (18586)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Virginia) Pogonias multidentatus (79793)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82France Acanthurus sp. (90354)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany (Lower Saxony) Sciaena obtusa (161965)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Romania Sciaena sp. (222591)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Virginia) Pogonias multidentatus (71798 126605) Pogonias sp., Pogonias multidentatus, Sciaenops ocellatus (57700) Sciaenops sp. (187324)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Slovakia (Bratislava) Acanthuridae indet. (58983)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kazakhstan Pogonias sp. (174760)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Croatia Acanthuridae indet. (185489)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Czech Republic (Mikulov) Argyrosomus regius (161995) Sciaena rybnicensis, Argyrosomus regius, Sciaena irregularis (161993)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (161374)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (18554)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Malta Sciaenidae indet. (210639)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy Argyrosomus laghii (178120)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Acanthuridae indet. (207356)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Denmark (Jutland) Sciaena holsatica (34521)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Chile Stelliferinae indet. (221625)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece Acanthuridae indet. (60775 185752)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Virginia) Pogonias mulidentatus (152251)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Germany Sciaena holsatica (223566)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (18601)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Argyrosomus sp. (172914 220503)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Ravenna) Sciaenidae indet. (144566)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333USA (Virginia) Pogonias multidentatus (179732)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) Acanthurus sp. (212232)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Sciaenops sp., Sciaenops ocellata, Pogonias cromis, Sciaenops ocellatus (52582)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (22712)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Sciaenops ocellatus (227368)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Brazil Pogonias cromis (52644)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (20400 58089)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Pogonias cromis (20440)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Maryland) Pogonias cromis (48886)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Pogonias sp. (57706) Sciaenops sp. (73485)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grand do Sul) Pogonias cromis (211308)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil Pogonias cromis (54181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Pogonias cromis (20604 20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Pogonias sp., Sciaenops sp. (188304)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Naso sp., Acanthuridae indet. (194995 194996 194997 194998 194999)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Turks and Caicos Islands Acanthurus spp. (209855)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Sciaenops ocellatus (227371)