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Craniata

Craniata

Discussion

This is a class of "inarticulate" brachiopods that is unfortunately a homonym with the chordate group Craniata.

Synonyms
  • Patella ottomana was named by Kittl (1903). It is not extant. Its type locality is Prača, which is in an Asbian marine horizon in the Kulmschiefer Formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

    It was considered a nomen dubium by Wanner (1942).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1903Patella ottomana Kittl
1922Patella ottomana Wanner
1996Craniata Williams et al. p. 1192
2001Craniata Carlson p. 1111
2006Craniata Skovsted p. 1093
2013Craniata Emig et al. p. 76

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
Lophophorata
PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumCraniiformeaPopov et al. 1993
classCraniata
classCraniata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Craniata Williams et al. 1996
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Or. Craniida Waagen 1885
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Superfm. †Cranioidea Menke 1828
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Fm. †Craniidae Menke 1828
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G. †Acanthocrania Williams 1943
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Acanthocrania alta Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania conferta Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania cracentis Wright 1963
Acanthocrania densispina Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania elusa Cocks 2014
Acanthocrania intermedia Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania magna Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania minutispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania nordtimanica Kalashnikov 1993
Acanthocrania platys Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania regularis Cooper and Grant 1974
Acanthocrania spiculata Rowley 1908
Acanthocrania vasta Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Ancistrocrania Dall 1877
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Ancistrocrania abnormis Defrance and Hoeninghaus 1828
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Invalid names: Crania rugosa Seguenza 1866 [synonym]
G. †Celidocrania Zhu and Xue 1985
G. †Conocrania Smirnova 1996
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Conocrania spinacostata Smirnova 1972
G. Crania Retzius 1781
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Subg. †Crania (Lissocrania) Williams 1943
Crania altivertes Zezina 1990
Crania anticostiana Twenhofel 1928
Crania antiqua Defrance 1818
Crania austriaca Traub 1938
Crania badensis Michalik and Zagorsek 1986
Crania californica Berry 1921
Crania calymene Klipstein 1843
Crania chesterensis Miller and Gurley 1897
Crania columbiana Walcott 1889
Crania craniolaris Linnaeus 1758
Crania huttoni Thomson 1916
Crania kirkbyi Davidson 1858
Crania laevis Keyes 1894
Crania lamellosa Seguenza 1865
Crania missouriensis Weller 1909
Crania permica Kalashnikov 1993
Crania proavia Goldfuss 1840
Crania reposita White 1862
Crania roseradiata Jackson 1952
Crania rostrata Hoeninghaus 1828
Crania starhembergensis Zugmayer 1882
Crania subrostrata Boettger 1901
Crania suessi Reeve 1862
Crania trigonalis M'Coy 1844
Crania valdiviae Helmcke 1940
G. †Craniscus Dall 1871
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Craniscus hesperius Cooper 1955
Craniscus izyumensis Smirnova 1996
G. †Danocrania Rosenkrantz 1964
G. †Deliella Halamski 2004
G. †Isocrania Jaekel 1902
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Isocrania campaniensis Ernst 1984
Isocrania costata Sowerby 1823
Isocrania phosphatica Simon 1998
Isocrania praecostata Ernst 1984
G. †Lepidocrania Cooper and Grant 1974
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Lepidocrania sparsispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974
Lepidocrania sublamellosa Cooper and Grant 1974
Lepidocrania tardispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Mesocrania Smirnova 1997
G. †Nematocrania Grant 1976
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Nematocrania crassa Grant 1976
G. Neocrania Lee and Brunton 2001
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Neocrania anomala Muller 1776
Novocrania anomala Muller 1776
Novocrania bayaniana Davidson 1870
Novocrania kermes Costa and Humphrey 1770
Invalid names: Orbicula d'Archiac 1843 [replaced]
G. †Orthisocrania Rowell 1963
G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910
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Petrocrania diabloensis Cooper and Grant 1974
Petrocrania dodgei Rowley 1908
Petrocrania dubia Williams 1974
Petrocrania exasperata Cooper and Grant 1974
Petrocrania famelica Hall and Whitfield 1872
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Invalid names: Craniella hamiltonae Hall 1867 [objective synonym]
Petrocrania meduanensis Oehlert 1888
Petrocrania modesta White and St. John 1867
Petrocrania ourayensi Kindle 1909
Petrocrania prona Raymond 1906
Petrocrania reversa Sardeson 1896
Petrocrania scabiosa Hall 1866
Petrocrania septifera Cooper and Grant 1974
Petrocrania teretis Cooper and Grant 1974
Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]
G. †Philhedra Koken 1889
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Philhedra acutilirata Talent 1963
Philhedra laelia Hall 1866
Philhedra pauciradiata Benedetto 2015
Philhedra playfairi Reed 1917
Philhedra pulchelloides Chapman 1913
Philhedra rowleyi Gurley 1883
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Invalid names: Crania blairi Miller 1892 [synonym]
Philhedra stawyensis Temple 1965
G. †Pseudocrania M'Coy 1851
G. †Venetocrania Bitner and Dieni 2005
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Venetocrania euganea Bitner and Dieni 2005
G. †Westralicrania Cockbain 1967
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Westralicrania allani Cockbain 1967
G. †Xenocrania Chen and Rong 2019
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Xenocrania haimei Reed 1915
Invalid names: Craniacea Menke 1828 [empty]
Or. Craniopsida Gorjansky and Popov 1985
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Superfm. †Craniopsioidea Williams 1963
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Fm. †Craniopsidae Williams 1963
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G. †Craniops Hall 1859
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Craniops hamiltoniae Hall 1867
Craniops pristina Popov and Cocks 2014
Craniops subtruncata Hall 1847
Invalid names: Pholidops Hall 1859 [synonym]
G. †Discinopsis Hall and Clarke 1892
G. †Lingulapholis Schuchert 1913
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G. †Paracraniops Williams 1963
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Paracraniops ellipticus Goriansky 1972
Paracraniops pararius Williams 1962
Paracraniops patillis Rong 1979
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Invalid names: Sanxiaella [synonym]
G. †Wrightiops Popov and Cocks 2014
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Wrightiops nikitini Goriansky 1972
Invalid names: Craniopsoidea Williams 1963 [empty]
G. †Melbournopterus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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Melbournopterus crossotus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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G. †Adenus
Superfm. †Trimerelloidea Davidson and King 1872
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Fm. †Adensuidae Popov and Rukavishnikova 1986
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G. †Adensu Popov and Rukavishnikova 1986
Fm. †Trimerellidae Davidson and King 1872
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G. †Costitrimerella Rong and Li 1993
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Costitrimerella costellata Rong and Li 1993
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Invalid names: Costitrimerella costellata Rong and Li 1993 [objective synonym]
G. †Dinobolus Hall 1871
G. †Eodinobolus Rowell 1963
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Eodinobolus dixonensis Cooper 1956
Eodinobolus magnifica Billings 1872
G. †Fengzuella Li and Han 1980
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Fengzuella zhejiangensis Li and Han 1980
G. †Gasconsia Northrop 1939
G. †Gyroselenella Li 1985
G. †Monomerella Billings 1872
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Monomerella antiqua Goriansky 1972
G. †Obolellina Billings 1871
G. †Ovidiella Nikitin and Popov 1984
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Ovidiella plana Nikitin and Popov 1984
G. †Palaeotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Paradinobolus Li and Han 1980
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Paradinobolus sinensis Li and Han 1980
G. †Peritrimerella Liang 1983
G. †Rhynobolus Hall 1871
G. †Sinotrimerella Li and Han 1980
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Sinotrimerella jiangshanensis Lin and Han 1980
G. †Trimerella Billings 1862
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Invalid names: Machaerocolella Li and Han 1980 [synonym], Prosoponella Li 1984 [synonym]
G. †Yidurella Zeng 1987
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Yidurella yiduensis Zeng 1987
Fm. †Ussuniidae Nikitin and Popov 1984
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G. †Ussunia Nikitin and Popov 1984
Invalid names: Patella ottomana Kittl 1903 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. Williams et al. 1996Brachiopods with calcitic, laminar (tabular) inarticulated shells; valves developed discretely without mantle reversal; larvae lecithotrophic without shell; posterior body wall complete, pedicle not developed, ventral valve attached by larval epithelium; muscle system with a single pair of internal obliques and with paired outside lateral muscles attached anteriorly to the body wall; alimentary tract more or less axial with anus; lophophore initially with median tentacle lost during growth, tentacles in double row in posttrocholophous growth stages only; paired ganglia developed; mantle canal systems without interiomedial vascula terminalia, normally pinnate, containing gonads.