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Pliolophus vulpiceps

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Pliolophus vulpiceps was named by Owen (1858). Its type specimen is NHMUK 44115, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Harwich (Harwich Stone Band), which is in an Eocene marine horizon in the Harwich Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Hyracotherium vulpiceps by Cooper (1932).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1858Pliolophus vulpiceps Owen
1902Pliolophus vulpiceps Hay p. 610
1932Hyracotherium vulpiceps Cooper
1994Pliolophus vulpiceps Hooker
2002Pliolophus vulpiceps Froehlich p. 178
2017Pliolophus vulpiceps Bronnert et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
genusPliolophusOwen 1858
speciesvulpicepsOwen 1858

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Pliolophus vulpiceps Owen 1858
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. J. Froehlich 2002In this analysis Pliolophus vulpiceps can be diagnosed by four autapomorphies: postcanine diastema moderate (Character 17, 3 to 2), P3 metaconule absent (Character 30, 1 to 0), P4 hypolophid absent (Character 76, 1 to 0), and M3 heel uncrenulated (Character 103, 1 to 0). It can also be diagnosed by its phylogenetic position. It possesses the characters of the node that contains Pliolophus and all more-derived equids: upper molar ectoloph slightly W-shaped (Character 48, 0 to 1), and lower molar convergence angle <20° (Character 94, 1 to 2), but lacks the characters of the next more-derived equid clade: upper molar metaconule weak and stepped (Character 49, 0 to 1), upper molar convergence angle <90° (Character 65, 1 to 2), lower molar paracristid angle a30° (Character 87, 1 to 2), lower molar paracristid angle sharp (Character 88, 0 to 1), lower molar protolophid backwall steep (Character 90, 1 to 0), and lower preultimate molar hypoconulid closely appressed against hypolophid (Character 95, 0 to 1).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:55:50
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: Early/Lower Eocene or 55.80000 to 48.60000 Ma

Collections (5 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Hyracotherium vulpiceps (13299 38868)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Pliolophus vulpiceps (35537)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Portugal (Região Centro) Hyracotherium vulpiceps (79200)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Pliolophus vulpiceps (type locality: 68434)