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Borealis

Rhynchonellata - Pentamerida - Virgianidae

Taxonomy
Borealis was named by Boucot et al. (1971) [Sepkoski's age data: S Ldov-l S Ldov-m Sepkoski's reference number: 24,25]. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Virgianinae by Williams et al. (2002); and to Pentamerida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1971Borealis Boucot et al.
2002Borealis Sepkoski
2002Borealis Williams et al. p. 963

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
RankNameAuthor
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderPentameridaSchuchert and Cooper 1931
suborderPentameridinaSchuchert and Cooper 1931
superfamilyPentameroideaMcCoy 1844
familyVirgianidaeBoucot and Amsden 1963
subfamilyVirgianinaeBoucot and Amsden 1963
genusBorealisBoucot et al. 1971

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Borealis Boucot et al. 1971
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†Borealis borealis Eichwald 1842
†Borealis cristiformis Modzalevskaya 1985
†Borealis nana Nikiforova and Andreeva 1961
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100g
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 10 to < 100g
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: noneg
Spines: noneg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Comments: BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al (2002).g
Created: 2009-06-04 12:34:05
Modified: 2009-06-04 14:34:05
Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Raikkula to the top of the Early/Lower Emsian or 440.80000 to 402.50000 Ma

Collections (52 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Jõgeva) Pentamerus borealis (197468 206933)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Rapla) Pentamerus borealis (175044 206884)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Järva) B. borealis (193099) Pentamerus borealis (174979)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Lääne) B. borealis (195633 195634) Pentamerus borealis (174969 193727 193730)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Viljandi) Pentamerus borealis (193804)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Hiiu) B. borealis (193616 195418) Pentamerus borealis (206927)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Hiuu) B. borealis (193095) Pentamerus borealis (206936)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia B. borealis (77386 195424 195425 195593) Pentamerus borealis (174165 174167 174171 193724 206883 206923 206934 206938 206939)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5Russian Federation (Siberia) B. borealis (206542 206543 206560) B. nanus (206465 206484)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5Russian Federation B. cristiformis (185955 185956)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Russian Federation (Yakutiya) B. borealis (79506 79507 79509 79510 79511 79512)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Russian Federation (Siberia) Pentamerus oblongus, Pentamerus borealis (206319)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4China (Guizhou) B. sp. (25747 27898)
Raikkula440.8 - 438.8Estonia (Lääne - Viru) Pentamerus borealis (206964)
Raikkula440.8 - 438.8Estonia (Pärnu) B. borealis (193123)
Raikkula440.8 - 438.8Estonia (Lääne) Pentamerus borealis (193772)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5Norway B. borealis (14267)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4Russian Federation (Siberia) B. borealis (206347)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') B. laevis (40703)