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Baracromia

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Baracromia was named by Fischer et al. (2013) [The node-based clade that includes Stenopterygius quadriscissus and Ophthalmosaurus icenicus, and all descendants of theirmost recent common ancestor, but not Ichthyosaurus communis.]. It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Fischer et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Thunnosauria by Fischer et al. (2013), Moon (2017) and Moon (2019); and to Ichthyosauria by Campos et al. (2021).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Baracromia Fischer et al.
2017Baracromia Moon
2019Baracromia Moon p. 148
2021Baracromia Campos et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Ichthyosauromorpha
—Ichthyosauriformes
—Ichthyopterygia(Owen 1840)
—Eoichthyosauria
—Ichthyosauria(de Blainville 1835)
—Baracromia
—Baracromia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Baracromia Fischer et al. 2013
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G. †Chacaicosaurus Fernandez 1994
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†Chacaicosaurus cayi Fernandez 1994
Fm. †Ophthalmosauridae Andrews 1910
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G. †Apatodonosaurus Mehl 1928
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†Apatodonosaurus grayi Mehl 1928
G. †Argovisaurus Miedema et al. 2024
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†Argovisaurus martafernandezi Miedema et al. 2024
G. †Arthropterygius Maxwell 2010
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†Arthropterygius chrisorum Russell 1993
†Arthropterygius hoybergeti Druckenmiller et al. 2012
†Arthropterygius lundi Robert et al. 2014
†Arthropterygius thalassonotus Campos et al. 2020
†Arthropterygius volgensis Kasansky 1903
G. †Baptanodon Seeley 1874
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†Baptanodon discus Marsh 1879
Invalid names: Sauranodon Marsh 1879 [replaced]
G. †Catutosaurus Fernández et al. 2021
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†Catutosaurus gaspariniae Fernández et al. 2021
G. †Gengasaurus Paparella et al. 2017
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†Gengasaurus nicosiai Paparella et al. 2017
G. †Keilhauia Delsett et al. 2017
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†Keilhauia nui Delsett et al. 2017
G. †Muiscasaurus Maxwell et al. 2015
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†Muiscasaurus catheti Maxwell et al. 2015
G. †Nannopterygius Huene 1923
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†Nannopterygius saveljeviensis Arkhangelsky 1997
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Invalid names: Nannopterygius kabanovi Efimov 1999 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ophthalmosaurinae Baur 1887
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G. †Acamptonectes Fischer et al. 2012
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†Acamptonectes densus Fischer et al. 2012
G. †Cryopterygius Druckenmiller et al. 2012
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†Cryopterygius kielanae Tyborowski 2016
†Cryopterygius kristiansenae Druckenmiller et al. 2012
G. †Jabalisaurus Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
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†Jabalisaurus meztli Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
G. †Janusaurus Robert et al. 2014
G. †Leninia Fischer et al. 2013
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†Leninia stellans Fischer et al. 2013
G. †Mollesaurus Fernandez 1999
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†Mollesaurus periallus Fernandez 1999
G. †Ophthalmosaurus Seeley 1874
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†Ophthalmosaurus discus Marsh 1879
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Invalid names: Microdontosaurus petersonii Gilmore 1902 [synonym]
†Ophthalmosaurus icenicus Seeley 1874
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Invalid names: Ancanamunia mendozana Rusconi 1940 [synonym], Ophthalmosaurus pleydelli Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
†Ophthalmosaurus marshi Knight 1903
†Ophthalmosaurus natans Marsh 1879
†Ophthalmosaurus reedi Gilmore 1907
†Ophthalmosaurus robustus Gilmore 1905
†Ophthalmosaurus yasykovi Efimov 1999
Invalid names: Ancanamunia Rusconi 1942 [synonym], Khudiakovia Arkhangelsky 1999 [synonym], Microdontosaurus Gilmore 1902 [synonym], Yasykovia Efimov 1999 [synonym]
G. †Palvennia Druckenmiller et al. 2012
G. †Paraophthalmosaurus Arkhangelsky 1997
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Invalid names: Paraophthalmosaurus saratoviensis Arkhangelsky 1998 [nomen dubium]
G. †Undorosaurus Efimov 1999
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†Undorosaurus nessovi Efimov 1999
†Undorosaurus trautscholdi Arkhangelsky and Zverkov 2014
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus brunsvicensis Broili 1909 [nomen dubium], Ophthalmosaurus cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Platypterygiinae Arkhangelsky 2001
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G. †Acuetzpalin Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2020
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†Acuetzpalin carranzai Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2020
G. †Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernandez 2000
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus trigonus posthumus Bauer 1898 [nomen dubium], Macropterygius posthumus Barthel 1990 [synonym], Macropterygius trigonus Owen 1840 [synonym]
G. †Athabascasaurus Druckenmiller and Maxwell 2010
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†Athabascasaurus bitumineus Druckenmiller and Maxwell 2010
G. †Brachypterygius Huene 1922
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†Brachypterygius alekseevi Arkhangelsky 2001
†Brachypterygius extremus Boulenger 1904
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Invalid names: Grendelius mordax McGowan 1976 [synonym]
†Brachypterygius mordax McGowan 1976
Invalid names: Brachypterygius cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium], Grendelius McGowan 1976 [synonym], Ochevia Arkhangelsky 2001 [synonym], Otschevia Efimov 1998 [synonym]
G. †Caypullisaurus Fernández 1997
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†Caypullisaurus bonapartei Fernández 1997
G. †Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell 2006
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†Maiaspondylus lindoei Maxwell and Caldwell 2006
G. †Parrassaurus Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
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†Parrassaurus yacahuitztli Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
G. †Pervushovisaurus Arkhangelsky 1998
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†Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis Arkhangelsky 1998
G. †Platypterygius von Huene 1922
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Invalid names: Myopterygius petersoni Nace 1941 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Myopterygius australis McCoy 1867 [synonym], Myopterygius marathonensis Etheridge 1888 [synonym], Platypterygius longmani Wade 1990 [synonym]
†Platypterygius hauthali von Huene 1927
†Platypterygius ochevi Arkhangelsky et al. 2008
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus hercynicus Kuhn 1946 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus marathonensis Etheridge 1888 [nomen dubium], Longirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym], Myobradypterygius von Huene 1927 [synonym], Myopterygius Huene 1922 [synonym], Plutoniosaurus Efimov 1997 [synonym], Tenuirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym]
G. †Simbirskiasaurus Otschev and Efimov 1985
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†Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi Otschev and Efimov 1985
G. †Sisteronia Fischer et al. 2014
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†Sisteronia seeleyi Fischer et al. 2014
G. †Sveltonectes Fischer et al. 2011
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†Sveltonectes insolitus Fischer et al. 2011
Invalid names: Baptanodontidae Marsh 1879 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus doughtyi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Platypterygiidae Bardet 1995 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
V. Fischer et al. 2013Thunnosaurian ichthyosaurs with reduced root striations, absence of a supratemporal–postorbital contact, loss of apical chevrons, presence of a prominent acromial process, and fused ischiopubis
B. C. Moon 2019The last common ancestor of Stenopterygius quadriscissus and Ophthalmosaurus icenicus, and all of its descendants [node-based] (Fischer et al. 2013).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2009-07-20 06:07:40
Modified: 2010-02-23 00:20:57
Source: o = order
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Aalenian to the top of the Cenomanian or 175.60000 to 93.90000 Ma

Collections (161 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7Greenland (Ostgronland) Ophthalmosaurus sp. (78929)
Late/Upper Aalenian - Early/Lower Bajocian175.6 - 168.4Argentina (Mendoza) Ophthalmosauria indet. (68557)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4Argentina (Neuquen) Chacaicosaurus cayi, Mollesaurus perihallus (140299) Mollesaurus periallus (102280)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4USA (Alaska) Ophthalmosaurinae indet. (142116)
Bajocian - Bathonian170.3 - 166.1Switzerland (Brugg) Argovisaurus martafernandezi (234449)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1France (Basse-Normandie) Ophthalmosauridae indet. (141169)
Bathonian - Oxfordian168.3 - 157.3USA (Wyoming) Baptanodon discus (32321 101200)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Russian Federation (Saratov) Khudiakovia calloviensis (142714)
Callovian - Oxfordian166.1 - 157.3United Kingdom (England) Ophthalmosaurus monocharactus (140700)
Middle Callovian164.7 - 161.2United Kingdom (England) Ophthalmosaurus icenicus (109800 133067 142299) Ophthalmosaurus sp. (105081 149244 149253)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus campylodon (49496)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France (Normandy) Platypterygius sp. (142837)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5India (Tamil Nadu) Platypterygius indicus (110178)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Texas) Platypterygius sp. (120507)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom Sisteronia seeleyi (166721)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Wyoming) Myopterygius petersoni (105791)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Russian Federation (Volgograd) Ichthyosauria indet. (92399)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Russian Federation (Saratov) Platypterygius bannovkensis (138038)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5India Platypterygius sp. (214382)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Germany (Bavaria) Platypterygius sp. (214381)