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Pliohippus
Taxonomy
Pliohippus was named by Marsh (1874). Its type is Pliohippus pernix.
It was synonymized subjectively with Hippidium by Cope (1879); it was synonymized subjectively with Protohippus by Gidley (1903) and Gidley (1904).
It was assigned to Protohippinae by Gidley (1907); to Protohippini by Quinn (1955); to Equinae by Hay (1902) and Forsten (1975); to Equidae by Marsh (1874), Scott (1913), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Stirton (1940), Webb (1969), Carroll (1988) and Hulbert (1989); to Pliohippina by Prado and Alberdi (1996); and to Equini by Prothero and Schoch (1989), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998) and Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. (2014).
It was synonymized subjectively with Hippidium by Cope (1879); it was synonymized subjectively with Protohippus by Gidley (1903) and Gidley (1904).
It was assigned to Protohippinae by Gidley (1907); to Protohippini by Quinn (1955); to Equinae by Hay (1902) and Forsten (1975); to Equidae by Marsh (1874), Scott (1913), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Stirton (1940), Webb (1969), Carroll (1988) and Hulbert (1989); to Pliohippina by Prado and Alberdi (1996); and to Equini by Prothero and Schoch (1989), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998) and Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. (2014).
Species
P. (Astrohippus), P. (Pliohippus), P. bakeri, P. coalingensis, P. fossulatus (syn. Protohippus pachyops), P. gracilis, P. mirabilis (syn. Merychippus campestris), P. nobilis, P. pernix (syn. P. robustus, P. lullianus) (type species), P. potosinus, P. proversus, P. tantalus (syn. P. fairbanksi), P. tehonensis
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1874 | Pliohippus Marsh |
1892 | Pliohippus gracilis Marsh p. 347 |
1902 | Pliohippus Hay p. 618 |
1902 | Pliohippus gracilis Hay p. 618 |
1907 | Pliohippus Gidley p. 867 |
1913 | Pliohippus Scott p. 290 |
1918 | Kalobatippus gracilis Osborn p. 71 figs. Text Figs. 49, 51 |
1930 | Pliohippus Matthew and Stirton |
1940 | Pliohippus Stirton |
1940 | Anchitherium gracilis Stirton p. 174 |
1955 | Pliohippus Quinn p. 13 |
1969 | Pliohippus Webb |
1975 | Pliohippus Forsten p. 48 |
1988 | Pliohippus Carroll |
1989 | Pliohippus Hulbert, Jr. |
1989 | Pliohippus Prothero and Schoch p. 532 |
1995 | Pliohippus Kelly p. 14 |
1996 | Pliohippus Prado and Alberdi p. 676 |
1998 | Kalobatippus gracilis MacFadden |
1998 | Pliohippus MacFadden p. 550 |
2014 | Pliohippus Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. p. 204 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Pliohippus Marsh 1874
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†Pliohippus bakeri Azzaroli 1988
†Pliohippus coalingensis Merriam 1914
†Pliohippus nobilis Osborn 1918
†Pliohippus pernix Marsh 1874
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Invalid names: Pliohippus lullianus Troxell 1916 [synonym], Pliohippus robustus Marsh 1874 [synonym]
†Pliohippus potosinus Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. 2014
†Pliohippus proversus Merriam 1916
†Pliohippus tehonensis Merriam 1915
Invalid names: Pliohippus gracilis Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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J. H. Quinn 1955 | sence of malar fossa; strongly curved upper cheek teeth; flat- tened entoconid with shallow valleys, prominent ribs and reduced styles with the parastyles of the premolars little or no larger than those of the molars; small, round to oval protocones; postprotoconal valleys shallow; hypoconal grooves partly closed; metaconids and metastylids round- ed, not widely separated, and nearly equal in size; no· pli caballinds; parastylids faint and oriented as in Hippodon; proto- conids and hypoconids transversely broad and markedly rounded; metapodials short, lateral digits present in earlier species but probably lost in later species. |