PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Buthidae

Arachnida - Scorpiones - Buthidae

Taxonomy

Buthidae was named by Koch (1837). It is extant.

It was assigned to Buthoidea by Dunlop et al. (2013).

Subtaxa

Centruroides (syn. Centrurus), Cretaceousbuthus, Microcharmus, Microtityus, Palaeoakentrobuthus, Palaeoananteris, Palaeogrosphus, Palaeoisometrus, Palaeolychas, Palaeoprotobuthus, Palaeospinobuthus, Palaeotityobuthus, Scorpio schweiggeri, Tityus, Tityus eogenus, Uintascorpio

Synonyms

Tityus eogenus was named by Menge (1869). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic Amber, Danziger Naturkundemuseum Menge collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in Poland.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Lourenço and Weitschat (1996).
Microcharmidae was named by Lourenco (1996). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Buthidae by Dunlop et al. (2013).
Scorpio schweiggeri was named by Holl (1829). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Madagascar copal (Schweigger collection), which is in a Holocene terrestrial amber in Madagascar.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dunlop et al. (2013).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1829	Scorpio schweiggeri Holl p. 177
1837	Buthidae Koch
1869	Tityus eogenus Menge p. 1 figs. A-C
1996	Microcharmidae Lourenco
2013	Buthidae Dunlop et al. p. 36
2013	Tityus eogenus Dunlop et al. p. 36

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
—	Deuteropoda
subphylum	Chelicerata	Heymons 1901
—	Euchelicerata	Weygoldt and Paulus 1979
—	Prosomapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Planaterga
—	Dekatriata
—	Sclerophorata	Kamenz et al. 2011
class	Arachnida	Lamarck 1801
—	Stomothecata
order	Scorpiones	Latreille 1817
suborder	Orthosternina	()
superfamily	Buthoidea	Koch 1837
family	Buthidae	Koch 1837
family	Buthidae	Koch 1837

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Buthidae Koch 1837

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G. Centruroides Marx 1890

Centruroides nitidus Thorell 1876

Invalid names: Centruroides beynai Schawaller 1979 [synonym]

Invalid names: Centrurus Ehrenberg 1829 [replaced]

G. †Cretaceousbuthus Lourenço 2022

†Cretaceousbuthus fraaijeorum Lourenço 2022

†Cretaceousbuthus petersi Lourenço 2023

G. Microcharmus Lourenco 1995

†Microcharmus henderickxi Lourenço 2009

G. Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966

†Microtityus ambarensis Schawaller 1982

G. †Palaeoakentrobuthus Lourenço and Weitschat 2000

†Palaeoakentrobuthus knodeli Lourenço and Weitschat 2000

G. †Palaeoananteris Lourenço and Weitschat 2001

†Palaeoananteris ribnitiodamgartensis Lourenço and Weitschat 2001

†Palaeoananteris ukrainensis Lourenço and Weitschat 2009

†Palaeoananteris wunderlichi Lourenço 2004

G. †Palaeogrosphus Lourenço 2000

†Palaeogrosphus copalensis Lourenço 1996

†Palaeogrosphus jacquesi Lourenço and Henderickx 2012

G. †Palaeoisometrus Lourenço and Weitschat 2005

†Palaeoisometrus elegans Lourenço and Weitschat 2005

G. †Palaeolychas Lourenço and Weitschat 1996

†Palaeolychas balticus Lourenço and Weitschat 1996

†Palaeolychas weitschati Lourenço 2012

G. †Palaeoprotobuthus Lourenço and Weitschat 2000

†Palaeoprotobuthus pusillus Lourenço and Weitschat 2000

G. †Palaeospinobuthus Lourenço et al. 2005

†Palaeospinobuthus cenozoicus Lourenço et al. 2005

G. †Palaeotityobuthus Lourenço and Weitschat 2000

†Palaeotityobuthus longiaculeus Lourenço and Weitschat 2000

G. Tityus Koch 1836

Subg. Tityus (Brazilotityus) Lourenco 2006

†Tityus apozonalli Riquelme et al. 2015

†Tityus geratus Santiago-Blay and Poinar 1988

Invalid names: Tityus (Brazilotityus) hartkorni Lourenço 2009 [synonym], Tityus azari Lourenço 2013 [synonym]

G. †Uintascorpio Perry 1995

†Uintascorpio halandrasorum Perry 1995

Invalid names: Microcharmidae Lourenco 1996 [synonym], Scorpio schweiggeri Holl 1829 [nomen dubium], Tityus eogenus Menge 1869 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Grouping:

solitaryc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 09:55:58

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:55:58

Source: c = class

Reference: Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 99.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.5 Ma

Collections (23 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Myanmar	Cretaceousbuthus fraaijeorum (230230) Cretaceousbuthus petersi (230231)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Colorado)	Uintascorpio halandrasi (153589)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Ukraine	Palaeoananteris ukrainensis (153587)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Poland	Tityus eogenus (120811)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)	Palaeoakentrobuthus knodeli (155731) Palaeoananteris ribnitiodamgartensis (155982) Palaeoananteris wunderlichi (124318) Palaeoisometrus elegans (155981) Palaeolychas balticus (123760) Palaeolychas weitschati, Palaeoprotobuthus pusillus (123764) Palaeospinobuthus cenozoicus (154709) Palaeotityobuthus longiaculeus (152042)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Mexico	Centruroides sp. (153609)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Mexico (Chiapas)	Tityus apozonalli (217223)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Centruroides beynai, Tityus ambarensis (122474) Tityus azari (146557) Tityus geratus (124475) Tityus hartkorni (153584)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Madagascar	Scorpio schweiggeri (147705) Tityobuthus copalensis (38973)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Madagascar (Antseranana)	Microcharmus henderickxi (153607) Palaeogrosphus jacquesi (153608)