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Meganeuridae

Insecta - Meganisoptera - Meganeuridae

Taxonomy

Meganeuridae was named by Handlirsch (1906).

It was assigned to Protodonata by Handlirsch (1906), Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922), Carpenter (1933), Zalessky (1950), Carpenter (1960), Whalley (1980), Carpenter (1992) and Engel (1998); and to Meganisoptera by Martynov (1932), Martynov (1937), Martynov (1940), Zessin (1983), Zhang and Hong (2006) and Nel et al. (2009).

Subtaxa

Carpentertypinae, Gallotupus, Meganeurinae, Oligotypinae, Piesbergtupinae, Shenzhousia, Stephanotypinae, Tupinae

Synonyms

Oligotypus britannicus was named by Laurentiaux (1958) [Described in unpublished thesis].

It was considered a nomen nudum by Nel et al. (2009).
Typidae was named by Handlirsch (1919). Its type is Tupus.

It was reranked as the subfamily Typinae by Martynov (1932), Martynov (1940), Carpenter (1947), Zalessky (1950) and Zessin (1983); it was synonymized subjectively with Meganeuridae by Carpenter (1992); it was reranked as the subfamily Tupinae by Whalley (1980), Brauckmann and Zessin (1989), Engel (1998), Nel et al. (2009) and Prokop and Nel (2010).

It was assigned to Protodonata by Handlirsch (1919) and Handlirsch (1922); and to Meganeuridae by Martynov (1932), Martynov (1940), Carpenter (1947), Zalessky (1950), Whalley (1980), Zessin (1983), Brauckmann and Zessin (1989), Engel (1998), Nel et al. (2009) and Prokop and Nel (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1906	Meganeuridae Handlirsch p. 306
1919	Meganeuridae Handlirsch p. 567
1919	Typidae Handlirsch p. 572
1922	Meganeuridae Handlirsch p. 62
1922	Typidae Handlirsch p. 64
1932	Meganeuridae Martynov
1932	Typinae Martynov
1933	Meganeuridae Carpenter
1937	Meganeuridae Martynov p. 110
1940	Meganeuridae Martynov p. 12
1940	Typinae Martynov p. 12
1947	Typinae Carpenter p. 48
1950	Meganeuridae Zalessky
1950	Typinae Zalessky
1958	Oligotypus britannicus Laurentiaux
1960	Meganeuridae Carpenter
1980	Meganeuridae Whalley
1980	Tupinae Whalley
1983	Meganeuridae Zessin
1983	Typinae Zessin
1989	Tupinae Brauckmann and Zessin p. 182
1992	Meganeuridae Carpenter p. 60
1998	Meganeuridae Engel
1998	Tupinae Engel
2006	Meganeuridae Zhang and Hong p. 329
2009	Meganeuridae Nel et al. p. 93
2009	Tupinae Nel et al. p. 98
2010	Tupinae Prokop and Nel p. 185

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraclass	Hydropalaeoptera	Rohdendorf 1969
—	Euhydropalaeoptera
—	Odonatoptera	Martynov 1932
—	Palaeodonatoptera
—	Plesiodonatoptera
—	Apodonatoptera
—	Paneodonatoptera
—	Neodonatoptera
order	Meganisoptera
family	Meganeuridae
family	Meganeuridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Meganeuridae Handlirsch 1906

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Subfm. †Carpentertypinae Zessin 1983

G. †Carpentertypus Zessin 1983

†Carpentertypus durhami Carpenter 1960

G. †Gallotupus Nel et al. 2008

†Gallotupus oudardi Nel et al. 2008

Subfm. †Meganeurinae Handlirsch 1906

G. †Meganeura Brongniart 1885

†Meganeura monyi Brongniart 1884

Invalid names: Meganeura aeroplana Handlirsch 1919 [synonym], Meganeura brongniarti Handlirsch 1906 [synonym], Meganeura brongniartiana Handlirsch 1919 [synonym], Meganeura draco Handlirsch 1919 [synonym], Meganeura fafnir Handlirsch 1906 [synonym], Meganeurella rapax Handlirsch 1919 [synonym]

Invalid names: Meganeurella Handlirsch 1919 [synonym]

G. †Meganeuropsis Carpenter 1939

†Meganeuropsis americana Carpenter 1947

†Meganeuropsis permiana Carpenter 1939

G. †Meganeurula Handlirsch 1906

†Meganeurula selysii Brongniart 1894

G. †Oligotypus Carpenter 1931

†Oligotypus huangheensis Prokop et al. 2008

†Oligotypus makowskii Carpenter and Richardson 1971

†Oligotypus tillyardi Carpenter 1931

†Oligotypus tuscaloosae Beckemeyer and Engel 2011

Invalid names: Sinomeganeura Prokop et al. 2008 [synonym]

Subfm. †Piesbergtupinae Zessin 2006

G. †Piesbergtupus Zessin 2006

†Piesbergtupus hielscheri Zessin 2006

G. †Shenzhousia Zhang and Hong 2006

†Shenzhousia qilianshanensis Zhang and Hong 2006

†Shenzhousia readi Carpenter 1933

Subfm. †Tupinae Handlirsch 1919

G. †Arctotypus Martynov 1932

†Arctotypus carbonicus Hong 1985

†Arctotypus diluculum Whalley 1980

†Arctotypus fortis Zalessky 1950

†Arctotypus gallicus Nel et al. 2009

†Arctotypus giganteus Nel et al. 2009

†Arctotypus intermedius Nel et al. 2009

†Arctotypus merifonsensis Nel et al. 2009

†Arctotypus sinuatus Martynov 1932

†Arctotypus sylvaensis Martynov 1940

G. †Bohemiatupus Prokop and Nel 2010

†Bohemiatupus elegans Prokop and Nel 2010

G. †Boltonites Handlirsch 1919

†Boltonites radstockensis Bolton 1914

G. †Curvitupus Nel et al. 2009

†Curvitupus ariegensis Nel et al. 2009

†Curvitupus elongatus Zalessky 1950

†Curvitupus magnificus Zalessky 1950

†Curvitupus verneti Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux 1963

G. †Ephemerites Geinitz 1865

†Ephemerites rueckerti Geinitz 1865

G. †Gilsonia Meunier 1909

†Gilsonia titana Meunier 1909

G. †Meganeurina Handlirsch 1919

†Meganeurina confusa Handlirsch 1919

G. †Meganeurites Handlirsch 1919

†Meganeurites gracilipes Handlirsch 1919

G. †Megatypus Tillyard 1925

†Megatypus ingentissimus Tillyard 1925

†Megatypus parvus Engel 1998

†Megatypus schucherti Tillyard 1925

†Megatypus vetustus Carpenter 1933

G. †Nannotupus Nel et al. 2009

†Nannotupus pumilio Nel et al. 2009

G. †Permotupus Nel et al. 2009

†Permotupus minor Nel et al. 2009

†Permotupus ollieorum Nel et al. 2009

G. †Petrotypus Zalessky 1950

†Petrotypus multivenosus Zalessky 1950

G. †Stephanotypus Zessin 1983

†Stephanotypus schneideri Zessin 1983

G. †Tupus Sellards 1906

†Tupus gallicus Nel et al. 2009

†Tupus gilmorei Carpenter 1927

†Tupus gracilis Carpenter 1947

†Tupus orientalis Zhang et al. 2012

†Tupus permianus Sellards 1906

†Tupus whitei Carpenter 1928

Invalid names: Paragilsonia Zhang et al. 2012 [synonym]

Invalid names: Oligotypus britannicus Laurentiaux 1958 [nomen nudum]

Invalid names: Oligotypinae Carpenter 1947 [empty], Stephanotypinae Zessin 2006 [empty], Typidae Handlirsch 1919 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Yeadonian to the top of the Roadian or 320.00000 to 268.80000 Ma

Collections (45 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bashkirian	323.2 - 315.2	China (Ningxia)	Paragilsonia orientalis (140832)
Yeadonian	320.0 - 318.7	USA (Georgia)	Typus durhami (111035)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	United Kingdom (England)	Tupus diluculum (105042)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	USA (Alabama)	Oligotypus tuscaloosae (126587)
Westphalian B	316.9 - 314.6	United Kingdom (England)	Oligotypus britannicus (105060)
Westphalian B - Westphalian C	316.9 - 309.8	China (Ningxia)	Shenzhousia qilianshanensis (102981) Shenzhousia qilianshanensis, Sinomeganeura huangheensis, Tupus orientalis (139576)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	Czech Republic	Bohemiatupus elegans (104948)
Westphalian C - Westphalian D	314.6 - 307.5	France	Gallotupus oudardi (122504)
Westphalian C - Westphalian D	314.6 - 307.5	Canada (Nova Scotia)	Meganeura sp. (155666)
Westphalian D	309.8 - 307.5	USA (Illinois)	Oligotypus makowskii (151850)
Westphalian D	309.8 - 307.5	Germany (Lower Saxony)	Piesbergtupus hielscheri (122518)
Westphalian D	309.8 - 307.5	United Kingdom (England)	Boltonites radstockensis (105765) Meganeura radstockensis (127035)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	France	Dictyoneura monyi, Meganeura brongniarti, Meganeura brongniartiana, Meganeura fafnir, Meganeura draco, Meganeura aeroplana, Meganeura selysii (103635) Meganeurella rapax, Meganeurites gracilipes, Meganeurina confusa, Gilsonia titana (121979)
Stephanian C	301.0 - 300.4	Germany	Stephanotypus schneideri (111009)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Czech Republic	Stephanotypus sp. (114186)
Asselian - Sakmarian	298.9 - 290.1	Germany (Oberfranken)	Ephemerites rueckerti (122599)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Arizona)	Typus gilmorei (123973)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Oklahoma)	Meganeuropsis americana (104822) Meganeuropsis americana, Oligotypus tillyardi (104824) Meganeuropsis americana, Typus gracilis (104823)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	France (Languedoc)	Arctotypus gallicus (105044)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	China (Shanxi)	Arctotypus carbonicus (140458)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Kansas)	Meganeuridae indet., Typus sp., Megatypus schucherti, Megatypus ingentissimus, Typus permianus (111219) Megatypus parvus (111229) Oligotypus sp., Oligotypus tillyardi, Megatypus schucherti, Typus permianus (111217) Oligotypus tillyardi, Megatypus vetustus, Typus readi, Typus permianus (111319) Oligotypus tillyardi, Tupus sp., Tupus readi (111365) Tupus permianus (21979) Typus readi, Typus permianus, Meganeuropsis permiana (114151)
Artinskian - Kungurian	290.1 - 272.3	USA (Arizona)	Typus whitei (11150)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation (Perm)	Arctotypus magnificus, Arctotypus elongatus, Petrotypus multivenosus (111218)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	France	Curvitupus ariegensis (103637)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation (Suksun)	Arctotypus sylvaensis (116641)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	France (Languedoc)	Arctotypus gallicus (105045) Arctotypus intermedius, Nannotupus pumilio (105047) Arctotypus sp. (105048) Nannotupus pumilio (105053) Permotupus minor (105052) Tupus gallicus, Arctotypus merifonsensis, Arctotypus intermedius, Permotupus ollieorum (104990)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Russian Federation (Arkangelsk)	Arctotypus sinuatus (104993) Arctotypus sp., Arctotypus sinuatus, Arctotypus giganteus (104992)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	France	Arctotypus verneti (128570)