PBDB Taxon

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Daptocephalus leoniceps

Anomodontia

Taxonomy

Dicynodon leoniceps was named by Owen. Its type locality is Gats River, Graaff-Reinet, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodon lacerticeps by Brink (1986); it was recombined as Daptocephalus leoniceps by Van Hoepen (1934) and Kammerer et al. (2011).

Synonyms

Dicynodon watsoni was named by Broom (1921). Its type specimen is SAM-PK-7849, a partial skull (frontal and parietal regions), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is New Bethesda Commonage, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in the Balfour Formation of South Africa.

It was recombined as Daptocephalus watsoni by Van Hoepen (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon daptocephaloides was named by Toerien (1955). Its type specimen is BP/1/555, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Grootdriefontein (Dicynodon Assemblage Zone), which is in a Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in the Teekloof Formation of South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Kitching (1977) and Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon leontocephalus was named by Broom (1950). Its type specimen is RC 96, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Springfield, Middelburg, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon leontops was named by Broom (1913). Its type specimen is AMNH FARB 5582, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Bethulie Coomonage (Dicynodon Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial siliciclastic in the Katberg Formation of South Africa.

It was recombined as Daptocephalus leontops by Van Hoepen (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon lissops was named by Broom (1913). Its type specimen is AMNH FARB 5508, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wilgerbosch, New Bethesda, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Daptocephalus lissops by Van Hoepen (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon osborni was named by Broom (1921). Its type specimen is AMNH FARB 5598, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wapadsberg Area (Dicynodon Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in the Balfour Formation of South Africa.

It was recombined as Daptocephalus osborni by Van Hoepen (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodon lacerticeps by Brink (1986); it was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Kammerer et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1876	Dicynodon leoniceps Owen
1913	Dicynodon leontops Broom
1913	Dicynodon lissops Broom
1921	Dicynodon osborni Broom
1921	Dicynodon watsoni Broom
1934	Daptocephalus leoniceps Van Hoepen
1934	Daptocephalus leontops Van Hoepen
1934	Daptocephalus lissops Van Hoepen
1934	Daptocephalus osborni Van Hoepen
1934	Daptocephalus watsoni Van Hoepen
1950	Dicynodon leontocephalus Broom
1954	Dicynodon leontops Haughton and Brink
1954	Dicynodon lissops Haughton and Brink
1955	Dicynodon daptocephaloides Toerien
1981	Dicynodon leoniceps Cluver and Hotton
1988	Dicynodon leoniceps King
1988	Dicynodon leontops King
1988	Dicynodon lissops King
2011	Daptocephalus leoniceps Kammerer et al. p. 136 figs. Figs. 70, 161C, D

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
order	Anomodontia	Owen 1859
order	Dicynodontia	()
—	Dicynodontoidea	Cluver and King 1983
genus	Daptocephalus	van Hoepen 1934
species	leoniceps	(Owen)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Daptocephalus leoniceps Owen

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Invalid names: Daptocephalus osborni Broom 1921 [synonym], Daptocephalus watsoni Broom 1921 [synonym], Dicynodon daptocephaloides Toerien 1955 [synonym], Dicynodon leontocephalus Broom 1950 [synonym], Dicynodon leontops Broom 1913 [synonym], Dicynodon lissops Broom 1913 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
C. F. Kammerer et al. 2011	A very large Permian dicynodontoid characterized by the following unique combination of characters: a steeply angled, sloping snout, anteroposteriorly short premaxilla with weakly ‘hooked’ tip, ventrally directed caniniform process, ru- gose orbital rim, squamosal with broadly rounded dorsal margin in lateral view, postfrontals exposed as thin, strap-like bones at the anteromedian edges of the postorbitals, extremely long, nar- row intertemporal bar with extremely narrow or no median ex- posure of parietals, and vertical orientation of the postorbitals in the intertemporal bar.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Diet:

herbivoreo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:33:45

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:33:45

Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Benton 1983

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Changhsingian or 259.90000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (22 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Tanzania (Ruvuma)	Dicynodon leoniceps (190330)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Daptocephalus leoniceps (80174 80216 86258 177563 178872 180724 181802) Daptocephalus leoniceps, Dicynodon leontocephalus (177039) Daptocephalus leoniceps, Dicynodon lissops (176312) Daptocephalus leoniceps, Dicynodon osborni (175553 177604) Dicynodon leoniceps (177038) Dicynodon watsoni, Daptocephalus leoniceps (80219)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Free State)	Daptocephalus leoniceps (179592) Daptocephalus leoniceps, Dicynodon leontops (177542)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)	Daptocephalus leoniceps (176319 177004)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Daptocephalus leoniceps (174623 175567) Dicynodon lissops (80176)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Dicynodon daptocephaloides (80223)