PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Limnophilinae

Insecta - Diptera - Limoniidae

Taxonomy

Limnophilinae was named by Bigot (1854). It is extant. Its type is Limnophila.

It was assigned to Limoniidae by Podenas (2003), Ribeiro (2008), Podenas and Weiterschan (2011), Krzemiński (2019), Krzemiński et al. (2021) and Santos et al. (2024).

Subtaxa

Afrolimnophila, Austrolimnophila, Eloeophila, Epiphragma, Gurnardia, Gynoplistia, Hexatoma (syn. Anisomera), Limnophila (syn. Heteropoecilostola, Heterolimnophila) (type genus), Neolimnomyia, Phylidorea, Pilaria, Polymera, Pseudolimnophila, Tonnoirella

Synonyms

Hexatominae was named by Hendel and Beier (1938). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Limnophilinae by Ribeiro (2008).

It was assigned to Limoniidae by Krzemiński (1991), Krzemiński and Gentilini (1992), Krzemiński (2000) and Podenas and Poinar (2001).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1854	Limnophilinae Bigot p. 473
1938	Hexatominae Hendel and Beier
1991	Hexatominae Krzemiński p. 312
1992	Hexatominae Krzemiński and Gentilini p. 87
2000	Hexatominae Krzemiński p. 241
2001	Hexatominae Podenas and Poinar
2003	Limnophilinae Podenas p. 126
2008	Limnophilinae Ribeiro
2011	Limnophilinae Podenas and Weiterschan p. 149
2019	Limnophilinae Krzemiński p. 503
2021	Limnophilinae Krzemiński et al. p. 170
2024	Limnophilinae Santos et al. p. 77

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825

Rank	Name	Author
class	Insecta
order	Diptera
suborder	Nematocera	Latreille 1825
infraorder	Tipulomorpha
superfamily	Tipuloidea
family	Limoniidae
subfamily	Limnophilinae
subfamily	Limnophilinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Limnophilinae Bigot 1854

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G. Afrolimnophila Alexander 1956

†Afrolimnophila niggelohi Podenas and Weiterschan 2011

G. Austrolimnophila Alexander 1920

Subg. Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) Alexander 1920

†Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) joana Podenas and Poinar 2009

G. Eloeophila Rondani 1856

†Eloeophila eocenica Santos et al. 2024

†Eloeophila moba Podenas 2003

†Eloeophila scudderi Santos et al. 2024

Invalid names: Cladura maculata Scudder 1894 [replaced]

G. †Gurnardia Krzemiński 2019

†Gurnardia corami Krzemiński 2019

G. Gynoplistia Macquart 1835

Gynoplistia annulata Macquart 1835

†Gynoplistia fouldensensis Nel and Kaulfuss 2024

†Gynoplistia mitchelli Jarzembowski 1991

G. Hexatoma Latreille 1809

Subg. Hexatoma (Eriocera) Macquart 1838

†Hexatoma (Eriocera) palpata Meunier 1906

†Hexatoma (Eriocera) plastica Alexander 1931

†Hexatoma (Eriocera) serafini Krzemiński 1998

†Hexatoma dimidiata Henriksen 1922

†Hexatoma minuta Alexander 1931

Hexatoma nigra Latreille 1809

†Hexatoma succini Osten Sacken 1869

Invalid names: Anisomera Meigen 1818 [synonym]

G. Limnophila Macquart 1834

Subg. †Limnophila (Burmolimnophila) Podenas and Poinar 2009

†Limnophila (Burmolimnophila) bora Podenas and Poinar 2009

Subg. Limnophila (Limnophila) Macquart 1834

†Limnophila (Limnophila) cyclospila Cockerell and Haines 1921

†Limnophila (Limnophila) deleta Cockerell 1921

Subg. Limnophila (Prionolabis) Osten Sacken 1860

†Limnophila brevipetiolata Meunier 1906

†Limnophila calcarea Piton and Théobald 1939

†Limnophila elegans Theobald 1937

†Limnophila furcata Giebel 1856

†Limnophila marklae Wighton 1980

Limnophila montana Osten Sacken 1860

†Limnophila pterotrichia Statz 1934

†Limnophila rhenana Meunier 1923

†Limnophila rogersii Scudder 1894

†Limnophila samlandica Alexander 1931

†Limnophila skwarrae Alexander 1931

†Limnophila statzi Evenhuis 1994

Invalid names: Limnophila robusta Statz 1934 [replaced]

†Limnophila umbonata Statz 1944

†Limnophila vasta Scudder 1894

†Limnophila veterana Statz 1934

Invalid names: Heterolimnophila Meunier 1906 [synonym], Heteropoecilostola Meunier 1899 [synonym], Limnophila longipes Loew 1850 [nomen nudum]

G. Phylidorea Bigot 1854

†Phylidorea pulchripennis Meunier 1906

†Phylidorea servilis Alexander 1931

G. Pilaria Sintenis 1889

†Pilaria baltica Alexander 1931

†Pilaria batheri Alexander 1931

†Pilaria castellariana Krzemiński and Gentilini 1992

†Pilaria electrina Cockerell and Clark 1918

†Pilaria elongata Meunier 1906

†Pilaria hooleyi Krzemiński 2019

†Pilaria magdalena Krzemiński 2020

†Pilaria volodii Krzemiński 2019

†Pilaria wojciechi Kopeć 2020

G. Polymera Wiedemann 1821

Subg. Polymera (Polymera) Wiedemann 1821

†Polymera (Polymera) alexanderi Krzemiński et al. 2021

†Polymera (Polymera) magnifica Meunier 1906

†Polymera (Polymera) specula Podenas and Poinar 1999

†Polymera (Polymera) virgo Podenas and Poinar 1999

G. Pseudolimnophila Alexander 1919

Subg. †Pseudolimnophila (Baltilimnophila) Krzemiński 1990

†Pseudolimnophila (Baltilimnophila) elegantissima Meunier 1906

†Pseudolimnophila (Baltilimnophila) pulcherrima Krzemiński 1990

Subg. Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) Alexander 1919

†Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) disjunctula Cockerell and Haines 1921

†Pseudolimnophila ambigua Alexander 1931

†Pseudolimnophila concinna Meunier 1906

†Pseudolimnophila continuata Meunier 1906

†Pseudolimnophila exigua Meunier 1906

†Pseudolimnophila inculpata Alexander 1931

†Pseudolimnophila loewiella Alexander 1931

†Pseudolimnophila pinicola Alexander 1931

†Pseudolimnophila producta Meunier 1906

†Pseudolimnophila siciliana Krzemiński and Skalski 1983

†Pseudolimnophila speirsae Wighton 1980

†Pseudolimnophila timida Alexander 1931

†Pseudolimnophila vulcana Meunier 1906

G. Tonnoirella Alexander 1928

Invalid names: Hexatominae Hendel and Beier 1938 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Hauterivian to the top of the Messinian or 136.40000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 130.0 Ma

Collections (36 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Hauterivian	136.4 - 130.0	United Kingdom (England)	Gynoplistia mitchelli (106417)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Myanmar	Pilaria wojciechi, Pilaria magdalena (187929)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Myanmar (Kachin)	Limnophila bora, Austrolimnophila joana (104053)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	Pseudolimnophila speirsae, Limnophila marklae (119816)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Denmark	Eriocera dimidiata (156722)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation	Eloeophila eocenica (232907)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Primorskiy)	Neolimnomyia fragmentata (123794)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)	Afrolimnophila niggelohi (140480) Austrolimnophila elegantissima (123757) Eloeophila moba (110735 124517) Limnobia furcata (147344) Limnophila electrina (140306) Limnophila elegantissima, Limnophila vulcana, Prionolabis producta, Pseudolimnophila pinicola, Pseudolimnophila ambigua, Limnophila samlandica, Limnophila skwarrae, Pilaria electrina (124073) Pilaria batheri, Eriocera plastica, Anisomera succini (123766) Pseudolimnophila elegantissima (123962) Pseudolimnophila loewiella, Pseudolimnophila timida, Prionolabis producta, Prionolabis exigua, Pseudolimnophila inculpata, Limnophila continuata, Limnophila pulchripennis, Limnophila servilis, Limnophila brevipetiolata, Limnophila elongata, Pilaria baltica, Polymera magnifica, Hexatoma minuta, Eriocera palpata, Limnophila concinna, Eriocera succini (123927) Pseudolimnophila vulcana, Polymera magnifica (127170)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Poland	Hexatoma serafini (123215)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	Adelphomyia disjunctula, Gurnardia corami, Limnophila cyclospila, Limnophila deleta, Pilaria hooleyi (123960) Limnophila cyclospila, Limnophila deleta, Gurnardia corami, Pilaria hooleyi, Pilaria volodii, Pseudolimnophila disjunctula (123959) Limnophila cyclospila, Limnophila deleta, Pseudolimnophila disjunctula (21976) Limnophila deleta (113829)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Cladura maculata, Limnophila rogersii, Limnophila vasta (106384)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	France (Bouches-du-Rhone)	Limnophila elegans (122464)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	France (Puy-de-Dome)	Limnophila calcarea (155204)
MP 30	28.4 - 23.03	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	Limnophila rhenana (138696) Limnophila sp. 1, Limnophila sp. 4 (153359)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)	Limnophila sp. 2, Limnophila sp. 3, Limnophila umbonata, Limnophila robusta, Limnophila veterana, Limnophila pterotrichia (122010)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	New Zealand	Gynoplistia fouldensensis (50035)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Epiphragma sp., Polymera sp., Epiphragma aurora, Polymera specula, Polymera virgo (122472) Polymera alexanderi (122982 155386)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Australia (New South Wales)	Tonnoirella sp. (224044)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Italy	Pseudolimnophila siciliana (157035)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy	Pilaria castellariana (113886)