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Hybocrinida

Crinoidea - Hybocrinida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1918Hybocrinida Jaekel
1948Hybocrinida Regnell
1981Hybocrinida Parsley p. 2
1998Hybocrinida Ausich p. 27
2002Hybocrinida Sepkoski
2017Hybocrinida Wright et al.
2018Hybocrinida Ausich et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
superorderPorocrinoidea
orderHybocrinidaJaekel 1918
orderHybocrinidaJaekel 1918

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Hybocrinida Jaekel 1918
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Fm. †Baerocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Baerocrinus Volborth 1865
Fm. †Cornucrinidae Regnell 1948
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G. †Cornucrinus Regnell 1948
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Cornucrinus longicornis Regnell 1948
Cornucrinus mirus Regnell 1948
G. †Tripatocrinus Sprinkle 1973
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Tripatocrinus pustulatus Sprinkle 1973
Subor. †Cyathocrinoidea Bather 1899
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Invalid names: Carabocrinidae Bather 1899 [empty]
Fm. †Hybocrinidae Zittel 1879
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G. †Hoplocrinus Grewingk 1867
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Hoplocrinus dalearlicus Regnell 1948
G. †Hybocrinus Billings 1857
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Hybocrinus conicus Billings 1857
Hybocrinus nitidus Sinclair 1945
Hybocrinus pristinus Billings 1858
Hybocrinus tumidus Billings 1857
G. †Parahybocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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Parahybocrinus siewersi Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
G. †Revalocrinus Jaekel 1918
G. †Syndiasmocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
Fm. †Hybocystitidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Hybocystites Wetherby 1880
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Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby 1880
Invalid names: Hybocrinina Ubaghs 1971 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. F. Wright et al. 2017The Hybocrinida is stem-defined as the most inclusive clade containing Hybocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880 but not Porocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Carabocrinus radiatus Billings, 1857.

In addition to having a pseudomonocyclic calyx (infrabasals absent), hybocrinids are characterized by a number of unusual apomorphies that distinguish them from Porocrinids (and all other crinoids). Many of these traits are similar to those typically present in blastozoan echinoderms, including reduction in the number of arms, modification of food-gathering appendages to be recumbent (sometimes extending downward
over calyx plates), and reduction in the number of calyx plates (Sprinkle and Moore, 1978).

[Wright et al., 2017]