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Miniochoerinae
Taxonomy
Miniochoerinae was named by Schultz and Falkenbach (1956).
It was assigned to Merycoidodontidae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1956), Stevens and Stevens (1996) and Stevens and Stevens (2007).
It was assigned to Merycoidodontidae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1956), Stevens and Stevens (1996) and Stevens and Stevens (2007).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1956 | Miniochoerinae Schultz and Falkenbach p. 391 |
| 1996 | Miniochoerinae Stevens and Stevens p. 538 |
| 2007 | Miniochoerinae Stevens and Stevens p. 160 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Miniochoerinae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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G. †Miniochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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†Miniochoerus affinis Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Merycoidodon platycephalus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Miniochoerus battlecreekensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Oreodon coloradoensis Matthew 1909 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus sternbergi Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym]
†Miniochoerus chadronensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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Invalid names: Parastenopsochoerus conversensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus (Pseudostenopsochoerus) douglasensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus reideri Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym]
†Miniochoerus forsythae Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
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Invalid names: Otionohyus wardi degrooti Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [invalid subgroup], Prodesmatochoerus natronensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1954 [synonym]
†Miniochoerus gracilis Leidy 1851
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†Oreodon gracile coloradoensis Cope 1884
Invalid names: Oreodon minor Cope 1888 [synonym]
†Miniochoerus starkensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
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Invalid names: Miniochoerus (Paraminiochoerus) helprini Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus (Paraminiochoerus) ottensi Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus cheyennensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus helprini Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Miniochoerus nicholsae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Platyochoerus hatcreekensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Platyochoerus heartensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus berardae Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus joderensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym]
Invalid names: Miniochoerus (Paraminiochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [invalid subgroup], Parastenopsochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Platyochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [synonym], Stenopsochoerus (Pseudostenopsochoerus) Schultz and Falkenbach 1956 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1956 | SKULLSOF SMALLto medium size, dolichoce- phalic to mesocephalic; supraoccipital wings widely spread and incorporated into a fan- shaped occipital region, wings extended pos- teriorly for only a short distance to area above occipital condyles ( supraoccipital wings with greater spread and decidedly less posterior pro- jection than in examples of M erycoidodon, see discussion, p. 388) ; temporal ridge extends forward and outward to anterior border of postorbital process or to a point somewhat an- terior (in Merychyus the ridge extends to the posterior border of postorbital process) ; supra- orbital foramen usually with well-defined an- terior groove, often extending forward and downward on side of face; anterior nasal- maxilla contact in area above C/ ; orbit small and roundish; nasals with slight anterior re- traction ; bulla small (minute in comparison with examples of M erychyus), becoming slightly larger with posterior migration of hyoid pit in each successive species (upper Chadron through Brule) of respective generic and sub- generic lines ; paroccipital process moderately light with antero-extemal area excavated, great- est diameter at approximately 45-degree angle to longitudinal axis of skull, base incorporated into fan-shaped occipital region; postglenoid process compressed anteroposteriorly, external border sloping inward and downward; glenoid surface usually arched anteroposteriorly ; as- cending ramus moderately high ; prominent apophysis or process posterior to mandibular condyle; teeth brachyodont; C/ and P1 large (no indication of large and small C/ and P1 in same species as in Merychyits) ; premolars from small to comparatively large ; P1-P' each with anterior intermediate crest (in many in- stances the C/ has a definite ridge that appears to represent the anterior intermediate crest) ;
posterior portion of M8 decidedly smaller than anterior portion; P' with pillar-like primary cusp on internal side ; superior and inferior molars with shallow fossettes ( see discussion, p. 388) ; Ms with moderately prominent heel. | |
| M. S. Stevens and J. B. Stevens 1996 | Medium-small to small , mesocephalic (Table 7) oreodonts that have skulls with steep premaxillae, convex nasal profiles, Subnasal L. averages 50-63% of the Nasal L., relatively small orbits located rather low on the sides of the face, persistently small auditory bullae with deep hyoidal grooves, unspecialized zygoma, generally with only a moder- ately prominent, little protracted, and somewhat broadened nuchal crest, and teeth that have thinned and progressively thinner enamel on the middle surfaces of the crests and selenes, a distinctive feature first noted by Leidy (1852, p. 551). Mean pl_P4 values range from 47% to 44% of P1-M 3 (Table 3), mean APM3rrM3 ratios range from 0.98 to 1.05 (Table 5), the M3 is brachydont and mean APM3/Ht. M3 ratios range from 1.85 to 2.07 (Table 4), and the TM3/Ht. M3 ratios increase slightly but regularly (except ?M.
forsythae, 1.89) with time from 1.82 to 1.95 (youngest) as the M3 becomes lower crowned relative to the width (Table 6). Primitive Miniochoerinae have less reduced enamel, longer and narrower occiputs, and deeper preorbital fossae than younger species. Of pertinent subfamilies, Miniochoerinae differ from Oreonetinae Schultz and Falkenbach ( 1956) and Merycoidodontinae Hay (1902) by notably thinned enamel on the premolar- molar crests and selenes; differ from Oreonetinae and early Leptaucheniinae Schultz and Falkenbach (1940, 1968) (Limnenetes) by much larger size; differ from Limnenetes by lower crowned teeth; and differ from post-early Orellan Merycoidodontinae and Leptau- cheniinae by retaining small auditory bullae. |