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Ambulacraria
Taxonomy
Ambulacralia is an unranked clade.
It was corrected as Ambulacraria by Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Nielsen (2012).
It was assigned to Deuterostomia by Zrzavy et al. (1998), Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Nielsen (2012).
It was corrected as Ambulacraria by Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Nielsen (2012).
It was assigned to Deuterostomia by Zrzavy et al. (1998), Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Nielsen (2012).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1998 | Ambulacralia Zrzavy et al. |
| 2011 | Ambulacraria Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 2012 | Ambulacraria Nielsen p. 316 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Ambulacraria
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Unr. †Cambroernids Caron et al. 2010
+
Fm. †Eldoniidae Walcott 1911
+
G. †Eldonia Walcott 1911
+
†Eldonia berbera Alessandrello and Bracchi 2003
†Eldonia ludwigi Walcott 1911
Invalid names: Stellostomites Sun and Hou 1987 [synonym]
G. †Rotadiscus Sun and Hou 1987
+
†Rotadiscus grandis Sun and Hou 1987
†Rotadiscus guizhouensis Zhao and Zhu 1994
Invalid names: Brzechowia Dzik 1991 [synonym]
Ph. Echinodermata Klein 1754
+
Subph. †Blastozoa Sprinkle 1973
+
Superfm. †Asteroblastida Bather 1900
+
Fm. †Asteroblastidae Bather 1900
+
G. †Asteroblastus d'Eichwald 1862
G. †Asterocystis
G. †Metasterocystis
Cl. †Blastoidea Say 1825 [blastoid]
+
Or. †Fissiculata Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Angulatoblastus Macurda, Jr. 1979
G. †Artuschisma Macurda 1983
Fm. †Astrocrinidae Austin and Austin, Jr. 1843
Fm. †Brachyschismatidae Fay 1961
Fm. †Codasteridae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Dolichoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Kazachstanoblastus Arendt et al. 1968
G. †Leptoschisma Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Mastoblastus Arendt et al. 1969
Fm. †Neoschismatidae Wanner 1940
Fm. †Orophocrinidae Jaekel 1918
G. †Pachyblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
Fm. †Phaenoschismatidae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Tympanoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Xenoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
Or. †Granatocrinida Bather 1900
+
Fm. †Granatocrinidae Fay 1961
Fm. †Schizoblastidae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Lysocystites
G. †Zygocrinus Bronn 1848
Cl. Crinoidea Miller 1821 [Sea lily]
+
G. †Aspidocrinus Hall 1858
+
†Aspidocrinus digitatus Hall 1858
†Aspidocrinus scutelliformis Hall 1858
G. †Balearocrinus Bourrouilh and Termier 1974
Subcl. †Camerata Wachsmuth and Springer 1885
+
G. †Becharocrinus Termier and Termier 1956
G. †Coronocrinus Hall 1858
G. †Craspedocrinus Dahmer 1922
G. †Eknomocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003
Infracl. †Eucamerata Cole 2017
G. †Helicocrinus
G. †Katarocrinus
G. †Laubeocrinus
G. †Mitrocrinus
G. †Phillipsocrinus
Fm. †Reteocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1885
Invalid names: Hexacrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1885 [empty], Melocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer [empty], Rhodocrinidae Roemer 1855 [empty]
G. †Communicrinus
G. †Cyclocaudex Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Cyclocrista Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Cyclocyclicus Yeltysheva 1955
G. †Cycloscapus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Dazhucrinus Mu and Wu 1974
G. †Dulanocrinus Stukalina and Tuyutyan 1970
G. †Dwortsowaecrinus Stukalina 1967
Fm. †Exaesiodiscidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Cyclostelechus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Exaesiodiscus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Flexicrinus Stukalina and Tuyutyan 1970
Fm. †Floricyclidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Acbastaucrinus Sisova 1979
G. †Cyclocion Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Floripila Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Flucticharax Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Gemmacrinus Prokop and Petr 1989
G. †Glyphidocrinus Dubatolova 1971
G. †Heterostelechus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Lamprosterigma Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Lichenocrinus Hall 1866
+
†Lichenocrinus crateriformis Hall 1872
†Lichenocrinus obliquus Ulrich 1925
†Lichenocrinus subaequalis Foerste 1914
G. †Malovicrinus Stukalina 1968
G. †Mastocrinus Wanner 1956
G. †Mooreanteris Moore 1968
G. †Multifidocrinus
G. †Ordinacrinus
G. †Pandocrinus Stukalina 1965
Subcl. Pentacrinoidea Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Apektocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2009
Infracl. Inadunata Wachsmuth and Springer 1897
G. †Pentagonocyclicus Yeltysheva and Shevchenko 1960
+
†Pentagonocyclicus lamonti Donovan et al. 2011
G. †Pentagonopterix
G. †Pentaridica Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Preptopremnum Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Salairocrinus Dubatolova 1971
Fm. †Stenocrinidae Dubatolova 1971
+
G. †Calleocrinus Dubatolova 1971
G. †Stenocrinus Dubatolova 1971
G. †Tatjanicrinus
G. †Tetragonocyclicus Dubatolova 1964
G. †Tetralobocrinus Dubatolova 1971
G. †Torrocrinus
G. †Webericrinus
G. †Zeravschanocrinus Schewtschenko 1966
Invalid names: Acariaeocrinus Biese 1935 [nomen dubium], Carpenterocrinus Clark 1908 [nomen dubium], Cyclomischidae Moore and Jeffords 1968 [empty], Dentiferocrinidae Stukalina 1977 [empty], Echmatocrinida [empty], Entrochus rotiformis Koken 1900 [nomen dubium], Gasterometra Gislen 1925 [invalid subgroup], Picteticrinus Etallon 1857 [nomen nudum], Protocrinoidea Guensberg and Sprinkle 2003 [empty], Waikaripites Eagle 2005 [nomen nudum]
Cl. †Diploporita Müller 1854
+
G. †Batalleria
G. †Brightonicystis
G. †Destombesia
Fm. †Parasphaeronitiidae Bockelie 1984
+
G. †Pachycystis Bockelie 1984
G. †Parasphaeronites Bockelie 1984
G. †Pemphocystis
G. †Proteocystites Barrande 1887
Invalid names: Aristocystitoida Neumayr 1889 [empty], Glyptosphaeritidacea Bernard 1895 [empty], Seriolata Jaekel 1918 [empty]
Cl. †Eocrinoidea Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Acanthocystites Barrande 1887
Or. †Ascocystitida
+
G. †Cambrocrinus Orlowski 1968
G. †Eocystites Billings 1868
G. †Eustypocystis Sprinkle 1973
G. †Nolichuckia Sprinkle 1973
G. †Pareocrinus Yakovlev 1956
Fm. †Rhopalocystidae Ubaghs 1967
G. †Balantiocystis Chauvel 1966
G. †Bolboporites Pander 1830
+
†Bolboporites americanus Billings 1859
†Bolboporites uncinata Pander 1830
Invalid names: Bolboporites Pander 1830 [objective synonym]
G. †Cigara
Or. †Gogiida Broadhead 1982
+
Fm. †Eocrinidae Jaekel 1918
Fm. †Lyracystidae Sprinkle and Collins 2006
G. †Wudingeocrinus Luo et al. 2008
G. †Hexedriocystis Sumrall and Zamora 2011
+
†Hexedriocystis inexpectans Sumrall and Zamora 2011
†Hexedriocystis mimus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Lapillocystites
Fm. †Palaeocystitidae Ubaghs 1967
+
G. †Bromidocystis Sprinkle 1982
G. †Palaeocystites
G. †Schuchertocystis
G. †Paracryptocrinites Rozhnov and Federov 2001
G. †Pilocystites
G. †Polyptychella
Fm. †Rhipidocystidae Jaekel 1901
+
G. †Batherocystis Bassler 1950
G. †Durhamicystis Zamora et al. 2020
G. †Mandalocystis Lewis et al. 1987
G. †Petalocystites Sprinkle 1973
G. †Rhipidocystis Jaekel 1901
Invalid names: Imbricata Sprinkle 1973 [empty]
Or. †Glyptosphaeritida Bernard 1895
+
Fm. †Dactylocystidae Jaekel 1899
+
G. †Dactylocystis Jaekel 1899
G. †Estonocystis Jaekel 1918
G. †Revalocystis
Fm. †Eumorphocystidae Branson and Peck 1940
+
Fm. †Protocrinitidae Bather 1899
+
G. †Fungocystites Barrande 1887
G. †Protocrinites Eichwald 1840
G. †Tristomiocystis Sumrall et al. 2009
Cl. †Lepidocystoidea Durham 1967
+
Fm. †Lepidocystidae Durham 1967
+
G. †Kinzercystis Sprinkle 1973
G. †Lepidocystis Foerste 1938
G. †Vyscystis Fatka and Kordule 1990
Or. †Parablastoidea Hudson 1907
+
Fm. †Blastocystidae Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Blastocystis
G. †Blastoidocrinus Billings 1859
G. †Eurekablastus Sprinkle and Sumrall 2008
G. †Parabolablastus Sprinkle and Sumrall 2008
G. †Meristoschisma
Cl. †Paracrinoidea Regnell 1945
+
Or. †Comarocystitida Parsley and Mintz 1975
+
Fm. †Achradocystitidae Stukalina and Hintz 1989
Fm. †Amygdalocystitidae Jaekel 1900
Fm. †Comarocystitidae Bather 1899
G. †Ovulocystites
Or. †Platycystitida
+
Fm. †Bistomiacystitidae Sprinkle and Parsley 1982
Fm. †Malocystitidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Platycystitidae Parsley and Mintz 1975
Fm. †Springerocystidae Bassler 1950
+
G. †Columbocystis Bassler 1950
G. †Foerstecystis Bassler 1950
G. †Springerocystis Bassler 1950
Or. †Rhombifera Zittel 1879
+
Superfm. †Caryocystitida Jaekel 1918
+
Fm. †Caryocystitidae Jaekel 1918
Invalid names: Ulrichocystidae Paul 1972 [empty]
Fm. †Dibrachicystidae Zamora and Smith 2011
+
G. †Dibrachicystis Zamora and Smith 2011
G. †Vizcainoia Zamora and Smith 2011
Or. †Glyptocystitida Bather 1899
+
Fm. †Barroubiocystidae Ubaghs 1999
G. †Lemoneites Flower 1969
G. †Sanducystis Zamora et al. 2017
Superfm. †Glyptocystitoida Bather 1899
+
Fm. †Callocystitidae Bernard 1895
Fm. †Cheirocrinidae Jaekel 1899
Fm. †Cuniculocystidae Sprinkle and Wahlman 1994
Fm. †Cystoblastidae Jaekel 1899
Fm. †Glyptocystitidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Macrocystellidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Pleurocystitidae Neumayr 1889
Fm. †Rhombiferidae Kesling 1962
G. †Pirocystella
Superfm. †Polycosmitida Jaekel 1918
+
Invalid names: Polycosmitidae Jaekel 1918 [empty], Stichocystidae Jaekel 1918 [empty]
G. †Thomacystis
Invalid names: Glyptocystitidacea Bather 1899 [empty], Pleurocystitida Jell 1983 [empty]
Cl. †Rhombifera Zittel 1879
+
Superfm. †Hemicosmitoida Jaekel 1918
+
Fm. †Caryocrinitidae Bassler 1938
Fm. †Hemicosmitidae Jaekel 1918
Fm. †Heterocystitidae Jaekel 1918
Cl. †Soluta Jaekel 1900
+
G. †Coleicarpus Daley 1996
+
†Coleicarpus sprinklei Daley 1996
+
Invalid names: Castericystis sprinklei Ubaghs and Robison 1988 [objective synonym]
Or. †Syringocrinida Parsley and Caster 1965
+
G. †Castericystis Ubaghs and Robison 1985
G. †Drepanocystis Sumrall et al. 1997
Fm. †Minervaecystidae Ubaghs and Caster 1967
G. †Pahvanticystis Lefebvre and Lerosey-Aubril 2018
Fm. †Plasiacystidae Prokop and Petr 2004
G. †Syringocrinus
Superfm. †Sphaeronitida Neumayr 1889
+
Fm. †Aristocystitidae Bassler 1938
+
G. †Amphoracystis
Subfm. †Aristocystitinae Neumayr 1894
G. †Baculocystites
Subfm. †Calicinae Chauvel 1966
G. †Calix Rouault 1878
G. †Campylostoma Dreyfuss 1939
G. †Hippocystis
G. †Pachycalix
G. †Prokopius Paul 2018
G. †Sinocystis
G. †Triamara Tillman 1967
Fm. †Holocystitidae Miller 1889
+
G. †Holocystites Hall 1864
G. †Paulicystis Frest et al. 2011
G. †Pentacystis Paul 1971
G. †Pustulocystis Paul 1971
G. †Trematocystis
Invalid names: Trematocystinae Frest and Strimple 2011 [empty]
Fm. †Sphaeronitidae Neumayr 1889
+
G. †Allocystites
G. †Archaegocystis Jaekel 1899
G. †Archegocystis
G. †Barbieria
G. †Bulbocystis
G. †Codiacystis
G. †Diplosphaeronis Paul 1973
G. †Eucystis Angelin 1878
+
Invalid names: Austrocystites Brown 1963 [synonym], Carpocystites [synonym], Palmacystis Haeckel 1896 [synonym], Proteocystites Barrande 1887 [synonym]
G. †Haplosphaeronis Jaekel 1926
G. †Paleosphaeronites Prokop 1964
G. †Sphaeronites Hisinger 1828
G. †Tetreucystis Bockelie 1984
G. †Tholocystis
Cl. †Cincta Jaekel 1918
+
Fm. †Gyrocystidae Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Gyrocystis Jaekel 1918
+
†Gyrocystis badulesiensis Friedrich 1993
†Gyrocystis barrandei Munier-Chalmas et al. 1889
†Gyrocystis cruzae Gil Cid and DomÃnguez Alonso 1995
†Gyrocystis erecta Friedrich 1993
†Gyrocystis platessa Jaekel 1918
+
Invalid names: Gyrocystis hispanica Gislen 1927 [synonym], Gyrocystis praeellipticus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
†Gyrocystis testudiformis Friedrich 1993
Invalid names: Decacystis [synonym]
Fm. †Rozanovicystidae Rozhnov 2006
+
Fm. †Sucocystidae Friedrich 1993
+
G. †Elliptocinctus Termier and Termier 1973
+
†Elliptocinctus barrandei Munier-Chalmas et al. 1889
+
Invalid names: Elliptocinctus labiatus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
†Elliptocinctus vizcainoi Friedrich 1995
G. †Sucocystis Cabibel et al. 1959
+
†Sucocystis bretoni Friedrich 1993
†Sucocystis maroccana Termier and Termier 1973
†Sucocystis theronensis Cabibel et al. 1959
+
Invalid names: Sucocystis subcircularis Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cyclocinctus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym], Trochocinctus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
G. †Undatacinctus Smith and Zamora 2009
+
†Undatacinctus acrofera Friedrich 1993
†Undatacinctus melendezi Schroeder 1973
+
Invalid names: Sucocystis pardailhanicus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
†Undatacinctus quadricornuta Friedrich 1993
†Undatacinctus undata Friedrich 1993
G. †Cornuvacites Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Cornuvacites florealis Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Cornuvacites irregularis Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Cornuvacites symmetricus Kozur and Mostler 1972
Cl. †Ctenocystoidea Robison and Sprinkle 1969
+
G. †Conollia Dominquez Alonso 2004
+
†Conollia sporranoides Rahman et al. 2015
†Conollia staffordi Dominquez Alonso 2004
Or. †Ctenocystoida Ubaghs and Robison 1988
+
Fm. †Jugoszoviidae Dzik and Orlowski 1995
+
Cl. †Cyclocystoidea Miller and Gurley 1895
+
Fm. †Apycnodiscidae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Concavocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Concavocycloides eifeliensis Boczarowski 2001
†Concavocycloides frasniensis Boczarowski 2001
†Concavocycloides givetiensis Boczarowski 2001
Fm. †Cyclocystoididae Miller 1882
+
G. †Apycnodiscus Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Apycnodiscus decussatum Begg 1934
†Apycnodiscus insularis Regnell 1945
G. †Cyclocystoides Salter and Billings 1858
+
†Cyclocystoides halli Billings 1858
†Cyclocystoides latus Smith and Paul 1982
†Cyclocystoides scammaphoris Smith and Paul 1982
†Cyclocystoides tholicos Smith and Paul 1982
G. †Diastocycloides Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Diastocycloides nitidus Faber 1886
†Diastocycloides stauromorphus Smith and Paul 1982
G. †Polytryphocycloides Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Polytryphocycloides billingsi Wilson 1946
†Polytryphocycloides davisii Salter 1858
†Polytryphocycloides depressus Billings 1858
†Polytryphocycloides grandis Smith and Paul 1982
†Polytryphocycloides huronensis Billings 1865
†Polytryphocycloides lindstroemi Regnell 1945
G. †Sievertsia Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Sievertsia concava Smith and Paul 1982
†Sievertsia devonica Sieverts-Doreck 1951
†Sievertsia gotus Prokop 1980
†Sievertsia tartas Prokop 1980
G. †Zygocycloides Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Zygocycloides magnus Miller and Dyer 1878
+
Invalid names: Cyclocystoides bellulus Miller and Dyer 1878 [synonym], Cyclocystoides minus Miller and Dyer 1878 [synonym]
†Zygocycloides marstoni Salter 1865
+
Invalid names: Cyclocystoides caractaci Etheridge 1939 [synonym]
†Zygocycloides raymondi Foerste 1920
†Zygocycloides variabilis Smith and Paul 1982
Cl. †Edrioasteroidea Billings 1858
+
G. †Camptostroma Ruedemann 1933
+
†Camptostroma roddyi Ruedemann 1933
Invalid names: Camptostroma Ruedemann 1933 [replaced]
Or. †Cyathocystida Bell 1975
+
Or. †Edrioasterida Bell 1976
+
G. †Aepyaster
Subor. †Edrioblastoidina Fay 1962
+
Fm. †Astrocystitidae Bassler 1935
Fm. †Rhenopyrgidae Holloway and Jell 1983
G. †Edriophus
G. †Lampteroblastus
G. †Paredriophus
G. †Stromatocystites Pompeckj 1896
+
†Stromatocystites pentangularis Pompeckj 1896
+
Invalid names: Stromatocystites balticus Jaekel 1899 [synonym], Stromatocystites flexibilis Parsley and Prokop 2004 [synonym]
†Stromatocystites reduncus Smith and Jell 1990
†Stromatocystites walcotti Schuchert 1919
Or. †Edrioblastoida Fay 1962
+
G. †Cambroblastus Smith and Jell 1990
+
†Cambroblastus enubilatus Smith and Jell 1990
†Cambroblastus guolensis Zhu et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cambroblastus Smith and Jell 1990 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Hemicystitidae Bassler 1936
+
G. †Anglidiscus Regnéll 1950
G. †Carneyella Forste 1916
G. †Cincinnatidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Cystaster Hall 1871
G. †Foerstediscus Bassler 1935
G. †Hemicystites Hall 1852
G. †Lebetodiscus Bather 1908
G. †Lepidoconia Wilson 1946
G. †Timeischytes Ehlers and Kesling 1958
Or. †Isorophida
+
Fm. †Agelacrinitidae Clarke 1901
+
G. †Agelacrinites Vanuxem 1842
Subfm. †Agelacrinitinae Chapman 1860
G. †Bellastrella Müller et al. 2013
G. †Cooperidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Dinocystis Bather 1898
Subfm. †Discocystinae Sumrall 1996
G. †Hystrichopsydrax Guensburg 1988
G. †Krama
G. †Lepidodiscus Meek and Worthen 1868
G. †Neoisorophusella Kammer 1987
G. †Postibulla
Subfm. †Postibullinae Sumrall 2000
G. †Savagella
G. †Thresherodiscus Foerste 1914
G. †Ulrichidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Cryptogoleus
G. †Curvitriordo
G. †Deltadiscus Guensberg and Sprinkle 1994
G. †Floridiscus
G. †Giganticlavus
G. †Hadrochthus
G. †Rectitriordo
G. †Stalticodiscus
Subor. †Isorophina Bell 1976
+
Fm. †Isorophidae Bell 1976
+
G. †Euryeschatia Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Isorophus Foerste 1916
G. †Isorophusella Bassler 1935
Fm. †Isorophinidae Sumrall and Zamora 2011
+
Fm. †Pyrgocystidae Kesling 1967
+
G. †Archaepyrgus
G. †Argodiscus Prokop 1965
+
†Argodiscus espilezorum Sumrall and Zamora 2011
†Argodiscus hornyi Prokop 1965
G. †Epipaston
G. †Fanulodiscus
G. †Pyrgocystis Bather 1915
+
†Pyrgocystis cylindrica Aurivillius 1892
†Pyrgocystis procera Aurivillius 1892
†Pyrgocystis sardesoni Bather 1915
†Pyrgocystis sulcata Aurivillius 1892
†Pyrgocystis varia Aurivillius 1892
G. †Streptaster Hall 1872
+
†Streptaster nodosus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
†Streptaster vorticellatus Hall 1866
Fm. †Stromatocystitidae Bassler 1936
+
G. †Cambraster Cabibel et al. 1958
+
†Cambraster cannati Miquel 1894
†Cambraster tastudorum Jell et al. 1985
G. †Stromatocyctites Pompeck 1896
G. †Walcottidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Xenocystites Bassler 1936
Fm. †Yorkicystitidae Zamora et al. 2022
+
Invalid names: Cyathothecidae Jaekel 1927 [empty], Stromatocystitida [empty]
Subph. Eleutherozoa Bell 1891
+
Unr. Asterozoa von Zittel 1895
+
Cl. Asteroidea de Blainville 1830 [sea star]
+
Subcl. Ambuloasteroidea Blake and Hagdorn 2003
Or. Cryptozonia Sladen 1889
Or. †Euaxosida Blake 2018
Or. †Hadrosida Blake 2018
G. †Hunsrueckaster Lehmann 1957
Or. †Kermasida Blake 2018
G. †Lepidasterella Schuchert 1914
Or. †Phanerozoma
Or. Phanerozonida Sladen 1889
Or. †Platyasterida Spencer 1951
G. Pleuraster Agassiz 1836
G. †Proactis Spencer 1914
G. †Protarthraster Spencer 1918
Or. †Pustulosida Spencer 1951
G. †Silicaster Kesling 1969
G. †Trichotaster Wright 1880
G. †Yarravaster Spencer 1950
Invalid names: Arthrasteridae Spencer 1918 [empty], Euasteroidea Sladen 1889 [empty], Neopalaeasteridae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Schuchertiidae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Spinulosacea Blake 1987 [empty]
Cl. †Ophiocistioidea Sollas 1899
+
G. †Branzoviella Prokop and Petr 2002
Fm. †Eucladidae Gregory 1897
Fm. †Linguaserridae Reich and Haude 2004
Fm. †Rhenosquamidae Richter 1930
Fm. †Rotasacciidae Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
Fm. †Sollasinidae Fedotov 1926
Fm. †Volchoviidae Hecker 1938
Cl. Ophiuroidea Gray 1840 [brittle star]
+
G. †Ataxaster Jaekel 1903
G. †Calclyra Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Calyptactis Spencer 1930
Fm. †Cheiropterasteridae Spencer 1934
Fm. †Encrinasteridae Schuchert 1914
+
Invalid names: Aspidosomatidae Gregory 1899 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Euzonosomatidae Spencer 1930
G. †Lumectaster Jell 1997
G. †Muldaster Thuy et al. 2022 [brittle star]
Subor. Myophiurina Matsumoto 1915
G. †Nodolanx
Or. Oegophiurida Matsumoto 1915
G. †Ophiaulaxoides Yang and Nie 1982
G. †Ophioma Pomel 1885
G. †Ophiopetagno Thuy et al. 2022
G. †Ophiotrigonum Hess 1960
G. †Ophiurella Agassiz 1836
Subcl. Ophiuridea Gray 1840
Or. Phrynophiurida Matsumoto 1915
Fm. †Stenasteridae Schuchert 1914
Invalid names: Calclyridae Frizzell and Exline 1955 [empty], Hallasteridae Spencer 1925 [empty], Myophiuridadup Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Oegophiuridea Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Oegophiuroida Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Zygophiurae [empty]
Cl. †Somasteroidea Spencer 1951
+
G. †Archegonaster Jaekel 1923
G. †Cantabrigiaster Hunter and Ortega-Hernández 2021
G. †Catervaparmaster Blake 2000
Or. †Goniactinida Spencer 1951
Invalid names: Archegonasteridae Spencer 1951 [empty]
Cl. †Stenuroidea Spencer 1951
+
G. †Acinetaster Kesling 1982
G. †Echinasterella Stürtz 1890
Fm. †Embolasteridae Blake 2008
G. †Hystrigaster Lehmann 1957
G. †Jaekelaster Stürtz 1899
Fm. †Klasmuridae Spencer 1925
G. †Lehmannaster Blake et al. 2016
G. †Lopidiaster Blake et al. 2016
G. †Maydena Jell 2014
G. †Palasteriscus Stürtz 1886
Subor. †Parophiurina Jaekel 1923
Subor. †Proturina Spencer and Wright 1966
G. †Ptilonaster Hall 1868
G. †Stuertzaster Etheridge 1899
Invalid names: Eophiuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Palaeuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Scalarina Hotchkiss 1976 [empty]
Invalid names: Catervaparmasteridae Blake 2000 [empty], Eopentaroida Dean Shackleton 2005 [empty], Stelleroidea Gregory 1900 [objective synonym]
Unr. †Echinozoa von Zittel 1895
+
Cl. Echinoidea Leske 1778 [sea urchin]
+
Fm. †Archaeocidaridae M'Coy 1844
G. †Bromidechinus Smith and Savill 2001
Or. †Cassiduloidea
Subcl. Cidaroidea Claus 1880
Fm. †Corystusidae International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2009
+
Invalid names: Corystidae Foster and Philip 1978 [replaced]
Or. †Disasteroida
Or. Echinoida Troschel 1872
Subcl. Euechinoidea Bronn 1860
Or. Exocycloida Jackson
G. Parechinus Mortensen 1903
Subcl. †Perischoechinoidea M'Coy 1849
Subcl. Regularia Latreille 1825
G. †Strechoritina Kozur and Mostler 1972
Or. Temnopleuroida Mortensen 1942
G. †Uvanogelia Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Yunnanechinus Thompson et al. 2018
Invalid names: Acrosalenioida Vadet 1999 [empty], Centrechinoida Jackson [empty], Cidaris aculeata Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Cidaris aialensis Kier 1977 [nomen dubium], Cidaris alpina Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris alternata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris austriaca Desor 1858 [nomen dubium], Cidaris avena Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris biconica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris biformis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris braunii Desor 1847 [nomen dubium], Cidaris buchii Münster 1833 [nomen dubium], Cidaris caudex Stoppani 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris cingulata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris coralliophila Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costalarensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costeanensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris decorata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris decoratissima von Wöhrmann 1889 [nomen dubium], Cidaris dorsata Braun 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris ecki Assmann 1926 [nomen dubium], Cidaris forminensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris fustis Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris glabra Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris hausmanni Wissmann 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris lanceata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris linearis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris milierensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris ovata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris perplexa Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris petersii Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris plana Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris pyramidalis Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Cidaris quadrialata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris quadriserrata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris regnyi Lambert 1905 [nomen dubium], Cidaris remifera Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris remifera Assmann 1937 [nomen dubium], Cidaris reticulata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris schwageri von Wöhrmann 1889 [nomen dubium], Cidaris scrobiculata Braun 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris seelandica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris semicostata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris similis Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris spinachristi Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris spongiosa Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris stipes Stoppani 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris stoppanii de Loriol 1872 [nomen dubium], Cidaris sulcata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris tenuicostata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris tetraedrica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris trapezoidalis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris trigona Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris triserrata Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris undulatus Quenstedt 1875 [nomen dubium], Cidaris valparolae Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris verticillata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris verticillata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris waechteri Wissmann 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris wissmanni Desor 1847 [nomen dubium], Cidaris zardini Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Dallonia Lambert 1920 [nomen nudum], Diplocidaroida Vadet 1988 [empty], Echinopluteus Mortensen 1897 [nomen nudum], Exocycloidea [empty], Gajechinus Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [nomen nudum], Gnathostomata von Zittel 1879 [empty], Hemicidaris gracilis Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Hemicidaris obliquelineata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Oligopygoida [empty], Ombria Quenstedt 1874 [nomen nudum], Plegiocidaris senex Lambert 1900 [nomen dubium], Pleurechinus Agassiz 1841 [nomen nudum], Protocidaris de Gregorio 1930 [nomen dubium], Radiolus Auctorum [invalid subgroup], Radiolus adametzi Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus alutensis Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus antipai Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus boletus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus complanatus Quenstedt 1875 [nomen dubium], Radiolus culter Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus festuca Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus fusus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus herbichi Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus lineola Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus penna Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus racadaui Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus raiblianus Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus rostratus Korner 1937 [nomen dubium], Radiolus segmentatus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Vernius de Gregorio 1930 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Helicocystitidae Smith and Zamora 2013
+
Cl. †Helicoplacoidea Durham and Caster 1963
+
Fm. †Helicoplacidae Durham and Caster 1966
+
G. †Helicoplacus Durham and Caster 1963
+
†Helicoplacus gilberti Durham and Caster 1963
+
Invalid names: Helicoplacus casteri Durham 1993 [synonym], Helicoplacus curtisi Durham and Caster 1963 [synonym], Helicoplacus everndeni Durham 1967 [synonym], Helicoplacus guthi Durham 1993 [synonym], Westgardella blancoensis Durham 1993 [synonym], Westgardella firbyi Durham 1967 [synonym]
Invalid names: Westgardella Durham 1993 [synonym]
Invalid names: Helicoplacida Durham 1967 [empty], Polyplacida Durham 1967 [empty], Westgardellidae Durham 1993 [invalid subgroup]
Cl. Holothuroidea de Blainville 1834 [sea cucumber]
+
Fm. †Alexandritidae Kristan-Tollmann 1964
+
Or. Apodida Brandt 1835
+
Fm. †Calcancoridae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Calcancoroidea Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Costigerites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Holothuriopsis Hess 1973
Fm. Myriotrochidae Théel 1877
+
G. †Acanthotheelia Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Gagesiniotrochus Boczarowski 2001
G. †Hemisphaeranthos Terquem and Berthelin 1875
Unr. †Paleochiridotidae Frizzell and Exline 1966
G. †Thalattocanthus Carini 1962
G. †Trematrochus Reich 2002
G. Myriotrochus Steenstrup 1851
G. †Porachistrum Beckmann 1965
Fm. Synaptidae Burmeister 1837
+
G. Calcancora Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. Chiridota Eschscholtz 1829
G. †Prosynapta Spandel 1898
G. †Pseudocaudina Broili 1926
G. †Rigaudites Frizzell and Exline 1957
G. Synapta Eschscholtz 1829
Fm. †Synaptitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Auricularites Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
G. †Croneisites Frizzell and Exline 1957
G. Synaptites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
Or. †Arthrochirotida Seilacher 1961
+
Or. Aspidochirotida Brandt 1835
+
Fm. Holothuriidae Ludwig 1894
+
G. †Holothuria Linnaeus 1767
G. †Labidodemas Selenka 1867
G. †Pravuscucumis Reich 2001
G. †Protholothuria Giebel 1857
G. †Holothuropsis
G. †Ornaticannula Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Ornaticannula bonhourei Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Ornaticannula micralcyonarites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Ornaticannula solida Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Ornaticannula tesseyrei Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Parvispina Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
+
†Parvispina harpago Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Parvispina spinosa Frizzell and Exline 1955
Invalid names: Stichopodidae [empty]
Fm. †Chiridotitidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1957
+
G. †Chiridotites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Chiridotites angulatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites atavus Waagen 1867
†Chiridotites clavatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites curriculum Schlumberger 1890
†Chiridotites floridus Terquem and Berthelin 1875
†Chiridotites ingens Joshua 1914
†Chiridotites lanceolatus Schlumberger 1890
†Chiridotites quinquelobatus Terquem 1866
†Chiridotites terquemi Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites vetustus Schwager 1865
G. †Myriotrochites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Myriotrochites gracillimus Whidborne 1883
†Myriotrochites helveticus Kübler and Zwingli 1870
†Myriotrochites operculum Schlumberger 1890
G. †Conisia
G. †Crucivirga
Or. Dactylochirotida Pawson and Fell 1965
+
Invalid names: Rhopalodinidae Theel 1886 [empty], Vaneyellidae Pawson and Fell 1965 [empty]
Or. Dendrochirotida Grube 1840
+
G. †Andenothyone
G. Binoculites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Binoculites barnardi Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Binoculites inclinatus Mostler 1972
†Binoculites issleri Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Binoculites jurassica Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Binoculites multiperforata Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Binoculites perforatus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Binoculites terquemi Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Binoculites irregularis Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym], Calclamna germanica Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym]
†Binoculites tornatus Mostler 1972
Invalid names: Cucumariopsis Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
Fm. †Calclamnidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Calclamna Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Calclamnella Frizzell and Exline 1955
Subfm. †Calclamninae Boczarowski 2001
G. †Calclamnoidea Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Curvatella Mostler 1971
G. †Elgerius Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
Subfm. †Eocaudiniinae Boczarowski 2001
G. †Fissobractites Kristan-Tollmann 1963
G. †Gutschickia Mostler 1971
G. †Hamptonina Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Harrisina Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Hodsonina Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Jolfacaudina Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
G. †Mortensenites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
G. †Pachopsites Kristan-Tollmann 1964
G. †Paracucumarites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Parvioctoidus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Petropegia Summerson and Campbell 1958
G. †Praecaudina Mostler 1970
G. †Thuroholia Gutschick 1954
G. †Yorkshirella Soodan and Whatley 1990
Fm. †Cucumariidae
+
G. Cucumaria de Blainville 1830
Subfm. †Devonothyoninae Boczarowski 2001
Subfm. †Palaeohemioedemiinae Boczarowski 2001
G. †Paleopentacta Applegate et al. 2009
Subfm. †Staurocaudininae Boczarowski 2001
Fm. Heterothyonidae Pawson 1970
+
G. †Porosothyone Jell 2010
G. †Strobilothyone Smith and Gallemi 1991
G. †Priscoligula
G. †Priscopedatoides
Fm. Psolidae Perrier 1902
+
G. †Ceto Gistel 1848
Subfm. †Monilipsolinae Smith and Gallemi 1991
G. †Parapsolus Applegate et al. 2009
G. †Psolidum Ludwig 1886
G. †Psolus Oken 1815
Fm. †Schlumbergeritidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Amphitriodites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Schlumbergerites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Invalid names: Placothuriidae Pawson and Fell 1965 [empty], Sclerodactylidae [empty]
Or. Elasipodida Théel 1882
+
Invalid names: Deimatidae [empty], Elpidiidae Theel 1882 [empty], Laetmogonidae Ekman 1926 [empty], Pelagothuriidae Ludwig 1893 [empty], Psychropotidae [empty]
Fm. †Etheridgellidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Dictyobractites Kristan-Tollmann 1972
G. †Etheridgella Croneis and McCormack 1932
+
†Etheridgella biconvexa Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Etheridgella pentagonia Kristan-Tollmann 1963
†Etheridgella porosa Croneis and McCormack 1932
G. †Frizzellus Hampton 1958
+
†Frizzellus donofrioi Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Frizzellus irregularis Hampton 1958
Fm. †Kuehnitidae Mostler 1968
+
G. †Kuehnites Mostler 1968
+
†Kuehnites aequiperforatus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites andrusovi Kozur and Mock 1972
†Kuehnites dumosus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites hallstattensis Mostler 1971
†Kuehnites inaequalis Mostler 1969
†Kuehnites serratus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites slovakensis Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Kuehnites spiniperforatus Zawidzka 1971
†Kuehnites turgidus Mostler 1972
G. Laetmophasma Ludwig 1894
Or. Molpadiida Haeckel 1896
+
Fm. †Exlinellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Exlinella Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Jordanocaudina Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
G. †Pedatopriscus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Pseudoexlinella Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
Fm. Molpadiidae Müller 1850
+
G. Calcligula Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. Molpadia Risso 1826 [rat-tailed sea cucumber]
G. †Priscolongatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
Invalid names: Caudinidae [empty], Gephyrothuriidae [empty]
Fm. †Priscopedatidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Brianella Huddleston 1982
+
†Brianella acuta Soodan 1975
†Brianella giganta Soodan 1975
Invalid names: Fletcherina Soodan 1975 [replaced]
G. †Centripedatus Mostler 1996
+
†Centripedatus callosus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus inaequiperforatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus scheibelbergensis Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus undulatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus unkenensis Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. Dictyothurites Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
+
†Dictyothurites corbisema Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Dictyothurites spatuligerus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
G. Feddenella Soodan 1975
G. †Hexapriscopedatus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
+
†Hexapriscopedatus reichi Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subcircularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subquadratus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subtriangularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
G. †Kristanella Krainer and Mostler 1997
+
†Kristanella latidentata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Kristanella liassica Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Octopedatus Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
+
†Octopedatus densusmaculis Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
G. †Praethyonidium Mostler 1996
G. Priscopedatus Schlumberger 1890
+
†Priscopedatus acutus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus aegyptiacus Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus affinis Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Priscopedatus anceps Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus anguliferus Zankl 1966
†Priscopedatus apertus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus apertus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus artus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus aspergillum Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus asymmetricus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus batoniensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus bogschi Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus bolkoviensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus bullatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus buno Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus concameratus Mostler 1980
†Priscopedatus conspicuus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Priscopedatus corolla Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus crassus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus crassus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus cribellum Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus crux Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus denticulatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus dumosus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus echinatus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus eiffeli Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus elliptiferus Zawidzka 1971
†Priscopedatus elongatus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus exlineae Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus foliosus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus frizzelli Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus guyaderi Rioult 1959
†Priscopedatus heteroporus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus hystrix Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus illyricus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus incisus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus inflexus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus jaworznicensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus kozuri Mostler 1970
†Priscopedatus margaritatus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus mostleri Zawidzka 1971
†Priscopedatus multiangulatus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus multiforaminis Al-Tamimi et al. 2001
†Priscopedatus multiforis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus multiformis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus nawarensis Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus normani Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus normannus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus octoperforatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus orbiculatus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus parvulus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus pentaradiatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus perpusillus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus ploechingeri Mostler 1969
+
Invalid names: Priscopedatus hernsteini Mostler 1969 [synonym]
†Priscopedatus procerus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus propinquus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus pseudaffinis Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus pyramidalis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus quinquespinosus Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Priscopedatus radiatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus slovakensis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus spectabilis Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus spiniferus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus stellatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus triangularis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus triangularis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus triangulatus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus triassicus Mostler 1968
†Priscopedatus tyrolensis Mostler 1968
†Priscopedatus variabilis Mostler 1972
G. †Prisculatrites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Prisculatrites deflandreae Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Prisculatrites lansulata Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites lobatus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites schlumbergeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Prisculatrites sinuatus Reich 2003
†Prisculatrites subtriangularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites triceratium Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Prisculatrites tricostatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Sastriella Soodan 1975
G. †Septapedatus Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
+
†Septapedatus palestiniensis Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
G. †Spinopriscopedatus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
+
†Spinopriscopedatus magnispinosus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus quadratus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus salhoubensis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Spinopriscopedatus subtriangularis Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus unispinosus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
G. †Staurocumites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Staurocumites bartensteini Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Priscopedatus acanthicus Mostler 1968 [synonym], Priscopedatus staurocumitoides Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Staurocumites horridus Mostler 1968
†Staurocumites tetraporatus Kozur and Mostler 1989
Fm. †Semperitidae Mostler 1970
+
G. †Biacumina Mostler 1970
+
†Biacumina aequibrachiata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina inconstans Mostler 1970
†Biacumina latiareata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina nasiformis Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina rara Mostler 1972
†Biacumina rariperforata Kozur and Mock 1972
†Biacumina spinosa Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Semperites Mostler 1970
+
†Semperites longiramosus Kozur and Mock 1972
†Semperites radiatus Mostler 1971
†Semperites subtilis Mostler 1970
†Semperites ungersteinensis Mostler 1970
Fm. †Stichopitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. Cucumarites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Cucumarites ambiguus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites angulatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Cucumarites compactus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dentatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dentigerus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites diplococcus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites diversimeatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dubius Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Cucumarites feifeli Mortensen 1937
†Cucumarites heteroporus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites holsaticus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites inflatus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites microporus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites mortenseni Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites nigrivaccae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites pauciperforatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites pauciperforatus Mostler 1972
†Cucumarites proteus Mortensen 1937
†Cucumarites punctiferus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites radiatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites robustus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites scaber Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites schlumbergeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Cucumarites soodanii Kalita et al. 2002
†Cucumarites sparsispinosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites speciosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites spitiensis Soodan 1986
†Cucumarites squamma Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites undatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Invalid names: Procucumaria Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Jagdipina Soodan 1986
+
†Jagdipina curta Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Jagdipina triassica Soodan 1986
G. †Praeeuphronides Mostler 1967
+
†Praeeuphronides complexus Kozur and Mock 1972
†Praeeuphronides concavus Mostler 1971
†Praeeuphronides crassirimosus Mostler 1972
†Praeeuphronides latus Mostler 1972
†Praeeuphronides multiperforata Mostler 1968
†Praeeuphronides multiperforatus Mostler 1968
†Praeeuphronides robustus Mostler 1970
†Praeeuphronides simplex Mostler 1969
G. †Punctatites Mostler 1968
+
†Punctatites aequiperforatus Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Punctatites angulatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites appensus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites cruciformis Mostler 1968
†Punctatites dracoformis Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Calclamnella symmetrica Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Punctatites extensus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites folliculus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites incurvatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites longirameus Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Uncinulinoides diffissus Mostler 1971 [synonym]
†Punctatites polymorphus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites tetrabrachiatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites triangularis Mostler 1968
†Punctatites triplex Mostler 1972
†Punctatites triradiatus Mostler 1968
G. †Rhabdotites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Rhabdotites dorsetensis Hodson et al. 1956
+
Invalid names: Rhabdotites bifidus Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites divergens Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites irregularis Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites tridens Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym]
†Rhabdotites inclinatus Mostler 1972
†Rhabdotites mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
Invalid names: Chirobaculus Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. Stichopites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Stichopites mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Prostichopus jurensis Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
Invalid names: Prostichopus Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Thenuisites Mostler 1970
+
†Thenuisites multipartitus Mostler 1970
†Thenuisites trisulcus Mostler 1970
G. Uncinulina Terquem 1862
+
†Uncinulina acanthica Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina arcuata Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Uncinulina compressa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina gordoni Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Uncinulina gracilis Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina levis Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina lunata Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Uncinulina parvispinosa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina polymorpha Terquem 1862
Invalid names: Ambulacrites Rioult 1961 [synonym]
G. †Uncinulinoides Mostler 1968
+
†Uncinulinoides alternata Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides hastata Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides porosa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides regularis Mostler 1968
Fm. †Synaptellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Spandelites Frizzell and Exline 1957
+
†Spandelites arcuatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Spandelites irregularis Deflandre-Rigaud 1949
†Spandelites lehmani Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Synaptellus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Tetravirga Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Tetravirga etheridgei Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga fordelensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga gracilis Mostler 1968
†Tetravirga imperforata Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga liassica Mostler 1968
†Tetravirga perforata Mostler 1968
Fm. Theeliidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Jumaraina Soodan 1977
+
†Jumaraina germanica Kozur 1969
†Jumaraina haynesi Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Jumaraina indica Soodan 1977
†Jumaraina planorbicula Mostler 1968
†Jumaraina rinconensis Huddleston et al. 1986
†Jumaraina simoni Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Lawsonina Soodan and Whatley 1988
+
†Lawsonina huntingdonshirensis Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Lawsonina multiradiata Soodan and Whatley 1988
G. Stueria Schlumberger 1888
+
†Stueria blakei Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria elegans Schlumberger 1888
†Stueria hendersoni Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria intercessus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Stueria jumaraensis Soodan 1972
†Stueria kashimi Soodan 1972
†Stueria malmensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Stueria moorei Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria multiradiata Mostler 1971
†Stueria raoi Soodan 1972
G. Thyonidium Düren and Koren 1846
G. †Triradites Mostler 1969
+
†Triradites communis Mostler 1969
†Triradites transitus Kozur and Mock 1972
Invalid names: Apodacea [empty], Arthrochirota Seilacher 1961 [empty], Aspidochirotacea [empty], Dendrochirotacea [empty], Paractinopoda [empty], Protocaudinidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962 [empty], Punctatitidae Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976 [empty], Rotiformidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1950 [empty]
Subph. †Homalozoa Whitehouse 1941
+
Invalid names: Homoiostelea Gill and Caster 1960 [empty], Homostelea [empty]
G. †Iheringiana Berg 1898
G. †Limolepis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Limolepis interrupta Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Limolepis manicaformis Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Nemotapis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Nemotapis inflecta Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Nemotapis procera Kozur and Mostler 1972
Subph. †Pelmatozoa Leuckart 1848
+
Cl. †Cystoidea von Buch 1846
+
Invalid names: Hydrophoridea Zittel 1903 [empty], Protocystites Salter 1865 [nomen nudum]
Cl. †Stylophora Gill and Caster 1960
+
Or. †Cornuta Jaekel 1901
+
G. †Amygdalotheca
Subor. †Amygdalothecida Lefebvre and Vizcaino 1999
+
Fm. †Amygdalothecidae Ubaghs 1969
Fm. †Hanusiidae Cripps 1991
G. †Babinocystis
G. †Chauvelia
G. †Galliaecystis
G. †Protocystites Hicks 1872
+
†Protocystites menevensis Hicks 1872
Invalid names: Protocystis Bather 1900 [synonym]
Or. †Mitrata Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Anatiferopsis
Subor. †Anomalocystitida Caster 1952
+
Fm. †Allanicytidiidae Caster and Gill 1967
Fm. †Anomalocystitidae Bassler 1938
Fm. †Australocystidae Caster 1954
Fm. †Placocystitidae Caster 1952
G. †Bokkeveldia
G. †Chaivella
G. †Dalejocystis
G. †Diamphidiocystis
Subor. †Lagynocystida Baster 1952
+
G. †Lagynocystis
Invalid names: Lagynocystidae Jaekel 1918 [empty]
Subor. †Mitrocystitida Caster 1952
+
G. †Aspidocarpus
G. †Ateleocystites Billings 1858
G. †Barrandeocarpus
G. †Chinianocarpos
G. †Eumitrocystella
G. †Mitrocystella
G. †Mitrocystites
G. †Ovocarpus Ubaghs 1994
Fm. †Paranacystidae Caster 1954
G. †Promitrocystites Lefebvre 2000
Invalid names: Mitrocystitidae Ubaghs 1968 [empty]
G. †Mongolocarpos
G. †Notocarpos
G. †Occultocystis
Subor. †Peltocystida Jefferies 1973
+
Fm. †Jaekelocarpidae Kolata et al. 1991
Fm. †Kirkocystidae Caster 1952
G. †Peltocystis
G. †Taebaekocystis Lee et al. 2006
Invalid names: Peltocystidae Ubaghs 1967 [empty]
G. †Spermacystis
G. †Tasmanicytidium
G. †Willmanocystis
G. †Yachalicystis
Invalid names: Ankyroida Parsley 1998 [invalid subgroup], Reticulocarpidae Cripps and Daley 1994 [empty]
Fm. †Tubocaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
G. †Venerella Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Venerella globosa Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Venerella stillata Kozur and Mostler 1972
Invalid names: Carpoidea Jaekel 1900 [empty], Crinozoa Matsumoto 1929 [empty], Paracrinozoa Parsley and Mintz 1975 [empty], Scutellidae Angas 1871 [empty], Scutellinidae Dall 1889 [empty]
Ph. Hemichordata Bateson 1885 [acorn worm]
+
Cl. Pterobranchia Lankester 1877 [pterobranch]
+
Or. Cephalodiscida
+
Fm. †Cephalodiscidae Harmer 1905
+
G. †Aellograptus
G. †Melanostrophus
G. †Pterobranchites
Invalid names: Eocephalodiscidae Kozłowski 1949 [synonym]
Subcl. Graptolithina Bronn 1849 [graptolite]
+
G. †Ascograptus
Or. †Camaroidea
+
Fm. †Bithecocamaridae Bulman 1955
Fm. †Cysticamaridae Bulman 1955
G. †Syringotaenia
G. †Ceramograptus
G. †Crinocaulis
Or. †Crustoidea Bulman 1970
+
G. †Ruedemannicrusta Kozlowski 1962
G. †Urbanekicrusta
G. †Xenocyathus
Invalid names: Hormograptidae Bulman 1970 [empty]
Fm. †Cyclograptidae Bulman 1938
+
G. †Calycotubus
G. †Camarotubus Mierzejewski 2001
G. †Conitubus
G. †Cyclograptus
G. †Discograptus
G. †Galeograptus
G. †Kozlowskitubus
G. †Marsipograptus Ruedemann 1936
G. †Parvitubus
G. †Reticulograptus
G. †Rhipidodendrum
G. †Tubidendrum
Or. †Dendroidea Nicholson 1872
+
Fm. †Acanthograptidae Bulman 1938
G. †Aretograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1962
G. †Cactograptus
G. †Chaunograptus
G. †Coelograptus
Fm. †Dendrograptidae Roemer 1897
G. †Haplograptus
Invalid names: Chaunograptidae Bulman 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Dithecodendridae Obut 1964
+
G. †Archaeolafoea Chapman 1919
G. †Bulmanidendrum Obut 1974
G. †Dalyia Walcott 1919
G. †Karasidendrum Sennikov 1998
G. †Ovetograptus Sdzuy 1974
G. †Protodendrum Sennikov 1998
G. †Siberiodendrum Obut 1964
G. †Sibiriograptus Obut 1964
G. †Sotograptus Sdzuy 1974
G. †Tarnagraptus Sdzuy 1974
G. †Dithecodendrum
Unr. †Graptoloida Maletz et al. 2009 [graptoloid]
+
Unr. †Eugraptoloida Maletz et al. 2009
Invalid names: Panreclinata Maletz et al. 2009 [empty]
Or. †Graptoloidea Lapworth 1875
+
G. †Apiograptus
G. †Arienigraptus
G. †Arnheimograptus
Subor. †Axonophora Frech 1897
G. †Crinitograptus Rickards 1995
Subor. †Dichograptina Lapworth 1873
Fm. †Didymograptidae Mu 1950
Subor. †Didymograptina Lapworth 1875
G. †Eisenackograptus
G. †Eoglyptograptus
G. †Euclimacograptus
G. †Exigraptus
Subor. †Graptodendroidina Mu and Lin 1981
G. †Hirsutograptus
G. †Joamgsjamotes
Fm. †Kinnegraptidae Mu 1974
G. †Laxograptus
G. †Metabrograptus
Subor. †Monograptina Lapworth 1880
G. †Neocolonograptus Urbanek 1997
G. †Neolobograptus
G. †Parapetalolithis
G. †Pararetiograptus
G. †Pseudoisograptus
G. †Rivagraptus
Subor. †Sinograpta Maletz 2009
Subor. †Sinograptina Maletz 2009
G. †Sinoreteograptus
G. †Stromatograptus
G. †Sudburigraptus
G. †Uncinatograptus
G. †Urbanekograptus
Invalid names: Bryograptidae Obut 1957 [empty], Dichograptacea Lapworth 1873 [empty], Virgellina Fortey and Cooper 1986 [empty]
G. †Leveillites
G. †Pilograptus
Fm. †Rhabdopleuridae Harmer 1905
+
G. †Calyxhydra Kozlowski 1959
G. †Chitinodendron Eisenack 1938
G. Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst 1848
G. †Epigraptus
G. †Fasciculitubus
G. †Graptovermis
G. †Kystodendron
G. †Rhabdopleurites
G. †Rhabdopleuroides
G. †Rhabdotubus
G. Rhapdopleura Allman 1869
G. †Stolonodendrum
G. †Siryngotaenia
Fm. †Wimanicrustidae Bulman 1970
+
G. †Bulmanicrusta Kozlowski 1962
G. †Ellesicrusta
G. †Holmicrusta
G. †Hormograptus
G. †Lapworthicrusta
G. †Wimanicrusta
Invalid names: Diplograptoidea Lapworth 1880 [empty], Dithecoidea Obut 1964 [empty], Graptolithus Linnaeus 1768 [invalid subgroup], Graptovermida Kozlowski 1949 [empty], Limpidograptus [nomen vanum], Stolonoidea Kozlowski 1938 [empty], Thamnograptus [nomen vanum], Trigonograptus Lapworth 1873 [nomen vanum], Tuboidea Kozlowski 1938 [empty]
G. †Mastograptus LoDuca and Kramer 2014
Invalid names: Rhabdopleurida Fowler 1892 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Atdabanian to the top of the Holocene or 520.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 516.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 516.0 Ma
Collections (15202 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Cambrian | USA (California) | Pelmatozoa indet. (226261) | |
| Early/Lower Cambrian | China (Yunnan) | Dianchicystis jianshanensis (213116) Vetulocystis catenata (213115) | |
| Cambrian | USA (Montana) | Acanthograptus sp., Dendrograptus sp. (258) | |
| Cambrian | USA (Alaska) | Callograptus sp., Dictyonema sp. (114979) Dendrograptus sp. (114981) | |
| Paleozoic | USA (Alaska) | Crinoidea indet. (112328 112329 112330 112415 112452 112453 112480 112493 112496 112535 112541 112542 112544 112545 112546) | |
| Tommotian - Atdabanian | Guinea | Echinodermata indet. (209267) | |
| Atdabanian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Eocrinoidea indet. (174251 174252) | |
| Atdabanian | China (Yunnan) | Cheungkongella ancestralis, Stellostomites eumorphus (68083) Echinodermata indet. (90136) Eldonia sp. (86929 86933) Stellostomites eumorhus (86846) Stellostomites eumorphus (86845 86851 90164 90495) Stellostomites eumorphus, Rotadiscus grandis (90494) | |
| Atdabanian | Australia (South Australia) | Echinodermata indet. (97747 97749 97789) Echinodermata ossicles (96454) | |
| Atdabanian | China (Guizhou) | Rhabdopleurida indet. (96641) | |
| Atdabanian - Botomian | China (Shaanxi) | Echinodermata indet. (91499) | |
| Branchian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Echinodermata indet. (84396 84397) | |
| Botomian | Australia (New South Wales) | Eocrinoidea sp. (225136) | |
| Botomian | France (Languedoc-Rousillon) | Echinodermata indet. (81088) | |
| Botomian | Italy (Sardegna) | Echinodermata indet. (81028 81030 81031 81032) | |
| Botomian | Russian Federation (Yakutia) | Eldonia sp. (90438) | |
| Botomian | Canada (Yukon) | Echinodermata indet. (80948) | |
| Botomian | China (Shaanxi) | Echinodermata Miscellanea (199534) Echinodermata indet., Echinodermata miscellanea (199515 199516) | |
| Botomian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Eocrinoidea indet. (174260) Eocrinoidea plates, Edrioasteroidea plates (174258) | |
| Botomian | Australia (South Australia) | Echinodermata indet. (79945 97745 97770 97771 97773 97774 97775 97776) | |