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Diplodocidae (diplodocid)

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Diplodocidae was named by Marsh (1884).

It was synonymized subjectively with Amphicoeliidae by Kuhn (1966); it was synonymized subjectively with Atlantosauridae by Bonaparte (1978); it was reranked as the unranked clade Diplodocidae by Tschopp et al. (2015) and Mannion et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Sauropoda by Vetter (1884); to Opisthocoelia by Hay (1902); to Diplodocia by Tornier (1913); to Allophagi by Jaekel (1914); to Homalosauropodidae by Huene (1948) and Young (1958); to Saurischia by Madsen and Miller (1979); to Sauropoda by Bakker (1986); to Neosauropoda by Wilson and Sereno (1994) and Salgado et al. (1997); to Sauropoda by Jaekel (1911) and McIntosh (1997); to Diplodocimorpha by Calvo and Salgado (1995) and Salgado (1999); to Sauropoda by Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Marsh (1898), Huene (1908), Huene (1908), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Huene (1914), Nopcsa (1923), Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Huene (1959), Galton (1977), Russell (1984), Bonaparte (1986), Carroll (1988), McIntosh (1990), Benton (1990) and Bonaparte (1999); to Sauropoda by Dollo (1884), Dollo (1889), Zittel (1890), Winkler (1893), Nopcsa (1901), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Joubert (1908), Arldt (1909), Matthew (1915), Lull (1924), Nopcsa (1928), Hay (1930), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Lapparent (1947), Bonaparte (1980), McIntosh (1981) and Chure et al. (2006); to Diplodocoidea by Upchurch (1995), Upchurch (1995), Hunt et al. (1995), Wilson and Smith (1996), Sereno (1997), Upchurch (1997), Dong (1998), Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno et al. (1999), Wilson (2002), Upchurch et al. (2004), Apesteguía (2005), Remes (2006), Royo-Torres et al. (2007), Suteethorn et al. (2010) and Wilson and Allain (2015); and to Flagellicaudata by Gallina and Apesteguía (2005), Taylor and Naish (2005), Rauhut et al. (2005), Salgado et al. (2006), Remes (2007), Remes (2009), Whitlock (2011), Ibiricu et al. (2012), Tschopp and Mateus (2013), Gallina et al. (2014), Tschopp et al. (2015) and Mannion et al. (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1884Diplodocidae Dollo p. 298
1884Diplodocidae Marsh
1884Diplodocidae Vetter p. 357
1885Diplodocidae Marsh p. 764
1889Diplodocidae Dollo p. 677
1890Diplodocidae Zittel p. 714
1893Diplodocidae Winkler p. 101
1895Diplodocidae Marsh
1896Diplodocidae Marsh p. 241
1898Diplodocidae Marsh p. 158
1901Diplodocidae Nopcsa p. 203
1902Diplodocidae Hay p. 486
1902Diplodocidae Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxv
1908Diplodocidae Huene p. 297
1908Diplodocidae Joubert p. 270
1909Diplodocidae Arldt p. 262
1909Diplodocidae Huene p. 14
1911Diplodocidae Jaekel p. 159
1911Diplodocidae von Zittel p. 288
1913Diplodocidae Tornier p. 370
1914Diplodocidae Huene p. 38
1914Diplodocidae Jaekel p. 197
1915Diplodocidae Matthew p. 32
1923Diplodocidae Nopcsa p. 126
1924Diplodocidae Lull p. 236
1927Diplodocidae Huene p. 124
1928Diplodocidae Nopcsa p. 184
1930Diplodocidae Hay p. 197
1937Diplodocidae Roxo p. 65
1946Diplodocidae Kuhn p. 66
1947Diplodocidae Lapparent p. 17
1948Diplodocidae Huene p. 93
1958Diplodocidae Young p. 25
1959Diplodocidae Huene p. 122
1977Diplodocidae Galton p. 230
1979Diplodocidae Madsen and Miller p. 5
1980Diplodocidae Bonaparte p. 82
1981Diplodocidae McIntosh p. 17
1984Diplodocidae Russell p. 29
1986Diplodocidae Bakker p. 461
1986Diplodocidae Bonaparte p. 253
1988Diplodocidae Carroll
1990Diplodocidae Benton p. 19
1990Diplodocidae McIntosh p. 388
1994Diplodocidae Wilson and Sereno p. 52A
1995Diplodocidae Calvo and Salgado p. 14
1995Diplodocidae Hunt et al. pp. 263-264
1995Diplodocidae Upchurch p. 253
1996Diplodocidae Wilson and Smith p. 73A
1997Diplodocidae McIntosh p. 656
1997Diplodocidae Salgado et al. p. 25 fig. 19
1997Diplodocidae Sereno p. 453
1997Diplodocidae Upchurch p. 82A
1998Diplodocidae Dong p. 84
1998Diplodocidae Sereno p. 63
1998Diplodocidae Wilson and Sereno p. 17
1999Diplodocidae Bonaparte p. 141
1999Diplodocidae Salgado p. 204
1999Diplodocidae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
1999Diplodocidae Sereno et al. p. 1346 fig. 4
2002Diplodocidae Wilson p. 240 fig. 13
2004Diplodocidae Upchurch et al. p. 264
2005Diplodocidae Apesteguía p. 256
2005Diplodocidae Gallina and Apesteguía p. 159 fig. 5
2005Diplodocidae Rauhut et al. p. 672 fig. 2
2005Diplodocidae Taylor and Naish pp. 3-4
2006Diplodocidae Chure et al. p. 236
2006Diplodocidae Remes p. 664 fig. 9
2006Diplodocidae Salgado et al. p. 704 fig. 9
2007Diplodocidae Remes p. 654
2007Diplodocidae Royo-Torres et al. p. 184
2009Diplodocidae Remes p. 26
2010Diplodocidae Suteethorn et al.
2011Diplodocidae Whitlock
2012Diplodocidae Ibiricu et al. p. 220
2013Diplodocidae Tschopp and Mateus p. 877 fig. 11
2014Diplodocidae Gallina et al. p. 2 fig. 4
2015Diplodocidae Tschopp et al.
2015Diplodocidae Wilson and Allain p. 25 fig. 16
2019Diplodocidae Mannion et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Saurischia()
Sauropoda()
Gravisauria
Eusauropoda
Neosauropoda
Diplodocoidea()
Diplodocimorpha
Flagellicaudata
Diplodocidae()
Diplodocidae()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Diplodocidae Marsh 1884 [diplodocid]
show all | hide all
Subfm. †Apatosaurinae Janensch 1929
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G. †Apatosaurus Marsh 1877
+
Apatosaurus ajax Marsh 1877
Apatosaurus louisae Holland 1915
+
Invalid names: Apatosaurus laticollis Marsh 1879 [synonym]
Invalid names: Titanosaurus Marsh 1877 [synonym]
G. †Brontosaurus Marsh 1879
+
Brontosaurus excelsus Marsh 1879
+
Invalid names: Brontosaurus amplus Marsh 1881 [synonym]
Brontosaurus parvus Peterson and Gilmore 1902
Brontosaurus yahnahpin Filla and Redman 1994
Invalid names: Brontosaurus giganteus Anonymous 1898 [nomen nudum], Elosaurus Peterson and Gilmore 1902 [synonym], Eobrontosaurus Bakker 1998 [synonym]
Invalid names: Atlantosaurus immanis Marsh 1878 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Diplodocinae Janensch 1929 [diplodocine]
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G. †Barosaurus Marsh 1890
+
Barosaurus lentus Marsh 1890
Invalid names: Barosaurus gracilis Russell et al. 1980 [nomen nudum], Gigantosaurus Fraas 1908 [synonym]
G. †Dinheirosaurus Bonaparte and Mateus 1999
+
Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis Bonaparte and Mateus 1999
G. †Diplodocus Marsh 1878
+
Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher 1901
Diplodocus hallorum Gillette 1991
Diplodocus longus Marsh 1878
Invalid names: Seismosaurus Gillette 1991 [synonym]
G. †Galeamopus Tschopp et al. 2015
+
Galeamopus hayi Holland 1924
Galeamopus pabsti Tschopp and Mateus 2017
G. †Leinkupal Gallina et al. 2014
+
Leinkupal laticauda Gallina et al. 2014
G. †Supersaurus Jensen 1985
+
Supersaurus vivianae Jensen 1985
+
Invalid names: Dystylosaurus edwini Jensen 1985 [synonym], Ultrasauros macintoshi Jensen 1985 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dystylosaurus Jensen 1985 [synonym], Ultrasauros Olshevsky 1991 [synonym]
G. †Tornieria Sternfeld 1911
+
Tornieria africana Fraas 1908
Invalid names: Dicraeosaurinae Janensch 1929 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
K. A. v. Zittel 1890Zähne eylindrisch, schlank, auf den vorderen Theil der Kiefer beschränkt. Schwanzicirhel lang, amphieöl, unten tief ausgehöhlt; Haemapophysen mit einem nach vorn und einem nach hinten gerichteten Ast. Sitzbein gerade, die distalen Enden nicht verbreitert, in der Symphyse zusammenstossend.
B. F. Nopcsa 1901Fogaik cylindrikusak, karcsuk, csak az állkapocs elsö részére szorítkoznak. Az orrlyukak kicsinyek, messze hátul fekszenek; praeorbitalis nyilás. Farkcsigolyák hosszúak, amphicölek, üregesek; haemapophyszák _L alakúak (Zittel szerint).

[Their teeth are cylindrical, slender, confined to the front of the jaw. The nostrils are small, lying far back; preorbital opening. Tail vertebrae long, amphicoelous, hollow; haemapophyses are _L-shaped (according to Zittel).]
B. F. Nopcsa 1928teeth reduced; anterior limbs short; anterior dorsal spines bified
F. v. Huene 1948Nasal openings between the highly situated orbits; 15 cervicals, 10 dorsals; bifid neural spines; double-spined haemapophyses; lower arm elongated; metacarpus arranged in a cylinder. Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteinfrao
Entire body: yesinfrao
Adult length: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult width: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult height: 10 to < 100infrao
Maximum body mass: 100000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10000 kgg
Thickness: thickinfrao
Architecture: compact or denseinfrao
Form: sphericalinfrao
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partsinfrao
Grouping: gregariousinfrao
Environment: terrestrialinfrao
Locomotion: actively mobileinfrao
Life habit: ground dwellinginfrao
Diet: herbivoreinfrao
Reproduction: oviparousinfrao
Dispersal: direct/internalinfrao
Dispersal 2: mobileinfrao
Created: 2004-12-14 12:49:10
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:49:10
Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Kimmeridgian to the top of the Barremian or 157.30000 to 125.00000 Ma

Collections (189 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7Georgia (Abkhaziya) Diplodocinae indet. (51908)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian161.2 - 150.8USA (Wyoming) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (126540)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1USA (Wyoming) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp., Diplodocinae indet. (46460) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (57903 75453 176983) Diplodocidae indet., Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (58510) Diplodocidae indet., Galeamopus pabsti (185607) Diplodocus sp. (46468 46469) Diplodocus sp., Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp. (46465)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Argentina (Chubut) Diplodocidae indet. (172899)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1USA (Colorado) Apatosaurus sp. (49621) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (48171) Diplodocidae indet., Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocinae indet. (154924) Diplodocus sp. (56590)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1USA (Montana) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocidae indet. (49624) Diplodocinae indet. (69890)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Utah) Apatosaurus sp. (58517 96826) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp. (220417) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp., Barosaurus sp. (58514) Brontosaurus parvus (58516) Diplodocidae indet. (192428) Diplodocus sp. (58518)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Arizona) Apatosaurus sp. (70024)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Montana) Sauropoda indet. (50714 231532)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0Spain (Asturias) Diplodocinae indet. (91469)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0Spain (Teruel) Diplodocinae indet. (85290)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (New Mexico) Apatosaurus sp. (38867) Brontosaurus sp. (225131) Diplodocidae indet. (22717) Diplodocinae indet. (51992) Diplodocus carnegiei (38872)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0Portugal (Centro) Diplodocinae indet. (219240)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (South Dakota) Barosaurus lentus (49631) Barosaurus lentus, Barosaurus affinis (57905) Diplodocus sp. (57904)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Amphicoelias altus (48130) Apatosaurinae indet. (48146) Apatosaurus ajax, Atlantosaurus immanis, Apatosaurus laticollis (13341) Apatosaurus laticollis (48128) Apatosaurus sp. (231617) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp., Diplodocidae indet. (11611) Barosaurus sp. (49622) Camarasaurus sp. (39377) Diplodocidae indet. (231533 231618) Diplodocus sp. (25141 48169 56599 68097) Diplodocus sp., Apatosaurus ajax (39376) Diplodocus sp., Brontosaurus excelsus (36576) Sauropoda indet. (177497)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Apatosaurus excelsus (57898 57900 57902 142335 142336 142337) Apatosaurus sp. (39339 48837 49628 55486 57894 57896 58512 192748 207747 207748 231567) Apatosaurus sp., Apatosaurus louisae (52815) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp. (39342) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocidae indet. (227262) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (55320 207749) Apatosaurus yahnahpin (55487 230771) Barosaurus lentus (49637) Barosaurus sp. (49634) Brontosaurus amplus (39369) Brontosaurus excelsus (39368) Brontosaurus giganteus (221673) Brontosaurus sp. (55323 74000 188398) Diplodocidae indet. (58507 62576) Diplodocidae indet., Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp., Diplodocus longus, Diplodocinae indet., Galeamopus hayi, Galeamopus pabsti, Brontosaurus sp. (22648) Diplodocidae indet., Galeamopus sp., Diplodocus longus (58509) Diplodocinae indet. (39337) Diplodocinae indet., Apatosaurus sp. (49636) Diplodocus carnegii (48565 57897 68100) Diplodocus carnegii, Brontosaurus sp. (13352) Diplodocus longus (168056) Diplodocus sp. (13212 13214 39253 39344 39370 55483 58513 142334 190894 230770 230774 231553 231565 231569 231572) Diplodocus sp., Apatosaurus sp. (49627) Elosaurus parvus, Brontosaurus sp. (52816) Supersaurus sp. (74664)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Tanzania (Lindi) Barosaurus africanus (47151 47153)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8USA (Wyoming) Diplodocus sp., Apatosaurus sp. (22650)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal (Lourinhã) Dinheirosaurus sp. (205809)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Niedersachsen) Diplodocidae indet. (51859)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal (Centro) Diplodocidae indet. (68904 156123) Sauropoda indet. (49304)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp., Dystylosaurus edwini, Diplodocoidea indet., Ultrasaurus sp., Sauropoda indet. (45975) Diplodocidae indet., Apatosaurus ajax (28382) Diplodocus longus, Brontosaurus sp., Diplodocinae indet., Diplodocus sp., Galeamopus sp. (28366)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp., Brachiosaurus sp. (49577) Diplodocus sp. (47065)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0Portugal (Centro) Diplodocinae indet. (47431) Diplodocoidea indet. (38680)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Barosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (22678) Diplodocus sp. (74663)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian155.7 - 145.0Tanzania (Lindi) Barosaurus africanus (48368)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Apatosaurus sp. (38883 70032 207744 231621)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Oklahoma) Apatosaurus sp. (56422) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (49596 49597) Diplodocus sp., Diplodocinae indet., Apatosaurus parvus, Brontosaurus excelsus (49338)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Chile (Aisén) Diplodocinae indet., Diplodocidae indet. (83734)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Tanzania (Lindi) Barosaurus africanus (47122 47140 47144 47156 47160 47182 48350 48358 48365 48376 48385 97538) Diplodocidae indet. (48344 97544) Gigantosaurus africanus (47181) Tornieria sp. (121195)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Apatosaurus excelsus (48161) Diplodocidae indet. (53040 58811) Diplodocus sp. (48162 48163 48166)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (South Dakota) Apatosaurus sp. (49625 49630) Diplodocinae indet. (132242)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Diplodocus sp. (39347 55482)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Utah) Apatosaurus sp. (225118 231582) Apatosaurus sp., Brontosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (46439) Diplodocus sp. (22711)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Zimbabwe (Mashonaland North) Barosaurus sp. (49100)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0USA (Utah) Apatosaurus sp. (231581) Apatosaurus sp., Barosaurus sp., Barosaurus lentus, Apatosaurus louisae, Diplodocus hallorum, Diplodocinae indet., Diplodocus sp. (21852)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Diplodocus sp. (56654)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocus sp. (71476)
Middle Tithonian150.8 - 145.0USA (Utah) Diplodocidae indet. (52110)
Middle Tithonian - Late/Upper Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Portugal (Centro) Diplodocidae indet. (49248) Diplodocinae indet. (49253)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8Spain (Castilla y Leon) Diplodocidae indet. (201814)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Valanginian145.0 - 132.9Argentina (Neuquén) Leinkupal laticauda (156241)
Berriasian - Hauterivian145.0 - 129.4South Africa (Eastern Cape) Diplodocinae indet. (174953 174954)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Argentina (Neuquén) Diplodocidae indet. (193674)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Argentina (Neuquén) Diplodocidae indet. (13333)