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Biparetis

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Furcitellidae

Taxonomy
Biparetis was named by Amsden (1974) [Sepkoski's age data: O Ashg-u S Ldov-l Sepkoski's reference number: 538,764,975]. Its type is Biparetis paucirugosus.

It was assigned to Laptaenidae by Amsden (1974); to Furcitellinae by Williams et al. (2000); and to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species
B. caledonia, B. paucirugosus (type species)

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1974Biparetis Amsden pp. 48 - 49
2000Biparetis Williams et al. p. 227
2002Biparetis Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
Lophophorata
PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classStrophomenataWilliams et al 1996
orderStrophomenidaOpik 1934
superfamilyStrophomenoideaKing 1846
familyFurcitellidae(Williams 1965)
genusBiparetis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Biparetis Amsden 1974
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Biparetis caledonia Cocks 2008
Biparetis paucirugosus Amsden 1974
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
T. W. Amsden 1974Unequally costellate shells with rugae developed on the postero-Iateral margins only, and with strong dorsally directed geniculation. The ventral foramen is apical in position and open at maturity (pI. 21, fig. Ic), and the delthyrium is partly closed by a convex pseudodeltidium (pI. 21, fig. 1 b). The teeth are supported on welldeveloped dental plates that extend forward to enclose the subcircular muscle area; accessory plates brace the teeth (pI. 21, figs. 1 a, 1 c). The adductor muscle scars make a linear, slightly elevated track and are almost completely enclosed by the diductors (pI. 21, fig. Ic). The cardinal process has a bilobed myophore that is partly covered at its posterior end by a chilidium (pI. 21, fig. 1 h); the base of the cardinal process flares laterally to form well-developed sockets. The teeth and sockets are crenulated (pI. 21, fig. 1 q; pI. 22, fig. 1 b). Just anterior to the cardinal process shaft are two high, winglike, laterally inclined plates that converge, but do not meet, near the middle of the valve (pI. 21, fig. ie, Iq); on some specimens a median septum is also present (pI. 22, fig. Ia)
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:13:23
Modified: 2009-04-13 11:03:33
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Hirnantian to the top of the Aeronian or 445.20000 to 438.50000 Ma

Collections (10 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Gamachian449.5 - 443.7USA (Missouri) B. paucirugosus (162507)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Canada (Yukon) B. paucirugosus (234053)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Russian Federation B. paucirugosus (152989)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8Canada (Quebec) B. paucirugosus (158624)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8United Kingdom (Wales) B. sp. (5072 5081 5082)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5United Kingdom (Wales) B. sp. (4933 4941)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5United Kingdom (Scotland) B. caledonia (153465)