PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Strophonella

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Strophonellidae

Taxonomy

Strophonella was named by Hall (1879). Its type is Strophomena semifasciata.

It was assigned to Stropheodontidae by Bassett and Cocks (1974); to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Strophonellidae by Williams et al. (2000) and Musteikis and Cocks (2004).

Species

S. (Quasistrophonella), S. (Strophonella), S. alterniradiata, S. bohemica, S. extensa, S. gippslandica, S. laxiplicata, S. loeblichi, S. patenta, S. punctulifera, S. semifasciata, Strophoprion euglypha, Strophoprion geniculatum (syn. Brachyprion (Eomegastrophia) lnflatus)

Species lacking formal opinion data

S. floweri, S. headleyana, S. manta, S. meridionalis, S. plasi

Synonyms

Costistrophonella is a genus. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Strophonella by Williams et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002).
Strophoprion was named by Twenhofel (1914) [Sepkoski's age data: S Ldov-u D Gedi Sepkoski's reference number: 538].

It was synonymized subjectively with Strophonella by Williams et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1879	Strophonella Hall
1914	Strophoprion Twenhofel p. 24
1974	Strophonella Bassett and Cocks
2000	Strophonella Williams et al. p. 302
2002	Costistrophonella Sepkoski
2002	Strophonella Sepkoski
2002	Strophoprion Sepkoski
2004	Strophonella Musteikis and Cocks

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Strophomenida	Opik 1934
superfamily	Strophomenoidea	King 1846
family	Strophonellidae	Caster 1939
genus	Strophonella	Hall 1879

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Strophonella Hall 1879

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Subg. †Strophonella (Quasistrophonella) Harper and Boucot 1978

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†Strophonella (Quasistrophonella) haueri Barrande 1848

Subg. †Strophonella (Strophonella) Hall 1879

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†Strophonella (Strophonella) bransoni Amsden 1958

†Strophonella alterniradiata Amsden 1951

†Strophonella bohemica Barrande 1848

†Strophonella extensa Northrop 1939

†Strophonella gippslandica Philip 1962

†Strophonella laxiplicata Foerste 1903

†Strophonella loeblichi Amsden 1951

†Strophonella patenta Hall 1852

†Strophonella punctulifera Conrad 1838

†Strophonella semifasciata Hall 1863

Invalid names: Costistrophonella [synonym], Strophoprion Twenhofel 1914 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

10 to < 100g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

minorg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al. (2000).g

Created:

2009-06-10 12:02:12

Modified:

2009-06-10 14:02:12

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Caradoc to the top of the Frasnian or 458.40000 to 372.20000 Ma

Collections (224 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	China (XinJiang)	S. sp. (20789)
Silurian	443.8 - 419.2	Australia (Victoria)	S. gippslandica (10191 10193)
Rhuddanian	443.4 - 440.8	USA (Utah)	Brachyprion geniculata (51495)
Rhuddanian	443.4 - 440.8	USA (Iowa)	S. sp. (24966)
Llandovery	443.4 - 433.4	Canada (Québec)	S. sp. (24540 25160)
Llandovery	443.4 - 433.4	Canada (Ontario)	S. sp. (444 446)
Llandovery	443.4 - 433.4	USA (New York)	S. sp. (443 445 451 452 462 463)
Llandovery - Wenlock	443.4 - 427.4	USA (Nevada)	Brachyprion geniculata (24912)
Alexandrian - Niagaran	443.4 - 421.3	Canada (Québec)	S. sp. (25155)
Aeronian	440.8 - 438.5	USA (New York)	S. patenta (81829 81841 81843 81863 81869)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Australia (New South Wales)	Strophoprion podolica (25695)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Australia (Victoria)	S. manta (8507 8508)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Canada (Quebec)	S. sp. (597 663)
Pragian - Emsian	410.8 - 393.3	Turkey (Istanbul)	S. sp. (32470)
Zlichovian	409.1 - 391.9	Czech Republic (Barrandia)	S. pateloides (12112)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Canada (Quebec)	S. punctulifera (233202)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	USA (Nevada)	S. punctulifera (164691 164794 164803 164806 164827 164828) S. sp. (164801) S. sp. deeply convex (164805)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (New York)	S. ampla (9552 9554) S. punctulifera (77077)
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	USA (Iowa)	S. sp. (3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 3408)
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	Colombia (Boyaca)	S. meridionalis, S. floweri (36012)