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Pentacrinitidae
Taxonomy
Pentacrinitidae was named by Gray (1842).
It was assigned to Isocrinida by Ubaghs et al. (1978) and Jäger (1985); and to Pentacrinitina by Hess and Messing (2011) and Hess (2012).
It was assigned to Isocrinida by Ubaghs et al. (1978) and Jäger (1985); and to Pentacrinitina by Hess and Messing (2011) and Hess (2012).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1842 | Pentacrinidae Gray |
| 1842 | Pentacrinitidae Gray |
| 1915 | Pentacrinidae Clark and Twitchell p. 21 |
| 1958 | Pentacrinidae Anderson p. 83 |
| 1978 | Pentacrinitidae Ubaghs et al. p. T863 |
| 1985 | Pentacrinitidae Jäger p. 93 |
| 2011 | Pentacrinitidae Hess and Messing p. 42 |
| 2012 | Pentacrinitidae Hess p. 231 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Pentacrinitidae Gray 1842
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G. †Pentacrinites Blumenbach 1804
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†Pentacrinites asteriscus Meek and Hayden 1858
†Pentacrinites ausichi Hess 2012
†Pentacrinites fossilis Blumenbach 1804
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Invalid names: Pentacrinites briareus Miller 1821 [synonym], Pentacrinites britannicus von Schlotheim 1813 [objective synonym]
†Pentacrinites quenstedti Oppel 1856
†Pentacrinites subangularis Miller 1821
Invalid names: Extracrinus Austin and Austin 1847 [synonym], Heterocrinus Fraas 1858 [synonym], Pentacrinus Miller 1821 [nomen vanum]
G. †Seirocrinus Gislen 1924
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†Seirocrinus subangularis Miller 1821
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Invalid names: Extracrinus lepidotus Austin and Austin 1847 [synonym], Pentacrinites briaroides Quenstedt 1852 [synonym], Pentacrinites colligatus Quenstedt 1852 [synonym], Pentacrinites fasciculosus von Schlotheim 1813 [synonym], Pentacrinus hiemeri Koenig 1825 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pentacrinidae Gray 1842 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pelsonian to the top of the Priabonian or 247.20000 to 33.90000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 242.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 242.0 Ma
Collections (162 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triassic | USA (Alaska) | Pentacrinus sp. (112235) | |
| Anisian | New Zealand | Pentacrinites carolinensis (60991) | |
| Anisian | Poland | Pentacrinus dubius (63538) | |
| Pelsonian | Italy (Vicentin) | Pentacrinus dubius (87260) | |
| Middle Triassic | USA (California) | Pentacrinus asteriscus (33195) | |
| Middle Triassic | Italy (Trento) | Pentacrinus sp. (202272) | |
| Ladinian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Pentacrinus sp. (212207) | |
| Longobardian | Spain (Alicante) | Pentacrinus sp. (202223 202224 202240) | |
| Longobardian - Julian | Russian Federation | Pentacrinus sp. (214792) | |
| Ladinian - Carnian | Japan (Saitama) | Pentacrinus sp. (201826) | |
| Carnian | USA (California) | Pentacrinus sp. (144374) | |
| Carnian | Italy (South Tyrol) | Pentacrinus fuchsi (205147 205149) | |
| Carnian | Austria (Tyrol) | Pentacrinus tirolensis (202331) | |
| Carnian | Germany | Pentacrinus tirolensis (206013) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Germany | Pentacrinus bavaricus (202142) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Alaska) | Pentacrinus sp. (40678 112239 112287 112288 112475) | |
| Julian | Italy | Pentacrinus subcrenatus (137429) | |
| Tuvalian | Austria (Tyrol) | Pentacrinus tirolensis (203207) | |
| Norian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Barentsøya, Edgeøya) | Pentacrinus sp. (212905) | |
| Norian | Italy (Brescia) | Pentacrinus sp. (203325) | |