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Paraspiriferina
Taxonomy
Spiriferina (Paraspiriferina) was named by Reed (1944) [Sepkoski's age data: P Asse Tr Indu-l Sepkoski's reference number: 7,1128]. Its type is Spiriferina (Paraspiriferina) ghundiensis. It is the type subgenus of Paraspiriferinidae.
It was reranked as Paraspiriferina by Sepkoski (2002), Shen et al. (2003) and Williams et al. (2006).
It was assigned to Spiriferina by Reed (1944); to Spiriferida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Paraspiriferinidae by Shen et al. (2003) and Williams et al. (2006).
It was reranked as Paraspiriferina by Sepkoski (2002), Shen et al. (2003) and Williams et al. (2006).
It was assigned to Spiriferina by Reed (1944); to Spiriferida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Paraspiriferinidae by Shen et al. (2003) and Williams et al. (2006).
Subtaxa
P. amoena, P. billingsi, P. cellulana, P. convexa, P. evax (syn. Spiriferina sulcata), P. formulosa, P. gentilis, P. ghundiensis, P. laqueata, P. multiplicata (syn. Trigonotreta jonesiana, Spiriferina margaritae), P. paginata, P. pulchra, P. punjabensis, P. rotundata, P. sapinea, P. setulosa, P. transversa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1944 | Spiriferina (Paraspiriferina) Reed p. 252 |
| 2002 | Paraspiriferina Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Paraspiriferina Shen et al. p. 87 |
| 2006 | Paraspiriferina Williams et al. p. 1914 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Paraspiriferina Reed 1944
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†Paraspiriferina amoena Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina billingsi Shumard 1858
†Paraspiriferina cellulana Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina convexa Cooper 1953
†Paraspiriferina formulosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina gentilis Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina ghundiensis Reed 1944
†Paraspiriferina laqueata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina multiplicata Sowerby 1829
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Invalid names: Spiriferina margaritae Gemmellaro 1899 [synonym], Trigonotreta jonesiana King 1850 [synonym]
†Paraspiriferina paginata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina pulchra Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina punjabensis Reed 1931
†Paraspiriferina rotundata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina sapinea Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina setulosa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Paraspiriferina transversa Chen 2004
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 96 | 7.29 | 1.80 | 19.6 | 8.05 | 4.11 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Asselian to the top of the Changhsingian or 298.90000 to 252.17000 Ma
Collections (281 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asselian | China (Xinjiang) | P. transversa (105227) | |
| Asselian | USA (Texas) | P. amoena (43472 43473 43481) P. sp. (43482) P. sp., P. amoena (43468) | |
| Asselian | China | P. transversa (35512) | |
| Sakmarian | Japan | P. sp. (97225) | |
| Kungurian | Tajikistan | P. sp. (182705 182708) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | P. cellulana (102623 105879 106165) P. sp. (75923 81592 81949) P. sp., P. sulcata (43513) Spiriferina hilli (149834) | |
| Kungurian | Oman | P. gentilis (166923) | |
| Roadian | USA (Texas) | P. cellulana (43554 43563 101807 102603 105874 106038) P. cellulana, P. pulchra (102610) P. laqueata (43548 43551 81650 105592 105932) P. laqueata, P. rotundata (102605) P. paginata (81693 81722 102602 106021) P. pulchra (101783 102607 102615 102621 105742 105873 106107 106109) P. rotundata (105726 105741) P. setulosa (81645 105750 105887) P. sp. (43465 102616 105743 105850) P. sp., P. laqueata (106123) P. sp., P. laqueata, P. setulosa (43553) P. sp., P. paginata (101767) Spiriferina billingsi (108822 108862) | |
| Roadian | Thailand (Ratchaburi) | P. ghundiensis (40936) | |
| Roadian | Thailand (Trang) | P. gentilis (40869 40870 40871 40874 40879 40896 40897 40899) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | USA (Texas) | P. laqueata (102630 106053) P. sp. (106147) | |
| Roadian - Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Spiriferina evax, Spiriferina billingsi (108835) | |
| Wordian | Mexico (Sonora) | Punctospirifer convexus (40823) | |
| Wordian | USA (Texas) | P. billingsi (102619 105897 105899 105900 106111 106244 106245) P. billingsi, P. sapinea (101867 105896) P. laqueata (43557) P. laqueata, P. rotundata (43550) P. paginata (81636 81695 81709 105573) P. rotundata (43526 105683 105821 105977 106105 106290 106291) P. sapinea (81586 81619 81940 105902 106108 106138 106139 106299) P. sp. (81628 106157) P. sp., P. rotundata (105764) P. sp., P. sapinea (81939) Spiriferina billingsi (108821) | |
| Wordian | Italy | Spiriferina margaritae (108672 108675) | |
| Wordian | China (Nei Mongol) | Punctospirifer multiplicata (109617) | |
| Wordian | Thailand (Ratchaburi) | Spiriferellina multiplicata (116879) | |
| Wordian | Canada (British Columbia) | Spiriferina billingsi (62320) | |
| Wordian - Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Spiriferina billingsii (133737) | |
| Capitanian | USA (Texas) | P. billingsi (81517 81589 81593 81609 81615 81626 81698 81960 101809 102618 105904 105993 106243 106248 106249 106250 106251) P. billingsi, P. evax (101798 102624 106242) P. billingsi, P. sapinea (81623 105895) P. evax (105994 106161) P. sapinea (81624 81631 81632 81697 81706 105894 105903) P. sp. (81591 81612 81613 81618) P. sp., P. sapinea (105893) Spiriferina billingsii (133736) Spiriferina evax (108801) Spiriferina evax, Spiriferina sulcata, Spiriferina billingsi (108812) Spiriferina sulcata (108823) | |
| Capitanian | Pakistan | Spiriferina multiplicata (127033) | |
| Capitanian | USA (New Mexico) | P. billingsi (81629 81964 81968 102609 102622 102625 102629 105989 106302) P. sapinea (81620) Spiriferina billingsii (133738) | |
| Capitanian | Malaysia (Pahang) | P. sp. (42716) | |
| Wuchiapingian | USA (Wyoming) | P. formulosa (105510 105512) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Hunan) | P. multiplicata (117499) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Guangxi) | P. sp. (50022 50027) Punctospirifer multiplicatus (112363 112428) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Chongqing) | P. multiplicata (156831 156867 156869 156871 156873 156875) Spiriferina multiplicata (111069 111075) | |
| Wuchiapingian | United Kingdom | Spirifer multiplicatus (130834 130870 130871 130872) Trigonotreta jonesiana (130769) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Sichuan) | P. sp. (56610) | |
| Wuchiapingian | United Kingdom (England) | Spirifer multiplicatus (116168 117880) Spiriferina multiplicata (110500) Trigonotreta jonesiana (95677) Trigonotreta jonesiana, Trigonotreta multiplicata (130766) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Greenland | Spiriferina multiplicata (107370 107371 107372 107373 107374 107375 107378 107382 107383 107533 107536 107537 107538 107539) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Xizang) | P. sp. (60587 73594) Spiriferina margaritae (230327) | |
| Wuchiapingian | North Atlantic | Trigonotreta multiplicata (130842) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Greece | P. cellulana, P. multiplicata (64171) P. sp. (64174) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Pakistan | Spiriferina ghundiensis (126264 126345 126984 126993) Spiriferina ghundiensis, Spiriferina punjabensis (125963 126293 126343 126344 126452 126453) Spiriferina margaritae (127030) Spiriferina multiplicata (88933 90253 117776 119843 125897 125898 126294 126295 126298 126300 126693 127025 127028) Spiriferina multiplicata, Spiriferina ghundiensis, Spiriferina punjabensis (126281) Spiriferina multiplicata, Spiriferina punjabensis (126280) Spiriferina punjabensis (126267 126271 126279 126302 126341 126342) Spiriferina sp. (126458) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Guizhou) | Punctospirifer multiplicata (197497) Punctospirifer multiplicatus (111995 111998 111999 112000 112001 112002 112007) Spiriferina multiplicata (110326 110972 136247) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Madagascar (Diana) | Spiriferina billingsi (81987) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | Pakistan | Spiriferina ghundiensis (126986) Spiriferina multiplicata (126706 126762) Spiriferina punjabensis (126998) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Sichuan) | P. multiplicata (156811 156818) | |
| Changhsingian | Pakistan | Spiriferina multiplicata (126882) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Chongqing) | P. multiplicata (94966 94967 94968 94969 94970 94977 94984) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Xizang) | P. multiplicata (203191) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | P. multiplicata (117476 117481) Punctospirifer multiplicatus (111990 111992) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | P. sp. (50024) Punctospirifer multiplicatus (149204 149207) | |
| Changhsingian | Nepal | P. sp. (43187) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Hunan) | Punctospirifer multiplicatus (105918) |