PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tropiphorini

Insecta - Coleoptera - Curculionidae

Taxonomy

Tropiphorini was named by Marseul (1863). It is extant.

It was assigned to Entiminae by Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011), Bouchard et al. (2011), Legalov (2015), Legalov (2016), Legalov (2018), Legalov (2019) and Legalov and Poinar (2021).

Synonyms

Ophryastes compactus was named by Scudder (1878). Its type specimen is 4210, an exoskeleton, and it is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Petrified fish cut (Scudder collection), which is in a Bridgerian lacustrine - large diatomite/shale in the Green River Formation of Wyoming.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011) and Legalov (2015).
Ophryastes championi was named by Wickham (1912). Its type specimen is UCM, an exoskeleton, and it is an impression.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Legalov (2015).
Hipporhinus brevis was named by Giebel (1856). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Aix-en-Provence (Halle University coll), which is in a Chattian lacustrine - large limestone in the Niveau du gypse d'Aix Formation of France.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011) and Legalov (2015).
Ophryastes petrarum was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011) and Legalov (2015).
Ophryastes grandis was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Roan Mountain (Scudder Coll), which is in a Bridgerian lacustrine - large shale in the Green River Formation of Colorado.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Legalov (2015).
Otiorhynchus subteractus was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Roan Mountain (Scudder Coll), which is in a Bridgerian lacustrine - large shale in the Green River Formation of Colorado.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011) and Legalov (2015).
Sitona paginarum was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Legalov (2015).
Alophinae was named by Le Conte (1874). It is extant.

It was reranked as the tribe Alophini by Bouchard et al. (2011); it was synonymized subjectively with Tropiphorini by Legalov (2015).

It was assigned to Entiminae by Bouchard et al. (2011).
Coniatus refractus was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Legalov (2015).
Lepyrus evictus was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Green River, bluffs behind town, which is in a Bridgerian lacustrine - large diatomite/shale in the Green River Formation of Wyoming.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Legalov (2015).
Cryptorhynchus durus was named by Scudder (1893). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Roan Mountain (Scudder Coll), which is in a Bridgerian lacustrine - large shale in the Green River Formation of Colorado.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011) and Legalov (2015).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1856	Hipporhinus brevis Giebel p. 146
1863	Tropiphorini Marseul
1878	Ophryastes compactus Scudder pp. 765-766
1890	Ophryastes compactus Scudder p. 477 figs. Pl 8 fig 39
1893	Ophryastes compactus Scudder p. 36
1893	Ophryastes grandis Scudder p. 37 figs. Pl 8, fig 7
1893	Ophryastes petrarum Scudder p. 37 figs. Pl 8 fig 10
1893	Otiorhynchus subteractus Scudder p. 45 figs. Pl 9, fig 8
1893	Sitona paginarum Scudder p. 68 figs. Pl 10, fig 1
1893	Coniatus refractus Scudder p. 79 figs. Pl 10, fig 4
1893	Lepyrus evictus Scudder p. 88 figs. Pl 10, fig 10
1893	Cryptorhynchus durus Scudder p. 126 figs. Pl 11, fig 8
1912	Ophryastes championi Wickham p. 44 figs. Pl. I, Fig. 3
2011	Alophini Bouchard et al.
2011	Tropiphorini Bouchard et al.
2011	Tropiphorini Yunakov and Kirejtshuk p. 93
2015	Tropiphorini Legalov p. 1492
2016	Tropiphorini Legalov p. 64
2018	Tropiphorini Legalov p. 300
2019	Tropiphorini Legalov p. 49
2021	Tropiphorini Legalov and Poinar p. 2221

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()
—	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
—	Holometabola

Rank	Name	Author
—	Aparaglossata
—	Neuropteriformia
—	Coleopterida
order	Coleoptera
—	Mesocoleoptera
—	Metacoleoptera
suborder	Polyphaga	Emery 1886
infraorder	Cucujiformia	Lameere 1938
—	Phytophaga
superfamily	Curculionoidea
family	Curculionidae	()
subfamily	Entiminae	Schoenherr 1823
tribe	Tropiphorini	Marseul 1863
tribe	Tropiphorini	Marseul 1863

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Tr. Tropiphorini Marseul 1863

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G. Catoptes Schoenherr 1842

Catoptes binodis White 1846

Invalid names: Platyomida White 1846 [synonym]

G. †Centron Scudder 1893

†Centron moricollis Scudder 1893

G. Dyslobus Le Conte 1869

Invalid names: Leposoma Motschulsky 1845 [replaced]

G. †Geralophus Scudder 1893

†Geralophus antiquarius Scudder 1893

†Geralophus fossicius Scudder 1893

†Geralophus lassatus Scudder 1893

†Geralophus occultus Scudder 1876

†Geralophus retritus Scudder 1893

†Geralophus saxuosus Scudder 1893

†Geralophus scudderi Wickham 1911

G. †Limalophus Scudder 1893

†Limalophus compositus Scudder 1893

†Limalophus contractus Scudder 1893

†Limalophus poinari Legalov 2019

†Limalophus receptus Scudder 1893

G. Phyxelis Schonherr 1842

G. †Primocentron Legalov 2018

†Primocentron wickhami Legalov 2018

G. Rhytideres Schonherr 1826

†Rhytidoderes sexsulcatus Heer 1856

Invalid names: Hipporhinus reynesii Oustalet 1874 [synonym], Phytonomus annosus Oustalet 1874 [synonym]

G. †Succinalophus Legalov 2016

†Succinalophus attenboroughi Legalov 2016

G. †Tenillus Scudder 1893

†Tenillus firmus Scudder 1893

G. Vitavitus Kissinger 1973

Vitavitus thulius Kissinger 1973

Invalid names: Alophini Le Conte 1874 [synonym], Coniatus refractus Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Cryptorhynchus durus Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Hipporhinus brevis Giebel 1856 [nomen dubium], Lepyrus evictus Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Ophryastes championi Wickham 1912 [nomen dubium], Ophryastes compactus Scudder 1878 [nomen dubium], Ophryastes grandis Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Ophryastes petrarum Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Otiorhynchus subteractus Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Sitona paginarum Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bridgerian to the top of the Holocene or 50.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 46.2 Ma

Collections (48 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	Ophryastes compactus (121322) Sitona paginarum, Limalophus compositus, Limalophus contractus, Lepyrus evictus (152136)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Utah)	Artipus receptus, Limalophus compositus (152137) Coniatus refractus (116369) Ophryastes petrarum (152138) Primocentron wickhami (149637)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Colorado)	Ophryastes petrarum, Ophryastes grandis, Otiorhynchus subteractus, Sitona paginarum, Coniatus refractus, Cryptorhynchus durus (114681)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)	Succinalophus attenboroughi, Limalophus poinari (134456)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Geralophus antiquarius (106380) Geralophus antiquarius, Geralophus fossicius, Geralophus lassatus, Tenillus firmus (152139) Geralophus antiquarius, Geralophus lassatus (106379 113749) Geralophus antiquarius, Geralophus occultus, Geralophus saxuosus, Geralophus fossicius, Geralophus lassatus, Geralophus retritus, Centron moricollis (106384) Geralophus antiquarius, Geralophus saxuosus, Geralophus fossicius, Geralophus lassatus, Geralophus retritus (124624) Geralophus fossicius (127219) Geralophus fossicius, Geralophus lassatus, Geralophus retritus (106382) Geralophus lassatus (122975) Geralophus occultus (34966) Ophryastes championi, Geralophus antiquarius, Geralophus occultus, Geralophus scudderi, Geralophus saxuosus, Geralophus fossicius, Geralophus lassatus (106381)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Geralophus occultus, Geralophus fossicius, Geralophus lassatus (122093)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Germany	Cleonus sexsulcatus (122407)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	France (Puy-de-Dome)	Cleonus sexsulcatus (155204)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	France (Bouches-Du-Rhone)	Hipporhinus brevis (147347) Hipporhinus reynesii (122501) Phytonomus annosus (123944)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Hipporhinus reynesii (122487)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Russian Federation	Lepidophorus lineaticollis (113713 153434)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (Alaska)	Vitavitus thulius (123352)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy	Rhytidoderes sexsulcatus (162051)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Russian Federation	Vitavitus thulius (153127)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	Russian Federation	Lepidophorus lineaticollis, Vitavitus thulius (163069) Vitavitus thulius (163089)
Irvingtonian	1.8 - 0.3	USA (Alaska)	Vitavitus thulius (20277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Washington)	Lepesoma sp. (169369) Lepidophorus alternatus (169362 169366 169368 169372 169378 169380) Lepidophorus alternatus, Trichalophus didymus (169373 169376) Trichalophus didymus (169379)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Canada (Alberta)	Lepidophorus lineaticollis, Vitavitus thulius (160071)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Canada (Yukon)	Lepidophorus lineaticollis, Vitavitus thulius (160070)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Russian Federation	Vitavitus thulius (153446)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	New Zealand	Catoptes binodis (175901)