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Pionodema minuscula
Taxonomy
Pionodema minuscula was named by Willard (1928). Its type specimen is MCZ 8610, a shell, and it is a 3D body fossil.
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1928 | Pionodema minuscula Willard p. 275 figs. pl. 2, fig. 3 |
| 1956 | Pionodema minuscula Cooper p. 991 figs. Plate 155, A, figures i-io; plate ISS, G, figures 32-42 |
| 1957 | Pionodema miniscula Allen and Lester |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Pionodema minuscula Willard 1928
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| G. A. Cooper 1956 | Small for the genus, slightly wider than long ; hinge narrow ; cardinal extremities obtuse ; sides and anterior margin gently rounded ; anterior commissure broadly uniplicate in adults. Costellae fine, crowded, unequal in size, those on the fold and sulcus stronger than those on the flanks. Costellae in fold and sulcus 2 or 3 in I mm. ; on the flanks costellae number 4, rarely 5, to the millimeter at the front margin.
Pedicle valve with uneven lateral profile, the posterior part convex but the anterior quarter somewhat flattened ; anterior profile gently and broadly convex ; beak slightly curved, somewhat erect ; umbo somewhat narrowly swollen ; median region convex ; lateral slopes short and fairly steep. Anterior quarter depressed gently to form a shallow sulcus. Interarea gently curved, apsacline. Brachial valve about equal to the pedicle valve in depth, fairly evenly and moderately convex in lateral profile. Anterior profile broadly and moderately convex. Umbo with a small sulcus ; umbo and median region longitudinally swollen to form a poorly defined fold. Lateral slopes moderately long and gentle. Interior with small cardinal process and widely spaced, subparallel brachiophore supporting plates. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Williams et al. 2000, Hendy et al. 2009, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: Blackriveran or 457.30000 to 449.60000 Ma
Collections (16 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caradoc | USA (Georgia) | Pionodema miniscula (32824 32826 32832 33182) Pionodema minuscula (32823 32825 33186 33188) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Virginia) | Pionodema miniscula (34277 34279 34281 34324 34326 34327 34328) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Tennessee) | Pionodema minuscula (165268) |