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Discussion
Attributed to Slater & Helgen
Taxonomy
Neomonachus was named by Scheel et al. (2014). It is extant.
It was assigned to Monachini by Berta et al. (2018); and to Monachinae by Scheel et al. (2014) and Kienle and Berta (2019).
It was assigned to Monachini by Berta et al. (2018); and to Monachinae by Scheel et al. (2014) and Kienle and Berta (2019).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2014 | Neomonachus Scheel et al. |
| 2018 | Neomonachus Berta et al. p. 210 |
| 2019 | Neomonachus Kienle and Berta |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Neomonachus Scheel et al. 2014 [Hawaiian monk seal]
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Neomonachus schauinslandi Hermann 1779 [Hawaiian monk seal]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D.-M. Scheel et al. 2014 | Species of Neomonachus can be distinguished from Monachus in their smaller average body size and in lacking a white ventral patch on the pelage (in both adults and young) (Adam 2004). Species of Neomonachus possess a narrower and more gracile skull than Monachus, with relatively poorly developed sagittal and occipital crests in even the largest males (Figure 5). The rostrum is low and elongate with a conspicuous diastema between C1 and the first upper premolar (P1). In Monachus, the diastema is lacking and the anterior edge of P1 may be positioned medially to the canine (Figures 5, 6). The antorbital process of the maxilla (Figure 7) is present in Monachus but is extremely reduced or absent in Neomonachus (King 1956). The nasals are relatively narrow and posteriorly extended in Neomonachus compared to Monachus (Figure 7). The zygomatic arch is dorso-ventrally shallow and the jugal portion lacks a well-developed masseteric margin ventrally or orbital margin superiorly (the zygomatic arch is robust and both margins are well-defined in Monachus) (Figure 5). The pterygoid shows a conspicuous, laterally flared hamular process in Neomonachus (King 1956) that may be spatulate (Neomonachus schauinslandi) or hook-like (Neomonachus tropicalis); the process is absent or small and medially inflected in Monachus (Figure 8). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carreño and Cronin 1993, Gingerich 2003 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Irvingtonian to the top of the Holocene or 1.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.3 Ma
Collections (98 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | USA (Florida) | Monachus tropicalis (100340 183391) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Monachus tropicalis (20400 20494) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (South Carolina) | Monachus tropicalis (79755 79757) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Georgia) | Monachus tropicalis (79758) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Monachus tropicalis (74292 100342 100343) | |
| Holocene | Saint Kitts and Nevis (Nevis) | Monachus tropicalis (182963 183111) | |
| Holocene | Nicaragua | Monachus tropicalis (183383 183384) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Monachus tropicalis (100339 100341 100344 100345 100346 100347 146584 182629 183389 183390) | |
| Holocene | Jamaica | Monachus tropicalis (125233 182937 182938 182954 182956) | |
| Holocene | USA (Georgia) | Monachus tropicalis (100349) | |
| Holocene | Colombia | Monachus tropicalis (126601 181321) | |
| Holocene | Honduras | Monachus tropicalis (125964 126603 126604 182099 182102 182448 182846 182870 182901) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Quintana Roo) | Monachus tropicalis (182970) | |
| Holocene | USA (Hawaii) | Monachus schauinslandi (168610) Neomonachus schauinslandi (190689 190690 190691 190692) | |
| Holocene | Bahamas | Monachus tropicalis (125940 136422 162119 164193 164238 164394 164399 180468 180469 181318) | |
| Holocene | Costa Rica | Monachus tropicalis (181325) | |
| Holocene | USA (Texas) | Monachus tropicalis (100350 100351 126597 146580) | |
| Holocene | Dominican Republic | Monachus tropicalis (125965) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands Antilles (Curaçao) | Monachus tropicalis (127081 132605) | |
| Holocene | Guadeloupe | Monachus tropicalis (126657) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands Antilles | Monachus tropicalis (127037) | |
| Holocene | USA (Puerto Rico) | Monachus tropicalis (100338 183385 183386 183387) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands Antilles (Sint Eustatius) | Monachus tropicalis (100337 133580) | |
| Holocene | USA (Virgin Islands) | Monachus tropicalis (100353) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Arrecife) | Monachus tropicalis (125225 125949) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Campeche) | Monachus tropicalis (182966) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Yucatan) | Monachus tropicalis (125966) | |
| Holocene | Mexico | Monachus tropicalis (182969 182971 183099 183101) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Veracruz) | Monachus tropicalis (125223 183380) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands Antilles (Curacao) | Monachus tropicalis (100335 100336) | |
| Holocene | Cuba | Monachus tropicalis (125943 181621 181678 182092 182093) | |
| Holocene | Belize | Monachus tropicalis (181319 181320) | |
| Holocene | Virgin Islands, British | Monachus tropicalis (183394) | |
| Holocene | Bahamas (Bimini Islands) | Monachus tropicalis (175542) | |
| Holocene | Turks and Caicos Islands | Monachus tropicalis (183388) | |
| Holocene | Venezuela | Monachus tropicalis (183392 183393) |