Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Holocephalomorpha

Chondrichthyes

Taxonomy
Holocephalomorpha was named by Lund (1986). It is not extant.

It was reranked as the infraclass Holocephalimorpha by Lund and Grogan (1997); it was misspelled as Holocephalimorpha by Lund and Grogan (2004), Goto and Okura (2004), Nelson (2006), Long (2011), Gouiric-Cavalli et al. (2015) and Popov et al. (2020); it was corrected as Holocephalimorpha by Nelson et al. (2016) and Ebersole et al. (2022).

It was assigned to Chondrichthyes by Lund and Grogan (1997) and Lund and Grogan (2004); to Holocephali by Gouiric-Cavalli et al. (2015); and to Holocephali by Goto and Okura (2004), Nelson (2006), Long (2011), Nelson et al. (2016), Popov et al. (2020) and Ebersole et al. (2022).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1986Holocephalomorpha Lund
1997Holocephalimorpha Lund and Grogan
2004Holocephalomorpha Goto and Okura p. 221
2004Holocephalimorpha Lund and Grogan
2006Holocephalimorpha Nelson p. 44
2011Holocephalomorpha Long p. 242
2015Holocephalomorpha Gouiric-Cavalli et al. p. 4
2016Holocephalimorpha Nelson et al. p. 50
2020Holocephalomorpha Popov et al. p. 5
2022Holocephalimorpha Ebersole et al. p. 373

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
RankNameAuthor
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
subclassHolocephali(Bonaparte 1832)
superorderHolocephalomorphaLund 1986
superorderHolocephalomorphaLund 1986

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. †Holocephalomorpha Lund 1986
show all | hide all
Or. Chimaeriformes Obruchev 1953 [chimaera]
hide
G. †Arctacanthus Nielsen 1932
+
Arctacanthus exiguus Yamagishi 2004
Arctacanthus multisectus Branson 1933
Arctacanthus uncinatus Nielsen 1932
Arctacanthus wyomingensis Branson 1934
+
Invalid names: Dolophonodus uncinatus Branson 1933 [replaced]
Invalid names: Ancistriodus Branson 1933 [synonym], Dolophonodus Branson 1933 [synonym], Hamatus Branson 1930 [synonym]
Fm. Callorhynchidae Garman 1901 [plownose chimaera]
+
G. †Bathytheristes Duffin 1995
+
Bathytheristes gracilis Duffin 1995
Subfm. Callorhynchinae Garman 1901
+
G. †Ptyktoptychion Lees 1986
+
Ptyktoptychion tayyo Lees 1986
Ptyktoptychion wadeae Bartholomai 2008
G. Callorhynchus Cuvier 1829
+
Callorhynchus hectori Newton 1876
G. †Edaphadon Buckland 1838
+
Edaphadon mirificus Leidy 1856
G. †Elasmodus Egerton
+
Elasmodus avirostrus Averianov 1999
Elasmodus greenoughi Agassiz 1838
+
Invalid names: Aptychus crassus Hebert 1855 [synonym], Elasmodus crassus Leriche 1906 [synonym], Elasmodus planus Leriche 1929 [synonym]
Elasmodus hunteri Egerton 1843
+
Invalid names: Psaliodus compressus Agassiz 1843 [synonym]
Elasmodus kempi Ward 1977
Elasmodus khosatzkyi Averianov 1999
Elasmodus rossicus Averianov 1999
Elasmodus sinzovi Averianov and Glickman 1994
Elasmodus tsheganicus Averianov 2001
Elasmodus zharyk Averianov 1999
Invalid names: Psaliodus Agassiz 1843 [synonym]
G. †Ischyodus Egerton 1843
+
Ischyodus avitus Meyer 1800
Ischyodus beaumonti Egerton 1843
Ischyodus bifurcatus Case 1978
Ischyodus bohemicus Bayer 1905
Ischyodus dufrenoyi Egerton 1843
Ischyodus egertoni Buckland 1835
Ischyodus emarginatus Egerton 1843
Ischyodus incisus Newton 1878
Ischyodus latus Newton 1878
Ischyodus mortoni Chapman and Pritchard 1907
Ischyodus panus Newton 1878
Ischyodus quenstedti Wagner 1857
Ischyodus rayhaasi Hoganson and Erickson 2005
Ischyodus thurmanni Pictet and Campiche 1878
+
Invalid names: Ischyodus brevirostris Newton 1876 [synonym]
Ischyodus townsendi Buckland 1835
Ischyodus yanschini Averianov 1991
Ischyodus zinsmeisteri Applegate 1975
Invalid names: Edaphodontinae Stahl 1999 [empty]
+
G. †Bryactinus Cope 1875
+
Bryactinus amorphus Cope 1875
G. †Canadodus Popov et al. 2020
+
Canadodus suntoki Popov et al. 2020
G. Chimaera Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. †Chimaera (Psittacodon) Agassiz 1843
+
Chimaera furcata Fritsch 1878
Chimaera pliocenica Woodward 1891
Chimaera venablesae Cassier 1966
G. †Elasmodectes Woodward 1888
+
Elasmodectes willetti Newton 1878
G. †Hedronchus Cope 1876
G. †Hydrolagus Gill 1862
G. †Isotaenia Cope 1875
+
G. †Leptomylus Cope 1869
+
Leptomylus cookii Cope 1870
Leptomylus densus Cope 1869
Leptomylus forfex Cope 1875
G. †Mylognathus Leidy 1856
+
Mylognathus priscus Leidy 1856
G. †Similihariotta Zangerl 1979
+
G. †Sphagepoea Cope 1869
+
Sphagepoea aciculata Cope 1869
+
G. †Anteliochimaera Tanaka 1909
Fm. Callorhinchidae Garman 1901 [plownose chimaera]
+
G. †Brachymylus Smith Woodward 1894
+
Brachymylus latus Duffin 1996
G. Callorhinchus Lacépède 1798
+
Callorhinchus alfordi Cicimurri and Ebersole 2015
Callorhinchus phillipsi Cicimurri and Ebersole 2015
Callorhinchus stahli Kriwet and Gazdizicki 2003
G. †Ganodus Agassiz 1843
+
Chimaera (Ganodus) colei Buckland 1835
Chimaera (Ganodus) owenii Buckland 1835
Ganodus dentatus Egerton 1847
Ganodus oweni Agassiz 1843
Ganodus rugulosus Egerton 1847
G. †Pachymylus Woodward 1892
+
G. †Moskovirhynchus Popov and Shapovalov 2021
+
Moskovirhynchus robustus Popov and Shapovalov 2021
G. †Chalcodus Zittel 1887
Superfm. Chimaeroidea
+
G. †Chimaerotheca Brown 1946
+
Chimaerotheca alaskana Brown 1946
Chimaerotheca besselsi Brown 1946
Fm. †Edaphodontidae Owen 1846
+
G. †Edaphodon Buckland 1838
+
Invalid names: Diphrissa Cope 1875 [synonym], Dipristis Marsh [synonym]
G. †Eumylodus Leidy 1873
G. †Eomanodon Ward and Duffin 1989
+
Eomanodon simmsi Ward and Duffin 1989
+
G. †Amylodon Storms 1894
+
Amylodon karamysh Averianov and Popov 1995
G. †Harriotta Goode and Bean 1895
+
Harriotta lehmani Werdelin 1986
G. †Rhinochimaera Garman 1901
G. †Crassidonta Branson 1916
+
Crassidonta stuckenbergi Branson 1916
Crassidonta subcrenulata Teichert 1943
+
+
G. †Echinochimaera Lund 1977
+
Subor. †Myriacanthoidei Patterson 1965
+
+
G. †Chimaeropsis Zittel 1887
+
Chimaeropsis foussi Casier 1959
Chimaeropsis paradoxa Zittel 1843
Fm. †Myriacanthidae Woodward 1889
+
G. †Acanthorhina Fraas 1910
+
Acanthorhina jaekeli Fraas 1910
G. †Agkistracanthus Duffin and Furrer 1981
+
Agkistracanthus mitgelensis Duffin and Furrer 1981
G. †Alethodontus Duffin 1983
+
Alethodontus bavariensis Duffin 1983
G. †Halonodon Duffin 1984
+
Halonodon luxembourgensis Duffin and Delsate 1993
Halonodon warneri Duffin 1984
G. †Metopacanthus Zittel 1887
+
G. †Myriacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
Myriacanthus granulatus Agassiz 1837
+
Invalid names: Ischyodus orthorhinus Egerton 1871 [synonym]
Myriacanthus paradoxus Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Prognathodus guntheri Egerton 1872 [synonym]
Myriacanthus retrorsus Agassiz 1837
Invalid names: Prognathodus Egerton 1872 [synonym]
G. †Oblidens Duffin and Milàn 2017
+
Oblidens bornholmensis Duffin and Milàn 2017
G. †Recurvacanthus Duffin 1981
+
Invalid names: Acanthorhinidae Patterson 1965 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chimeroidei Patterson 1965 [empty], Myracanthiodei [empty], Squalorajoidei Patterson 1965 [empty]
Or. †Chondrenchelyiformes Moy-Thomas 1939
hide
Fm. †Chondrenchelyidae Berg 1940
+
G. †Chondrenchelys Traquair 1888
+
Chondrenchelys problematica Traquair 1888
G. †Harpagofututor Lund 1982
+
G. †Platyxystrodus Hay 1899
+
Platyxystrodus bellulus St John and Worthen 1875
Platyxystrodus imitatus St John and Worthen 1875
Platyxystrodus inconditus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Platyxystrodus occidentalis St. John 1870
Platyxystrodus simplex St John and Worthen 1875
Platyxystrodus verus John and Worthen 1883
Invalid names: Xystrodus Morris and Roberts 1862 [replaced]
Or. †Cochliodontiformes Obruchev 1953
hide
Fm. †Cochliodontidae Owen 1867
+
G. †Aspidodus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Chitonodus Stjohn and Worthen 1883
+
Chitonodus antiquus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Chitonodus liratus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Chitonodus springeri Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Cochliodus Agassiz 1838
+
Cochliodus acutus Agassiz 1843
Cochliodus contortus Agassiz 1837
Cochliodus latus Leidy 1857
Cochliodus leidyi Saint John and Worthen 1883
+
Invalid names: Deltodus stellatus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym]
Cochliodus vanhornii Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Cranodus Trautschold 1879
G. †Cyrtonodus Davis 1884
+
Cyrtonodus brevis Goto and Okura 2004
Cyrtonodus fukujiensis Goto and Okura 2004
Cyrtonodus hornei Woodward 1889
Cyrtonodus nishioi Goto and Okura 2004
G. †Deltodopsis St John and Worthen 1883
+
Deltodopsis affinis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodopsis angustus Newberry and Worthen 1870
Deltodopsis bialveatus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodopsis convolutus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodopsis exornatus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodopsis inflexus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodopsis sanctiludovici Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Deltodus Morris and Roberts 1862
+
Deltodus alatus Newberry and Worthen 1870
Deltodus angularis Newberry and Worthen 1866
Deltodus cinctulus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus cinctus Newberry 1879
Deltodus cingulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Deltodus concha Trautschold 1874
Deltodus contortus Stjohn and Worthen 1883
Deltodus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1870
Deltodus fasciatus Newberry and Worthen 1870
Deltodus gibbus Woodward 1889
Deltodus grandis Newberry 1879
Deltodus inornatus Newberry 1897
Deltodus intermedius Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus latior Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus littoni Newberry and Worthen 1870
Deltodus mercurei Newberry 1876
Deltodus obliquus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus parvus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus planidens Cope 1894
Deltodus powellii Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus propinquus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus rugosus Woodward 1889
Deltodus spatulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Deltodus sublaevis Agassiz 1843
Deltodus trilobus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltodus undulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Dichelodus Giebel 1857
G. †Diplacodus Davis 1884
+
Diplacodus bulboides Davis 1883
G. †Erismacanthus M'Coy 1848
+
Erismacanthus barbatus Eastman 1903
Erismacanthus formosus Eastman 1902
Erismacanthus jonesii M'Coy 1848
Erismacanthus maccoyanus Stjohn and Worthen 1875
Erismacanthus major Davis 1883
G. †Helodopsis Waagen 1879
+
Helodopsis abbreviata Waagen 1879
Helodopsis elongata Waagen 1879
G. †Icanodus Miller 1892
+
Icanodus convexus Davis 1883
Icanodus limitaris St John and Worthen 1875
Invalid names: Tomodus Davis 1883 [replaced]
G. †Orthopleurodus St John and Worthen 1880
+
Orthopleurodus convexus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Orthopleurodus novomexicanus Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Oxytomodus Trautschold 1880
G. †Paecilodus Agassiz 1843
+
Paecilodus gibbosus Davis 1883
Paecilodus jonesii Mcoy 1855
G. †Periplectrodus St John and Worthen 1875
+
Periplectrodus compressus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Periplectrodus expansus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Periplectrodus warreni Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Platyodus Newberry 1875
+
Platyodus lineatus Newberry 1875
G. †Pleurodus Agassiz 1843
+
Pleurodus rankinii Agassiz 1843
G. †Pleuroplax Woodward 1889
+
Pleuroplax attheyi Barkas 1874
Pleuroplax rankinei Hancock and Atthey 1843
Pleuroplax woodi Davis 1883
G. †Poecilodus Agassiz 1843
+
Poecilodus aliformis M'Coy 1848
Poecilodus carbonarius Saint John and Worthen 1883
Poecilodus cestriensis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Poecilodus convolutus Newberry and Worthen 1870
Poecilodus foveolatus M'Coy 1848
Poecilodus jonesii Agassiz 1843
Poecilodus oliquus Agassiz 1843
Poecilodus paradoxus Waagen 1879
Poecilodus parallelus Agassiz 1843
Poecilodus rugosus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Poecilodus sanctiludovici Saint John and Worthen 1883
Poecilodus springeri Saint John and Worthen 1883
Poecilodus tribulis Stjohn and Worthen 1883
Poecilodus varsoviensis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Poecilodus wortheni Saint John 1883
G. †Rhamphodus Davis 1883
G. †Sandalodus Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Sandalodus angustus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus carbonarius Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus complanatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus crassus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus elllipticus Newberry 1897
Sandalodus laevissimus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus minor Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus morrisii Davis 1883
Sandalodus parvulus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Sandalodus rhomboideus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Stenopterodus St John and Worthen 1883
+
Stenopterodus elongatus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Stenopterodus planus Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Streblodus Agassiz 1843
+
Streblodus angustus Eastman 1903
Streblodus colei Davis 1883
Streblodus egertoni Davis 1883
Streblodus oblongus Agassiz 1843
G. †Taeniodus St John and Worthen 1883
G. †Trigonodus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Vaticinodus St John and Worthen 1883
+
Vaticinodus carbonarius Saint John and Worthen 1883
Vaticinodus discrepans Saint John and Worthen 1883
Vaticinodus lepis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Vaticinodus similis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Vaticinodus simplex Saint John and Worthen 1883
Vaticinodus vetustus Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Venustodus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
Venustodus argutus St John and Worthen 1875
Venustodus leidyi St. John and Worthen 1875
Venustodus robustus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Venustodus tenuicristatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Venustodus variabilis Saint John and Worthen 1875
Venustodus venustus Leidy 1857
G. †Xystrodus Plieninger 1860
+
Xystrodus egertoni Davis 1883
Fm. †Psephodontidae Zangerl 1981
+
G. †Kanodus Lebedev 2014
+
Kanodus robustus Lebedev 2014
G. †Psephodus Morris and Roberts 1862
+
Psephodus crenulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Psephodus dubius Woodward 1889
Psephodus latus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psephodus levissimus Agassiz 1837
Psephodus lunulatus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psephodus magnus Agassiz 1843
Psephodus obliquus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psephodus placenta Newberry and Worthen 1866
Psephodus politus Newberry 1897
Psephodus regularis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psephodus reticulatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Psephodus salopiensis Woodward 1889
Psephodus symmetricus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Invalid names: Psephodus depressus Waagen 1880 [nomen vanum], Psephodus indicus Waagen 1880 [nomen vanum]
G. †Solenodus Trautschold 1874
+
Solenodus crenulatus Trautschold 1874
Or. †Copodontiformes Obruchev 1953
hide
Fm. †Copodontidae Davis 1883
+
G. †Copodus Morris and Roberts 1862
+
Copodus auriculatus Davis 1883
Copodus cornutus Davis 1843
Copodus furcatus Davis 1862
Copodus lingua Davis 1883
Copodus minimus Davis 1883
Copodus oblongus Davis 1883
Copodus pusillus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Copodus spatulatus Davis 1862
Copodus spatulatus Davis 1862
Copodus vanhornii Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Melanodus Darras et al. 2008
+
Melanodus loonesi Darras et al. 2008
hide
Fm. †Deltoptychiidae Zangerl 1981
+
G. †Deltoptychius Morris and Roberts 1862
+
Deltoptychius acutus Agassiz 1843
Deltoptychius expansus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltoptychius nitidus Leidy 1857
Deltoptychius primus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltoptychius varsoviensis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Deltoptychius wachsmuthi Saint John and Worthen 1883
Fm. †Menaspidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Menaspis Ewald 1848
+
Menaspis armata Ewald 1848
Fm. †Traquairiidae Lund and Grogan 1997
+
G. †Traquairius Lund and Grogan 1997
+
Traquairius agkistrocephalus Lund and Grogan 1997
Traquairius nudus Lund and Grogan 1997
Traquairius spinosus Lund and Grogan 1997
Or. †Psammodontiformes Obruchev 1953
hide
+
G. †Apodometes Gistel 1848
G. †Archaeobatis Newberry 1878
+
Archaeobatis gigas Newberry 1878
G. †Astrabodus Davis 1884
G. †Dimyleus Davis 1883
G. †Homalodus Davis 1883
G. †Mazodus Newberry 1899
+
Mazodus kepleri Newberry 1889
G. †Mylacodus Davis 1883
G. †Mylax Morris and Roberts 1883
G. †Pinacodus Davis 1883
G. †Pleurogomphus Agassiz 1862
G. †Psammodus Agassiz 1834
+
Psammodus angularis Newberry and Worthen 1866
Psammodus caelatus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus cornutus Agassiz 1843
Psammodus crassidens Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus expansus Davis 1884
Psammodus glyptus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus grandis Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus longidens Agassiz 1837
Psammodus lovianus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus plenus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus porosus Agassiz 1837
Psammodus reticulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Psammodus rugosus Agassiz 1836
Psammodus salopiensis Woodward 1889
Psammodus springeri Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus tumidus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus turgidus Saint John and Worthen 1883
Psammodus turgidus Agassiz 1838
G. †Rhizodus
+
Rhizodus gracilis M'Coy 1848
Rhizodus hibberti Agassiz 1843
Rhizodus reticulatus Newberry and Worthen 1870
Invalid names: Characodus Morris and Roberts 1862 [synonym]
G. †Rhymodus Davis 1883
Or. †Squalorajiformes Patterson 1965
hide
Fm. †Squalorajidae Woodward 1886
+
G. †Squaloraja Riley 1833
+
Squaloraja polyspondyla Agassiz 1836
Squaloraja tenuispina Woodward 1886
Invalid names: Spinacorhinus Agassiz 1836 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektobenthico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-21 06:36:22
Modified: 2009-07-21 08:36:22
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Givetian to the top of the Waipipian or 387.70000 to 3.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 382.7 Ma

Collections (350 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Givetian387.7 - 382.7France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) Melanodus loonesi (90628)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (California) Cochliodontiformes indet. (206454)
Kinderhookian360.7 - 353.8USA (Montana) Psammodus sp. (545)
Early/Lower Mississippian360.7 - 345.3USA (Iowa) Erismacanthus barbatus (133258)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Belarus (Homel) Rhizodus sp. (232531)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2USA (Alabama) Psammodus sp. (84103)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2United Kingdom Cochliodus magnus (132784) Erismacanthus jonesi, Copodus cornutus, Copodus spatulatus, Copodus furcatus, Mesogomphus lingua, Pleurogomphus auriculatus, Psammodus trapeziformis, Psephodus magnus, Xystrodus striatus, Paecilodus jonesii, Paecilodus gibbosus, Streblodus oblongus, Streblodus colei, Deltoptychius acutus, Erismacanthus major, Cochliodus contortus (137333) Poecilodus foveolatus (132729) Poecilodus sublaevis, Helodus turgidus, Psammodus rugosus, Cochliodus acutus, Cochliodus magnus, Cochliodus oblongus, Cochliodus striatus, Erismacanthus jonesii, Poecilodus jonesii, Poecilodus oliquus, Poecilodus parallelus, Psammodus canaliculatus, Psammodus cornutus, Cochliodus contortus (132781) Psammodus rugosus (132789) Psephodus salopiensis, Psephodus dubius, Sandalodus morrisii (137332)
Osagean353.8 - 342.8USA (Indiana) Sandalodus sp. (6670)
Osagean353.8 - 342.8USA (Iowa) Deltodus spatulatus (133270) Deltodus spatulatus, Deltodus occidentalis (133094)
Visean346.7 - 330.9Egypt Psammodus sp., Psephodus sp. (46983)
Visean346.7 - 330.9Russian Federation (Komi) Venustodus sp. (133366)
Visean346.7 - 330.9United Kingdom Cochliodus magnus, Cochliodus striatus, Poecilodus jonesii, Psammodus cornutus (132783)
Visean346.7 - 330.9Belgium Taeniodus contortus (133095)
Chadian345.3 - 345.0United Kingdom (England) Psephodus magnus (5970)
Arundian345.0 - 342.8United Kingdom (Scotland) Deltoptychius armigerus, Chondrenchelys problematica (90682)
Asbian339.4 - 336.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Rhizodus hibberti (230473)
Asbian339.4 - 336.0United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Psammodus sp. (6949)
Asbian - Brigantian339.4 - 326.4United Kingdom (England) Psephodus magnus (5986)
Brigantian336.0 - 326.4United Kingdom Rhizodus gracilis, Rhizodus hibberti (132778)
Brigantian336.0 - 326.4Thailand Psammodontidae indet. (130649)