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Hipparion phlegrae
Taxonomy
Hipparion phlegrae was named by Lazaridis and Tsoukala (2014). Its type specimen is KRY 2800, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Kryopigi, which is in a Turolian terrestrial horizon in the Triglia Formation of Greece.
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2014 | Hipparion phlegrae Lazaridis and Tsoukala p. 165–166 figs. 2, S2–S5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Hipparion phlegrae Lazaridis and Tsoukala 2014
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| G. Lazaridis and E. Tsoukala 2014 | Diagnosis-Hipparion of small size with advanced cursorial mode of locomotion; hypsodont and well adapted to grazing diet; mesaticephalic with short and excessively broad muzzle; vestigial preorbital fossa, shallow and weakly defined, at long distance from the anterior orbital rim; lacrimal placed posteriorly to the preorbital fossa; nasal notch placed anteriorly of P2; simple enamel pattern; well-developed lingual hypoconal groove and frequent hypocone isolation at M3; pli cabalin single and rarely bifid, may be absent in molars even at early-middle worn teeth (second stage of wear); protoconal spur frequent; protostylid occurs in one-third of the premolars in medial wear; talonid of the third molar occasionally bifid; postcranial bones small and slender; metatarsals with articular facet for the second cuneiform.
Differential Diagnosis-In comparison with H. prostylum, H. phlegrae presents smaller cranial and postcranial size, shorter and relatively broader muzzle, vestigial preorbital fossa placed closer to the orbit, infraorbital foramen placed closer to the alveolar plane, simpler enamel pattern, more hypsodont, shorter and broader symphysis, shorter molar series, and slenderer metapodials. In comparison with H. dietrichi, H. phlegrae presents smaller cranial and postcranial size, shorter and relatively broader muzzle, vestigial preorbital fossa, shorter and broader symphysis, shorter molar series length, more hypsodont, presence of a protoconal spur >10%; protostylid frequently present (∼30%), occurring on the occlusal surface of the permanent lower premolars at an earlier wear stage; presence of pli caballinid in molars (>10%); and frequent hypocone isolation in the third molar (>40%), rare occurrence of ectostylid on p4, shorter metapodials with presence of an articular facet for the second cuneiform. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991 | |||||