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Dichograptidae
Taxonomy
Dichograptidae was named by Lapworth (1873). It is the type family of Dichograptacea. It was considered paraphyletic by Maletz et al. (2009).
It was assigned to Graptoloidea by Maletz (1994); to Dichograptacea by Toro and Maletz (2008); to Panreclinata by Maletz et al. (2009); to Didymograptina by Bulman (1970), Toro (1993) and Vento et al. (2012); and to Dichograptina by Maletz (2017), Maletz et al. (2018) and Lo Valvo et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Graptoloidea by Maletz (1994); to Dichograptacea by Toro and Maletz (2008); to Panreclinata by Maletz et al. (2009); to Didymograptina by Bulman (1970), Toro (1993) and Vento et al. (2012); and to Dichograptina by Maletz (2017), Maletz et al. (2018) and Lo Valvo et al. (2020).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1873 | Dichograptidae Lapworth |
| 1970 | Dichograptidae Bulman p. V109 |
| 1993 | Dichograptidae Toro p. 71 |
| 1994 | Dichograptidae Maletz |
| 2008 | Dichograptidae Toro and Maletz p. 981 |
| 2009 | Dichograptidae Maletz et al. |
| 2012 | Dichograptidae Vento et al. |
| 2017 | Dichograptidae Maletz p. 114 |
| 2018 | Dichograptidae Maletz et al. p. 2 |
| 2020 | Dichograptidae Lo Valvo et al. p. 539 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Dichograptidae Lapworth 1873
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G. †Dichograptus
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†Dichograptus maccoyi Harris and Thomas 1940
†Dichograptus maccoyi maccoyi Harris and Thomas 1940
Subfm. †Didymograpti Bulman 1970
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G. †Atopograptus
G. †Aulograptus
G. †Azygograptus Nicholson and Lapworth 1875
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†Azygograptus ellesi Monsen 1937
†Azygograptus lapworthi Nicholson 1875
†Azygograptus novozealandicus Skwarko 1962
Invalid names: Nicholsonograptus Boucek and Pribyl 1951 [synonym], Pseudazygograptus [synonym]
G. †Janograptus
G. †Maeandrograptus
G. †Parazygograptus
G. †Skiagraptus
G. †Didymograptus McCoy 1851
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Subg. †Didymograptus (Didymograptellus) Cooper and Fortey 1982
Subg. †Didymograptus (Didymograptus) M'Coy 1851
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†Didymograptus (Didymograptus) artus Elles and Wood 1901
†Didymograptus balticus Tullberg 1880
†Didymograptus demissus Törnquist 1901
†Didymograptus ensjoensis Monsen 1937
†Didymograptus euodus Lapworth 1875
†Didymograptus extensus Hall 1858
†Didymograptus filiformis Tullberg 1880
†Didymograptus holmi Törnquist 1901
†Didymograptus latus Hall 1907
†Didymograptus murchisoni Beck 1839
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Invalid names: Didymograptus pseudogeminus Bouček 1973 [synonym]
†Didymograptus nicholsoni Lapworth 1875
†Didymograptus pacificus Ruedemann 1947
†Didymograptus paraindentus Berry 1960
†Didymograptus paraindentus Berry 1960
†Didymograptus protobalticus Monsen 1937
†Didymograptus pusillus Tullberg 1880
†Didymograptus spinulosus Perner 1895
†Didymograptus suecicus Tullberg 1880
†Didymograptus turgidus Lee 1974
†Didymograptus undulatus Törnquist 1901
†Didymograptus uniformis Elles and Wood 1901
Invalid names: Cladograpsus Geinitz 1852 [synonym]
Subfm. †Goniograpti Bulman 1970
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G. †Anomalograptus
G. †Brachiograptus
G. †Oslograptus
G. †Stellatograptus
G. †Triaenograptus
G. †Yushanograptus
G. †Zygograptus
G. †Loganograptus Hall 1868
G. †Orthodichograptus Thomas 1972
Subfm. †Schizograpti Bulman 1970
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G. †Anthograptus Tornquist 1904
G. †Holograptus
G. †Mimograptus
G. †Schizograptus
G. †Trochograptus
Invalid names: Dichograpti Bulman 1970 [empty], Dichograptinae Lapworth 1873 [empty], Tetragrapti Bulman 1970 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range: base of the Lancefieldian to the top of the Late/Upper Ordovician or 484.30000 to 443.80000 Ma
Collections (428 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibexian | USA (California) | Didymograptus protoindentus (205358) | |
| Cressagian | United Kingdom (England) | Clonograptus sp. (3663) | |
| Tremadoc | Iran | Didymograptus sp. (116238 116241 116502) | |
| Tremadoc | China (Hunan) | Clonograptus sp., Dichograptus sp., Didymograptus sp. (7694) Didymograptus sp. (7702) | |
| Tremadoc | Sweden | Clonograptus sp. (3109) | |
| Tremadoc | China (GuangXi) | Clonograptus sp. (4664) | |
| Tremadoc | China (GuangDong) | Clonograptus sp., Didymograptus sp. (4675) | |
| Tremadoc | Argentina (Jujuy) | Didymograptus sp. (8882) | |
| Tremadoc | China (LiaoNing) | Didymograptus sp. (20755) | |
| Tremadoc | China (Sichuan) | Azygograptus sp., Didymograptus sp. (7681) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Gisbornian | New Zealand | Azygograptus fasciculatus, Azygograptus novozealandicus (63960 63961 63965) Azygograptus fasciculatus, Azygograptus novozealandicus, Dichograptidae indet. (63967) Azygograptus fasciculatus, Dichograptidae indet. (63956 63969) | |
| Caradoc | China (GuangXi) | Didymograptus sp. (4668) | |
| Caradoc | China (QingHai) | Didymograptus sp. (23601) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Alaska) | Didymograptus serratulus, Didymograptus sp. (114851) Didymograptus sp. (114846 114847 114849 114850 114853) | |
| Caradoc | Canada (Yukon) | Didymograptus sp. (25171) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | USA (Alaska) | Didymograptus sagitticaulis (111713) | |
| Actonian - Onnian | Bolivia | Didymograptus sp. (8856) | |
| Actonian - Onnian | Argentina | Didymograptus sp. (8887) | |
| Ashgill | Canada (Quebec) | Didymograptus sp. (56000) | |
| Wufeng - Hirnantian | China (Hubei) | Nicholsonograptus sp. (7721) | |