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Eocrinoidea
Taxonomy
Eocrinoidea was named by Jaekel (1918).
It was assigned to Pelmatozoa by Regnéll (1945); to Crinozoa by Beaver et al. (1967); to Echinodermata by Sepkoski (2002); and to Blastozoa by Sprinkle (1973), Parsley and Zhao (2006), Sprinkle and Collins (2006) and Zhao et al. (2008).
It was assigned to Pelmatozoa by Regnéll (1945); to Crinozoa by Beaver et al. (1967); to Echinodermata by Sepkoski (2002); and to Blastozoa by Sprinkle (1973), Parsley and Zhao (2006), Sprinkle and Collins (2006) and Zhao et al. (2008).
Subtaxa
Acanthocystites, Ascocystitida, Ascocystitidae, Balangicystis, Balantiocystis, Bolboporites (syn. Bolboporites), Cardiocystites, Cigara, Cryptocrinitidae, Cymbionites, Gogiida, Haimacystis, Hexedriocystis, Imbricata, Lapillocystites, Lichenoididae, Lingulocystidae, Llanocystis, Luhocrinus, Marjumicystis, Palaeocystitidae, Paracryptocrinites, Peridionites, Pilocystites, Polyptychella, Rhipidocystidae, Ridersiidae, Trachelocrinida, Ubaghsicystis
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1918 | Eocrinoidea Jaekel |
1945 | Eocrinoidea Regnéll |
1967 | Eocrinoidea Beaver et al. p. S1 |
1973 | Eocrinoidea Sprinkle p. 58 |
2002 | Eocrinoidea Sepkoski |
2006 | Eocrinoidea Parsley and Zhao p. 1063 |
2006 | Eocrinoidea Sprinkle and Collins p. 311 |
2008 | Eocrinoidea Zhao et al. p. 419 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. †Eocrinoidea Jaekel 1918
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G. †Acanthocystites Barrande 1887
Or. †Ascocystitida
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Fm. †Rhopalocystidae Ubaghs 1967
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G. †Rhopalocystis Ubaghs 1963
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†Rhopalocystis destombesi Ubaghs 1963
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Invalid names: Rhopalocystis dehirensis Chauvel and Régnault 1986 [synonym]
†Rhopalocystis fraga Chauvel 1971
†Rhopalocystis grandis Chauvel 1971
†Rhopalocystis havliceki Chauvel 1978
†Rhopalocystis mesonesensis Clausen 2004
†Rhopalocystis zagoraensis Chauvel 1971
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Invalid names: Rhopalocystis lehmani Chauvel 1978 [synonym]
G. †Balantiocystis Chauvel 1966
G. †Bolboporites Pander 1830
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†Bolboporites americanus Billings 1859
†Bolboporites uncinata Pander 1830
Invalid names: Bolboporites Pander 1830 [objective synonym]
G. †Cigara
Or. †Gogiida Broadhead 1982
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Fm. †Eocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Globoeocrinus Zhao et al. 2008
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G. †Gogia Walcott 1917
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†Gogia granulosa Robison 1965
†Gogia guntheri Sprinkle 1973
†Gogia hobbsi Sprinkle 1973
†Gogia kitchnerensis Sprinkle 1973
†Gogia longidactylus Walcott 1886
†Gogia multibrachiatus Kirk 1945
†Gogia ojenai Durham 1978
†Gogia palmeri Sprinkle 1973
†Gogia parsleyi Zamora et al. 2009
†Gogia prolifica Walcott 1917
†Gogia spiralis Robison 1965
†Gogia stephenensis Sprinkle and Collins 2006
Invalid names: Eocrinus Jaekel 1918 [synonym]
G. †Sinoeocrinus
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†Sinoeocrinus lui Zhao et al. 1994
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Invalid names: Curtoeocrinus guizhouensis Zhao et al. 1994 [synonym], Paragogia globosa Zhao et al. 1994 [synonym], Sinoeocrinus curtobrachiolus Zhao et al. 1994 [synonym], Sinoeocrinus longus Zhao et al. 1994 [synonym], Sinoeocrinus minus Zhao et al. 1994 [synonym]
Invalid names: Curtoeocrinus Zhao et al. 1994 [synonym], Paragogia [synonym]
Fm. †Lyracystidae Sprinkle and Collins 2006
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G. †Lyracystis Sprinkle and Collins 2006
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†Lyracystis radiata Sprinkle and Collins 2006
†Lyracystis reesei Sprinkle and Collins 2006
G. †Hexedriocystis Sumrall and Zamora 2011
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†Hexedriocystis inexpectans Sumrall and Zamora 2011
†Hexedriocystis mimus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Lapillocystites
Fm. †Lichenoididae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Lichenoides Barrande 1846
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†Lichenoides priscus Barrande 1846
†Lichenoides vadosus Parsley and Prokop 2004
Fm. †Lingulocystidae Ubaghs 1960
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G. †Lingulocystis Thoral 1935
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†Lingulocystis boliviensis Sprinkle 1973
†Lingulocystis deani Ubaghs 1994
†Lingulocystis elongata Thoral 1935
G. †Paracryptocrinites Rozhnov and Federov 2001
G. †Pilocystites
G. †Polyptychella
Fm. †Ridersiidae Jell et al. 1985
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Or. †Trachelocrinida Sumrall 1997
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Fm. †Heckerocrinidae Doweld 2012
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G. †Heckerocrinus Doweld 2012
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†Heckerocrinus elpasoensis Doweld 2012
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Invalid names: Bockia elpasoensis Sprinkle and Wahlman 1994 [replaced]
Invalid names: Bockia Hecker 1938 [replaced]
Invalid names: Bockiidae Ubaghs 1972 [replaced]
Fm. †Trachelocrinidae Sprinkle 1973
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Invalid names: Imbricata Sprinkle 1973 [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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J. Sprinkle 1973 | Early blastozoan echinoderms having an irregular adjacently or im- bricately plated calyx with or without epispires (sutural pores), an irregularly multiplated holdfast or a true stem as an attachment appendage, a primitive ambu- lacra! system bearing normal or modified braehioles, and usually little pentameral symmetry. The calyx is more or less globular or else flattened, and usually plated with numerous irregularly arranged adjacent plates (imbricate in 2 early genera). Many early eocrinoids have char- acteristic epispires or sutural pores on the sutures between the calyx plates, but these are lost in some middle Cambrian and most later genera. The calyx in early eocrinoids is attached aborally by a cylindrical or globular irregularly multiplated holdfast with a large central lumen. During the middle Cambrian, however, this primitive appendage evolved into a true columnal- bearing stem. The ambulacral system is usually confined to the adoral end of the calyx (oral surface) and consists of 2-5 (or more) ambulacral grooves located on slightly modified calyx plates and leading to groups of erect braehioles. Most eocri- noids have normal straight braehioles with biserial plating and tiny adjacent or imbri- cate cover plates, but a few forms have spiralled braehioles, modified braehioles with apparent uniserial plating, or the entire ambulacral system developed as erect "arms" with "pinnule-like" braehioles. In most genera the numerous calyx plates are usually irregularly arranged and only the ambulacral system shows any evidence of pentameral symmetry. The mouth is usually central on the oral surface with the anal opening lateral; a hydropore and gonopore may also be present between these. Plate growth unknown in most forms but probably holoperipheral. Twenty-five ± genera. Early Cambrian to middle Ordovician (perhaps later). Nearly world-wide range (but many localities known only from plates). |