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Hirnantia sagittifera

Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Draboviidae

Taxonomy
Orthis sagittifera was named by McCoy (1851). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Hirnantia sagittifera by Lamont (1935), Cocks (1982), Brenchley et al. (2006), Jin and Zhan (2008), Hints et al. (2012), Hints and Harper (2015) and Rong et al. (2019).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1851Orthis sagittifera McCoy
1935Hirnantia sagittifera Lamont p. 313
1967Drabovia agnata Marek and Havlíček p. 279 figs. pl. 2 f. 7-8, 11-12, 19
1974Villicundella mozetici Levy and Nullo p. 178 figs. pl. 1, Fig. 1-9
1974Hirnantia magna Rong et al.
1982Hirnantia sagittifera Cocks pp. 763 - 764 figs. Plate 78, figs. 6-10; Plate 79, figs. 1-3; Plate 80, fig. 8
1983Hirnantia sagittifera fecunda Zeng p. 116 figs. pl. 14, Fig. 5-8
2006Hirnantia sagittifera Brenchley et al. p. 16 figs. 12A, C, F
2008Hirnantia sagittifera Jin and Zhan pp. 52-53 figs. Pl. 36, figs. 1-16
2012Hirnantia sagittifera Hints et al. pp. 67 - 70 fig. 2
2015Hirnantia sagittifera Hints and Harper
2016Hirnantia septumis Zeng et al. p. 72 figs. pl. 38, Fig. 1-12
2016Hirnantia fecunda Zeng et al. p. 74 figs. pl. 34 Fig. 6-12
2019Hirnantia sagittifera Rong et al. fig. 21A–K

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
RankNameAuthor
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderOrthidaSchuchert and Cooper 1932
suborderDalmanellidinaMoore 1952
superfamilyEnteletoideaWaagen 1884
familyDraboviidaeHavlicek 1950
subfamilyDraboviinaeHavlicek 1950
genusHirnantiaLamont 1935
speciessagittifera()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Hirnantia sagittifera McCoy 1851
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Invalid names: Hirnantia agnata Marek and Havlíček 1967 [synonym], Hirnantia fecunda Zeng 1983 [synonym], Hirnantia magna Rong et al. 1974 [synonym], Hirnantia mozetici Levy and Nullo 1974 [synonym], Hirnantia septumis Zeng et al. 2016 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
L. R. M. Cocks 1982Exterior. Biconvex, with convexity of brachial valve considerably greater than pedicle valve. Faint trace of very weak pedicle valve fold and corresponding brachial valve sulcus seen in a few valves only. Small anacline brachial valve interarea · and fairly small apsacline pedicle interarea. Open delthyrium with small pedicle collar and open notothyrium. Relatively fine radial ornament (84 ribs counted at 10 mm growth line on BB 93984, PI. 79, fig. 2), with new costellae arising both by bifurcation and intercalation, the costellae curving round laterally to merge with the hinge line. Growth lines obscure, except anteriorly in old specimens.

Pedicle valve interior. Teeth supported by dental plates extending to the valve floor and diverging at right angles, merging antero-Iaterally with the variably developed muscle-bounding ridges. Thin lanceolate adductor muscle scars between well-impressed anteriorly rounded diductor muscle scars, the whole muscle field bilobed, and extending anteriorly for about one-third of the valve length. Vascular markings obscure.

Brachial valve interior. Cardinal process small, simple (PI. 79, figs. 1,3), becoming stronger and more bulbous in the most gerontic specimens (PI. 78, fig. 9). Pair of stout but relatively short socket plates (the 'supporting plates' of Temple 1965, p. 400) diverging at right angles and attached to the valve floor. Variably developed, poorly defined, thin and low median septum extends for up to one-third of the valve length. Adductor muscle field weakly impressed, but each muscle scar is subcircular and extends anteriorly from between one-quarter and one-third of the valve length.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100g
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 10 to < 100g
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: minorg
Spines: noneg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-04-13 10:13:42
Modified: 2009-06-03 15:14:58
Source: g = genus, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Porkuni to the top of the Sheinwoodian or 445.60000 to 430.50000 Ma

Collections (104 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Katian453.0 - 445.2Norway Hirnantia sagittifera (159536)
Kralodvorian - Hirnantian449.8 - 443.4Czech Republic (Praha) Hirnantia sagittifera (151989)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7Canada (Québec) Hirnantia sagittifera (24455)
Ashgill - Llandovery449.5 - 433.4Canada (Québec) Hirnantia sagittifera (24506 24507 24832)
Ashgill - Llandovery449.5 - 433.4Canada (Quebec) Hirnantia sagittifera (12303)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.4United Kingdom (Wales) Hirnantia sagittifera (8292)
Kosovian445.6 - 443.7Morocco (Maïder) Hirnantia sagittifera (20996)
Kosovian445.6 - 443.7Czech Republic Hirnantia sagittifera (3882)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Latvia Hirnantia sagittifera (173390 173393 173394 173404 173416 173423 173425 173443 173448 173469 173473 173480 173486 173487 173491 173492 173493 173496 173529 173532 173537)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Sweden (Östergötland) Hirnantia sagittifera (186269)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Sweden (Dalarne) Hirnantia sagittifera (152984 152985 153014 153015 153016 153018 153019 153025 153026)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Estonia Hirnantia sagittifera (151993 173388)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Norway Hirnantia sagittifera (193278 193279)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4United Kingdom (Wales) Hirnantia sagittifera (8294 8383 8384 8385 8387 8392 8405 151588 152183 153336)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Sweden Hirnantia sagittifera (159341)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Russian Federation Hirnantia sagittifera (152989)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Poland Hirnantia sagittifera (2760)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4China (Sichuan) Hirnantia sagittifera (61387) Hirnantia sagittifera, Hirnantia magna (25735)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Kazakhstan Hirnantia sagittifera (153086)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Turkey Hirnantia sagittifera (185134)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Canada (Québec) Hirnantia sagittifera (24336)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4China (Guizhou) Hirnantia sagittifera (151935 151936 153000 153004 172178)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4China (Yunnan) Hirnantia sagittifera (192502 203555 203556 211623 211624 211625 211627 211628)
Hirnantian (glacial)445.2 - 443.4Morocco (Zagora) Hirnantia sagittifera (152624)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Canada (Quebec) Hirnantia sagittifera (12070 12145 12146 113324)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4United Kingdom (Scotland) Hirnantia sagittifera (151601)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Thailand Hirnantia sagittifera (192500)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Sweden (Jamtland) Hirnantia sagittifera (153329)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Turkey (Yığılca/Düzce) Hirnantia sagittifera (185140 185141)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Morocco (Zagora) Hirnantia sagittifera (152621)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Myanmar (Northern Shan) Hirnantia sagittifera (202727)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4China (Hubei) Hirnantia sagittifera (75448 75449 151939 151940 151941)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Sweden (Dalarne) Hirnantia sagittifera (73455)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4United Kingdom (England) Hirnantia sagittifera (80657 151589)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Czech Republic (Praha) Drabovia agnata, Hirnantia sagittifera (149320) Hirnantia sagittifera (149318)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Norway Hirnantia sagittifera (159376 159537)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Ireland Hirnantia sagittifera (23068)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Argentina (San Juan) Hirnantia sagittifera (8773 152571)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5Canada (Nunavut) Hirnantia sagittifera (26013)