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Gonyaulacaceae

Dinophyceae - Gonyaulacales - Gonyaulacaceae

Taxonomy

Gonyaulacaceae was named by Lindemann (1928). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Dinophyceae by Lindemann (1928); and to Gonyaulacales by Taylor (1980).

Subtaxa

Achilleodinium, Achomosphaera, Areosphaeridium, Avellodinium, Bitectatodinium, Cannosphaeropsis, Carduifolia, Cassiculosphaeridia, Chytroeisphaeridia, Cometodinium, Cordosphaeridium, Coronifera, Corradinisphaeridium, Corrudinium, Cribroperidinium, Ctenidodinium, Diphyes, Discorsia, Dissiliodinium, Eatonicysta, Endoscrinium, Epitricysta, Escharisphaeridia, Fibradinium, Fibrocysta, Florentinia, Gonyaulacysta, Gonyaulax, Hapsocysta, Hemiplacophora, Heterosphaeridium, Hystrichodinium, Hystrichokolpoma, Hystrichosphaerina, Impagidinium, Kaiwaradinium, Kallosphaeridium, Kenleyia, Kiokansium, Kleithriasphaeridium, Leptodinioideae, Leptodinium, Liesbergia, Lingulodinium, Litosphaeridium, Meiourogonyaulax, Melitasphaeridium, Nematosphaeropsis, Nexosispinum, Ochetodinium, Oligosphaeridium, Operculodinium, Perisseiasphaeridium, Pervosphaeridium, Protoellipsodinium, Psaligonyaulax, Pterodinium, Pyxidinopsis, Rhynchodiniopsis, Rigaudella, Scriniodinium, Sentusidinium, Sirmiodiniopsis, Sirmiodinium, Stephodinium, Stiphrosphaeridium, Surculosphaeridium, Systematophora, Tehamadinium, Thalassiphora, Tubotuberella, Unipontidinium, Wanaea, Wilsonisphaera, Yalkalpodinium

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1928	Gonyaulacaceae Lindemann
1980	Gonyaulacaceae Taylor

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Rank	Name	Author
class	Dinophyceae	Fritsch 1929
order	Gonyaulacales

Rank	Name	Author
family	Gonyaulacaceae
family	Gonyaulacaceae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Gonyaulacaceae Lindemann 1928

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G. †Achilleodinium Eaton 1976

†Achilleodinium bianii Hultberg 1985

G. †Achomosphaera Evitt 1963

†Achomosphaera cambra Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera convexa Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera delicata Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera globulata Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera operculata Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera ramulifera Deflandre 1937

†Achomosphaera robusta Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera sagena Davey and Williams 1966

†Achomosphaera triangulata Davey and Williams 1969

†Achomosphaera valianta Sah et al. 1970

†Achomosphaera verdieri Below 1982

G. Areosphaeridium Eaton 1971

G. †Avellodinium Blackhouse 1988

†Avellodinium lepidum Blackhouse 1988

G. Bitectatodinium Wilson 1973

G. †Cannosphaeropsis Wetzel 1933

†Cannosphaeropsis aemula Deflandre 1947

†Cannosphaeropsis aemula integra Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Cannosphaeropsis apiculata Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Cannosphaeropsis fenestrata Deflandre and Cookson 1955

†Cannosphaeropsis filamentosa Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Cannosphaeropsis mirabilis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Cannosphaeropsis utinensis Wetzel 1933

†Cannosphaeropsis utinensis filifera Cookson and Eisenack 1958

G. †Carduifolia Hovasse 1932

G. †Cassiculosphaeridia Davey 1969

†Cassiculosphaeridia delicata Stover and Helby 1987

†Cassiculosphaeridia magna Davey 1974

†Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata Davey 1974

G. †Chytroeisphaeridia Downie et al. 1963

†Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides Sarjeant 1979

G. †Cometodinium Deflandre and Courteville 1940

†Cometodinium comatum Srivastava 1984

†Cometodinium obscurum Deflandre and Courteville 1939

†Cometodinium whitei Deflandre and Courteville 1939

G. †Cordosphaeridium Eisenack 1963

†Cordosphaeridium fibrospinosum Davey and Williams 1966

†Cordosphaeridium inodes Sarjeant 1981

†Cordosphaeridium varians May 1980

G. †Coronifera Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Coronifera albertii Millioud 1969

†Coronifera kirae Prössl 1992

†Coronifera oceanica Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Coronifera striolata Stover and Evitt 1978

†Coronifera tubulosa Cookson and Eisenak 1974

G. †Corradinisphaeridium Masure 1986

†Corradinisphaeridium personatum Corradini 1973

G. Corrudinium Stover and Evitt 1978

G. †Cribroperidinium Neale and Sarjeant 1962

†Cribroperidinium confossum Helenes 1984

†Cribroperidinium cooksoniae Norvick 1976

†Cribroperidinium edwardsii Davey 1969

†Cribroperidinium edwarsii Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Cribroperidinium graemei Williams et al. 1998

†Cribroperidinium muderongense Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Cribroperidinium orthoceras Davey 1969

†Cribroperidinium perforans Morgan 1980

†Cribroperidinium reticulatum Quattrocchio and Volkheimer 1985

†Cribroperidinium sepimentum Neale and Sarjeant 1962

G. †Ctenidodinium Deflandre 1939

†Ctenidodinium elegantulum Millioud 1969

†Ctenidodinium ornatum Deflandre 1938

†Ctenidodinium tenellum Deflandre 1938

G. †Diphyes Cookson 1965

†Diphyes cretaceum Jingxian and Wanping 1980

G. †Discorsia Duxbury 1977

†Discorsia nannus Duxbury 1977

G. †Dissiliodinium Drugg 1978

†Dissiliodinium caddaense Stover and Helby 1987

†Dissiliodinium curiosum Burger and Sarjeant 1995

†Dissiliodinium giganteum Feist-Burkhardt 1990

†Dissiliodinium lobispinosum May 1987

G. Eatonicysta Stover and Evitt 1978

G. †Endoscrinium Klement 1960

†Endoscrinium campanula Gocht 1959

†Endoscrinium galeritum Deflandre 1938

†Endoscrinium luridum Gocht 1970

†Endoscrinium prolatum Lentin and Williams 1989

G. †Epitricysta Stover and Helby 1987

†Epitricysta vinckensis Stover and Helby 1987

G. †Escharisphaeridia Erkmen and Sarjeant 1980

G. †Fibradinium Morgenroth 1968

†Fibradinium annetorpense Morgenroth 1968

†Fibradinium variculum Stover and Helby 1987

G. †Fibrocysta Stover and Evitt 1978

†Fibrocysta axialis Eisenack 1965

†Fibrocysta bipolaris Stover and Evitt 1978

†Fibrocysta radiata Stover and Evitt 1978

G. †Florentinia Davey and Verdier 1973

†Florentinia berran Below 1982

†Florentinia clavigera Davey and Verdier 1973

†Florentinia cooksoniae Singh 1971

†Florentinia deanei Davey and Williams 1966

†Florentinia ferox Duxbury 1980

†Florentinia laciniata Davey and Verdier 1973

†Florentinia mantellii Davey and Verdier 1973

†Florentinia radiculata Davey and Verdier 1973

†Florentinia resex Davey and Verdier 1976

G. †Gonyaulacysta Deflandre 1964

†Gonyaulacysta cassidata Eisenack and Cookson 1960

†Gonyaulacysta dualis Stover and Evitt 1978

†Gonyaulacysta fastigiata Duxbury 1977

†Gonyaulacysta helicoidea Eisenack and Cookson 1960

†Gonyaulacysta jurassica Deflandre 1964

†Gonyaulacysta nuciformis Deflandre 1939

†Gonyaulacysta palla Sarjeant 1966

G. †Gonyaulax Diesing 1866

†Gonyaulax ambigua Deflandre 1941

†Gonyaulax apionis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax bulloidea Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Gonyaulax clathrata Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Gonyaulax diaphanis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax edwardsi Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax eisenacki Deflandre 1938

†Gonyaulax eisenacki oligodentata Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax eumorpha Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Gonyaulax hyalodermopsis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax jurassica Deflandre 1938

†Gonyaulax muderongensis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax perforans Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax scotti Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Gonyaulax serrata Cookson and Eisenack 1958

G. †Hapsocysta Davey 1979

†Hapsocysta peridictya Eisenack and Cookson 1960

G. Hemiplacophora Cookson and Eisenack 1965

G. †Heterosphaeridium Cookson and Eisenack 1969

†Heterosphaeridium conjunctum Cookson and Eisenack 1968

†Heterosphaeridium dificile Ioannides 1986

†Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum Eisennack and Kjellström 1972

G. †Hystrichodinium Deflandre 1935

†Hystrichodinium amphiacanthum Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Hystrichodinium compactum Alberti 1961

†Hystrichodinium oligacanthum Deflandre and Cookson 1955

†Hystrichodinium pulchrum Deflandre 1935

†Hystrichodinium pulchrum densispinum Lentin and Williams 1973

†Hystrichodinium ramoides Alberti 1961

G. †Hystrichokolpoma Klumpp 1953

†Hystrichokolpoma cinctum Klumpp 1953

†Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae Deflandre and Cookson 1955

G. †Hystrichosphaerina Alberti 1961

†Hystrichosphaerina schindewolfii Alberti 1961

†Hystrichosphaerina turonica Alberti 1961

G. †Impagidinium Stover and Evitt 1978

†Impagidinium celineae Jan du Chene 1988

†Impagidinium cristatum Lentin and Williams 1981

G. †Kaiwaradinium Wilson 1978

†Kaiwaradinium scrutillinum Blackhouse 1987

G. †Kallosphaeridium De Coninck 1969

†Kallosphaeridium coninckii Burger 1980

†Kallosphaeridium granulatum Norvick 1976

†Kallosphaeridium romaense Burger 1980

†Kallosphaeridium yorubaense Jan du Chene and Adediran 1985

G. †Kenleyia Cookson and Eisenak 1965

†Kenleyia lophophora Cookson and Eisenak 1965

†Kenleyia pachycerata Cookson and Eisenak 1965

G. †Kiokansium Below 1982

†Kiokansium polypes Below 1982

†Kiokansium unituberculatum Stover and Evitt 1978

G. †Kleithriasphaeridium Davey 1974

†Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum Davey 1974

†Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes Davey 1974

†Kleithriasphaeridium tubulosum Stover and Evitt 1978

Subfm. †Leptodinioideae Fensome et al. 1993

G. †Carpodinium Cookson and Eisenack 1962

†Carpodinium granulatum Cookson and Eisenack 1962

G. †Egmontodinium Gitmez and Sarjeant 1972

†Egmontodinium polyplacophorum Gitmez and Sarjeant 1973

†Egmontodinium toryna Davey 1979

†Egmontodinium torynum Davey 1979

G. †Omatia Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Omatia montgomeryi Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Omatia pisciformis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

G. †Spiniferella Stover and Hardenbol 1994

†Spiniferella cornuta Gerlach 1961

G. †Leptodinium Klement 1960

†Leptodinium ambiguum Helenes 1984

†Leptodinium asymmetricum Morgan 1980

†Leptodinium cancellatum Brideaux and McIntyre 1975

†Leptodinium eumorphum Sarjeant 1969

†Leptodinium flammeolum Morgan 1980

†Leptodinium mirabile Klement 1960

†Leptodinium ovum Sah et al. 1970

†Leptodinium posterosulcatum Snape 1992

†Leptodinium simplex Burger 1980

†Leptodinium subtile Klement 1960

G. †Liesbergia Berger 1986

†Liesbergia abdounensis Soncini 1992

G. †Lingulodinium Wall 1967

†Lingulodinium hemicystum McMinn 1991

G. Litosphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966

†Litosphaeridium arundum Davey 1979

†Litosphaeridium conispinum Davey and Verdier 1973

†Litosphaeridium fenestreconum May 1980

†Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum Davey and Williams 1966

G. †Meiourogonyaulax Sarjeant 1966

†Meiourogonyaulax ghermani Beju 1971

G. Melitasphaeridium Harland et al. 1979

G. Nematosphaeropsis Deflandre and Cookson 1955

†Nematosphaeropsis balcombiana Deflandre and Cookson 1955

†Nematosphaeropsis densiradiata Stover and Evitt 1978

†Nematosphaeropsis rigida Wreen 1988

G. †Nexosispinum Davey 1979

G. Ochetodinium Damassa 1979

G. †Oligosphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966

†Oligosphaeridium albertense Davey and Williams 1969

†Oligosphaeridium albertenses Pocock 1962

†Oligosphaeridium anthophorum Cookson and Eisenak 1958

†Oligosphaeridium asterigerum Davey and Williams 1969

†Oligosphaeridium cephalum Sah et al. 1970

†Oligosphaeridium complex Davey and Williams 1966

†Oligosphaeridium dictyophorum Cookson and Eisenak 1958

†Oligosphaeridium dividuum Williams 1978

†Oligosphaeridium perforatum Gocht 1959

†Oligosphaeridium poculum Jain 1977

†Oligosphaeridium porosum Lentin and Williams 1981

†Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum Davey and Williams 1966

†Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimun Davey and Williams 1966

†Oligosphaeridium totum Brideaux 1971

†Oligosphaeridium verrucosum Davey 1979

G. Operculodinium Wall 1967

†Operculodinium baculatum Yu Jingxian and Zhang Wangping 1980

†Operculodinium centrocarpum Wall 1967

†Operculodinium flucturum Davey 1969

†Operculodinium radiculatum Smith 1992

G. †Perisseiasphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966

†Perisseiasphaeridium inusitatum Stevens and Helby 1987

†Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum Davey and Williams 1966

G. †Pervosphaeridium Yun and Hyesu 1981

†Pervosphaeridium intervelum Kirsch 1991

†Pervosphaeridium monasteriense Hyesu 1981

†Pervosphaeridium pseudohystrichodinium Deflandre 1937

†Pervosphaeridium truncatum Below 1982

G. †Protoellipsodinium Davey and Verdier 1971

†Protoellipsodinium rarispinum Prössl 1992

G. †Psaligonyaulax Sarjeant 1966

†Psaligonyaulax apatela Cookson and Eisenak 1960

†Psaligonyaulax deflandrei Sarjeant 1966

G. †Pterodinium Eisenack 1958

†Pterodinium aliferum Eisenack 1958

†Pterodinium cingulatum Below 1981

†Pterodinium cingulatum cingulatum Below 1981

†Pterodinium cornutum Cookson and Eisenack 1962

G. Pyxidinopsis Habib 1976

G. †Rhynchodiniopsis Deflandre 1935

†Rhynchodiniopsis aptiana Deflandre 1935

†Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora Below 1981

†Rhynchodiniopsis serrata Du Chene et al. 1985

G. †Rigaudella Below 1982

†Rigaudella aemula Below 1982

G. †Scriniodinium Klement 1957

†Scriniodinium apatelum Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Scriniodinium attadalense Eisenack 1967

†Scriniodinium ceratophorum Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Scriniodinium crystallinum Klement 1960

†Scriniodinium dictyotum Cookson and Eisenack 1960

†Scriniodinium kempiae Stover and Helby 1987

†Scriniodinium luridum Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Scriniodinium playfordi Cookson and Eisenack 1960

G. †Sentusidinium Sarjeant and Stover 1978

†Sentusidinium aptiense Burger 1980

†Sentusidinium pilosum Ehrenberg 1854

G. †Sirmiodiniopsis Drugg 1978

†Sirmiodiniopsis frisia Lentin and Williams 1981

G. †Sirmiodinium Alberti 1961

†Sirmiodinium grossii Alberti 1961

G. †Stephodinium Deflandre 1936

†Stephodinium coronatum Deflandre 1936

G. †Stiphrosphaeridium Davey 1982

†Stiphrosphaeridium anthophorum Lentin and Williams 1985

G. †Surculosphaeridium Davey 1966

†Surculosphaeridium longifurcatum Davey 1966

G. †Systematophora Klement 1960

†Systematophora areolata Klement 1960

†Systematophora complicata Neale and Sarjeant 1962

†Systematophora palmula Davey 1982

†Systematophora penicillata Sarjeant 1980

†Systematophora silyba Davey 1979

†Systematophora valensii Sarjeant 1961

G. †Tehamadinium Jan du Chene et al. 1986

†Tehamadinium sousensis Jan du Chene 1986

G. †Thalassiphora Eisenack and Gocht 1960

†Thalassiphora pelagica Eisenack 1954

G. †Tubotuberella Vozzhennikova 1967

†Tubotuberella apatela Ioannides et al. 1977

†Tubotuberella missilis Stover and Helby 1987

†Tubotuberella vlamingii Blackhouse 1987

G. †Unipontidinium Wrenn 1988

†Unipontidinium grande Wrenn 1988

G. †Wanaea Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Wanaea acollaris Dodekova 1975

†Wanaea clathrata Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Wanaea digitata Cookson and Eisenack 1958

†Wanaea spectabilis Cookson and Eisenack 1958

G. †Wilsonisphaera Slimani 1994

†Wilsonisphaera petila Corradini 1973

G. †Yalkalpodinium Morgan 1980

†Yalkalpodinium scutum Morgan 1980

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bajocian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 170.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 168.4 Ma

Collections (337 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Bajocian	171.6 - 168.4	United Kingdom (England)	Dissiliodinium sp. (38382)
Late/Upper Bajocian	171.6 - 167.7	Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia)	Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Dissiliodinium sp., Tubotuberella spp. (198681) Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Sentusidinium sp., Gonyaulacysta pectinigera, Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Dissiliodinium sp., Ctenidodinium ornatum (198695) Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Ctenidodinium continuum, Sentusidinium sp., Dissiliodinium sp. (198680) Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Dissiliodinium sp. (198646) Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Sentusidinium sp., Endoscrinium luridum, Dissiliodinium sp. (198673) Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Wanaea acollaris, Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Dissiliodinium sp., Endoscrinium galeritum (198643) Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Meiourogonyaulax sp., Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Ctenidodinium continuum, Endoscrinium luridum, Leptodinium sp., Dissiliodinium sp. (198639) Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Meiourogonyaulax sp., Sentusidinium sp., Leptodinium sp., Rhynchodiniopsis regalis, Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Dissiliodinium sp. (198644) Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Kallosphaeridium hypornatum, Dissiliodinium sp., Tubotuberella spp. (198645) Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Rhynchodiniopsis regalis, Dissiliodinium sp., Tubotuberella spp. (198674)
Bajocian - Bathonian	170.3 - 166.1	United Kingdom (England)	Sentusidinium spp. (38397)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	United Kingdom (England)	Sentusidinium spp., Scriniodinium spp., Gonyaulacysta dangeardii, Gonyaulacysta eisenackii, Gonyaulacysta jurassica, Scriniodinium luridum (38401)
Late/Upper Bathonian	167.7 - 164.7	United Kingdom (England)	Chytroeisphaeridia dictydia (38479)
Callovian - Kimmeridgian	166.1 - 152.1	China (Qinghai)	Ctenidodinium arnatum, Wanaea digitata (61532) Systematophora areolata (68574)
Middle Callovian - Late/Upper Callovian	164.7 - 161.2	France (Franche-Comté)	Sentusidinium villersense, Sirmiodinium grossii, Surculosphaeridium vestitum, Gonyaulacysta jurassica, Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Escharisphaeridia pocockii, Ctenidodinium tenellum, Gonyaulacysta dualis, Sirmiodiniopsis orbis, Tubotuberella apatella (142143)
Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	163.5 - 150.8	Poland	Systematophora varispinosa, Systematophora vestita, Sentusidinium sp., Gonyaulacysta jurassica, Systematophora areolata, Systematophora valensii, Leptodinium subtile (215248) Systematophora varispinosa, Systematophora vestita, Sentusidinium sp., Sentusidinium rioultii, Endoscrinium luridum, Gonyaulacysta jurassica, Systematophora areolata, Systematophora valensii, Leptodinium subtile (215249)
Late/Upper Oxfordian	161.2 - 155.7	Greenland	Gonyaulacysta jurassica (66539)
Middle Oxfordian	161.2 - 155.7	Greenland	Gonyaulacysta scarburghensis, Gonyaulacysta jurassica (66538)
Middle Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	161.2 - 150.8	Poland	Systematophora varispinosa, Systematophora vestita, Sentusidinium sp., Systematophora areolata, Scriniodinium dictyotum, Systematophora valensii, Systematophora penicillata, Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora (215250)
Kimmeridgian	157.3 - 152.1	China (Xizang)	Meiourogonyaulax rioultii, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Ctenidodinium mosaicum (61451)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	155.7 - 150.8	Greenland	Sentusidinium myriatrichum, Leptodinium hyalodermopsis, Gonyaulacysta jurassica (66540)
Middle Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	Greenland	Sentusidinium myriatrichum, Leptodinium hyalodermopsis, Gonyaulacysta sp. (66541 66542)
Early/Lower Berriasian	145.0 - 140.2	Greenland	Leptodinium hyalodermopsis (66550 66553) Sentusidinium myriatrichum (66546) Sentusidinium myriatrichum, Leptodinium hyalodermopsis (66544) Sentusidinium myriatrichum, Leptodinium hyalodermopsis, Gonyaulacysta helicoidea (66549)
Late/Upper Berriasian	145.0 - 140.2	Greenland	Sentusidinium myriatrichum, Gonyaulacysta helicoidea (66554)
Berriasian	145.0 - 139.8	Russian Federation	Cribroperidinium globatum, Sentusidinium sp., Scriniodinium glabrum, Sirmiodinium grossii, Escharisphaeridia rudis, Tubotuberella apatela (65699) Cribroperidinium sp., Hystrichodinium pulchrum (65442) Cribroperidinium sp., Kleithriasphaeridium sp., Hystrichodinium pulchrum (65433) Cribroperidinium sp., Sentusidinium sp., Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta sp. (65439) Sentusidinium sp., Leptodinium hyalodermopse, Scriniodinium glabrum, Scriniodinium sp., Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta cretacea, Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Systematophora palmula, Escharisphaeridia rudis, Tubotuberella apatela (65700)
Early/Lower Cretaceous	145.0 - 100.5	India (Tamil Nadu)	Oligosphaeridium complex, Gonyaulacysta sp. (224609)
Early/Lower Valanginian	140.2 - 136.4	Russian Federation	Cribroperidinium spinoreticulatum, Oligosphaeridium poculum, Sentusidinium sp., Leptodinium hyalodermopse, Sirmiodinium grossii, Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Perisseiasphaeridium sp., Gonyaulacysta fastigiata, Avellodinium sp., Tubotuberella apatela (65748) Oligosphaeridium sp., Kiokansium sp., Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta sp., Hystrichodinium pulchrum (65443)
Early/Lower Valanginian	140.2 - 136.4	Greenland	Leptodinium hyalodermopsis, Gonyaulacysta helicoidea (66557) Oligosphaeridium complex (66558)
Late/Upper Valanginian	140.2 - 136.4	Russian Federation	Cribroperidinium sp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Sentusidinium sp., Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta sp., Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Rhynchodiniopsis sp. (65459) Cribroperidinium spinoreticulatum, Oligosphaeridium complex, Scriniodinium pharo, Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta cretacea, Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Perisseiasphaeridium sp., Tubotuberella apatela (65751)
Valanginian	139.8 - 132.9	Russian Federation	Cribroperidinium spinoreticulatum, Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Kleithriasphaeridium sp., Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta sp., Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Rhynchodiniopsis sp., Cassiculosphaeridia magna (65458)
Valanginian - Barremian	139.8 - 125.0	Chile (Doceava Región)	Kiokansium polypes, Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum (150034) Oligosphaeridium complex (150016 150032) Oligosphaeridium complex, Oligosphaeridium poculum (150035) Oligosphaeridium complex, Systematophora spp., Oligosphaeridium poculum (150027)
Early/Lower Hauterivian	136.4 - 130.0	Russian Federation	Oligosphaeridium complex, Sentusidinium sp., Sirmiodinium grossii, Gonyaulacysta sp., Hystrichodinium pulchrum (65754)
Late/Upper Hauterivian	136.4 - 130.0	Argentina (Neuquén)	Cribroperidinium spp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimun, Systematophora sp., Oligosphaeridium poculum, Kiokansium unituberculatum, Scriniodinium sp., Cribroperidinium edwarsii, Cribroperidinium orthoceras, Florentinia sp., Florentinia mantellii, Gonyaulacysta spp., Hystrichosphaerina pulchrum, Hystrichosphaerina schindewolfii, Kallosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium dividuum, Rhynchodiniopsis sp., Tehamadinium sp., Tehamadinium sousensis (150584)
Hauterivian - Barremian	132.9 - 125.0	United Kingdom (England)	Cribroperidinium sp. (32361 32363) Wanaea fimbriata, Gonyaulacysta areolata (32373)
Late/Upper Barremian	130.0 - 125.45	Russian Federation (Ul'yanovsk)	Sirmiodinium grossii, Cassiculosphaeridia magna (118044)
Barremian	129.4 - 125.0	Egypt (El Wadi El Gadid)	Oligosphaeridium complex, Florentinia khaldunii, Florentinia sp. short spined, Florentinia laciniata (139495 139499) Oligosphaeridium complex, Florentinia sp. short spined (139497)
Barremian - Aptian	129.4 - 113.0	Chile (Doceava Región)	Oligosphaeridium complex, Cribroperidinium confossum, Cometodinium comatum (150023) Oligosphaeridium complex, Kiokansium polypes (150024)
Barremian - Albian	129.4 - 100.5	Israel (Southern Coastal Plain)	Oligosphaeridium complex (144154) Oligosphaeridium complex, Chytroeisphaeridia sp. (144153)
Barremian - Santonian	129.4 - 83.6	Antarctica	Cribroperidinium edwardsii (153420)
Early/Lower Aptian	125.45 - 122.46	Antarctica	Oligosphaeridium complex, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Cribroperidinium edwardsii (150202)
Early/Lower Aptian	125.45 - 122.46	United Kingdom (England)	Protoellipsodinium spinosum (32371)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi)	Oligosphaeridium complex (142266 142269 142270)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Portugal	Gonyaulacysta orthoceras, Gonyaulacysta tenuiceras (73548)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 112.03	Brazil (Ceará)	Leptodinium cancellatum (151000)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian	122.46 - 109.0	Brazil (Sergipe)	Cribroperidinium edwardsii (169782 169784) Florentinia mantellii (169717) Oligosphaeridium albertenses (169700 169704 169756) Oligosphaeridium complex (169734) Oligosphaeridium irregulare, Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum (169731) Oligosphaeridium pocolum, Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Systematophora sp., Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Oligosphaeridium albertenses, Oligosphaeridium totum (169729) Oligosphaeridium pocolum, Oligosphaeridium sp., Systematophora sp., Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Oligosphaeridium albertenses, Oligosphaeridium totum (169740) Oligosphaeridium sp. (169693 169701 169709 169712 169716 169720 169737) Oligosphaeridium sp., Florentinia mantellii, Oligosphaeridium totum (169724) Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium albertenses (169711 169735) Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium complex (169695 169696) Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Systematophora sp., Oligosphaeridium albertenses (169739) Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum (169721) Oligosphaeridium sp., Oligosphaeridium totum (169694) Oligosphaeridium totum (169748) Systematophora sp. (169779)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi)	Oligosphaeridium complex (142243 142244 142252 142254 142257 142260 142262 142263)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	Antarctica	Kiokansium polypes, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Coronifera oceanica, Coronifera striolata, Omatia montgomeryi (153431) Kiokansium polypes, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Coronifera oceanica, Omatia montgomeryi (153432)
Albian - Cenomanian	113.0 - 93.9	Antarctica	Oligosphaeridium complex, Kiokansium polypes, Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Cribroperidinium edwardsii, Cribroperidinium orthoceras, Coronifera oceanica (153423) Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Cribroperidinium edwardsii (153421)
Middle Albian	109.0 - 105.3	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur)	Oligosphaeridium sp., Systematophora sp. (70458)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian	109.0 - 99.6	Antarctica	Cribroperidinium edwardsii, Cribroperidinium orthoceras (153430)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	105.3 - 93.5	Israel (Southern Coastal Plain)	Chytroeisphaeridia sp. (144145 144147 144149)
Late/Upper Albian - Late/Upper Turonian	105.3 - 89.3	Antarctica	Cribroperidinium perforans, Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum, Nematosphaeropsis densiradiata (150206)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Antarctica	Heterosphaeridium sp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Pterodinium cingulatum (153426) Oligosphaeridium complex, Kiokansium polypes, Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Cribroperidinium edwardsii, Coronifera striolata (153428)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (New Jersey)	Gonyaulax pachyderma, Gonyaulax wetzeli (34141)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	India (Meghalaya)	Achomosphaera sp., Achomosphaera cambra, Achomosphaera convexa, Achomosphaera delicata, Achomosphaera globulata, Achomosphaera operculata, Achomosphaera robusta, Achomosphaera valianta, Leptodinium ovum, Oligosphaeridium cephalum (224615)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi)	Oligosphaeridium complex (142227 142228 142229 142231 142233 142234 142236 142238 142239 142241)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Egypt (Western Desert)	Oligosphaeridium complex, Florentinia sp., Florentinia cooksioniae, Kallosphaeridium sp., Coronifera oceanica (144979 145096 145097 145098 145099 145100 145101 145102 145103 145104 145105 145106 145107 145108)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Egypt (north Western Desert)	Florentinia berran (140415 140416 140417 140418 140419 140422 140424 140427 140428 140431 140432 140435 140438)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Egypt (Western Desert)	Oligosphaeridium complex, Florentinia sp., Florentinia cooksioniae, Kallosphaeridium sp., Coronifera oceanica (145109 145110 145111 145112 145113 145114 145115 145116 145117 145118 145119 145120 145121 145122 145123 145124 145125)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Egypt (north Western Desert)	Florentinia berran (140411 140412 140413 140414) Oligosphaeridium complex (140409) Oligosphaeridium complex, Florentinia berran (140406)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Egypt (north Western Desert)	Florentinia berran (140391) Oligosphaeridium complex (140394 140395 140398 140399)
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian	93.5 - 85.8	Antarctica	Operculodinium spp., Impagidinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum (169326) Operculodinium spp., Impagidinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169324 169325)
Coniacian	89.8 - 86.3	Antarctica	Kleithriasphaeridium tubulosum (150208)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	Egypt (north Western Desert)	Oligosphaeridium complex, Florentinia berran (140379)
Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian	89.8 - 83.5	Antarctica	Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169329 169330) Heterosphaeridium heterocanthum (169327) Heterosphaeridium heterocanthum, Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169328) Impagidinium spp. (169331) Operculodinium spp., Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169337) Operculodinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum (169352) Operculodinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169335 169338) Operculodinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Stephodinium coronatum (169351) Operculodinium spp., Impagidinium spp. (169332 169334) Operculodinium spp., Impagidinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum (169343 169344 169346) Operculodinium spp., Impagidinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169339 169340 169341 169342 169348) Operculodinium spp., Impagidinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Stephodinium coronatum, Chytroeisphaeridia baetica (169349)
Santonian - Campanian	86.3 - 72.1	Antarctica	Oligosphaeridium complex, Kiokansium polypes, Heterosphaeridium sp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Cassiculosphaeridia sp. I, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Scriniodinium ceratophorum, Cribroperidinium cooksoniae, Heterosphaeridium conjunctum, Heterosphaeridium dificile, Pterodinium cingulatum (150509) Operculodinium spp., Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum (169354)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Canada (Nunavut)	Heterosphaeridium difficile, Scriniodinium crystallinum, Kallosphaeridium ringnesiorum (36383)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Heterosphaeridium difficile (36384)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Antarctica	Carduifolia onoporides (57573) Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum (153425)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Antarctica	Kiokansium polypes, Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Stephodinium sp. A, Pterodinium cingulatum (153427) Oligosphaeridium sp. A (150959 150960 150961 150963 150964 150965 150966 150968 150969 150971 150972 150973 150974) Oligosphaeridium sp. A, Nematosphaeropsis densiradiata (150967 150975) Oligosphaeridium sp. A, Oligosphaeridium complex (150962 150970)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Cribroperidinium spp. (191781 191784 191787 191788 191789 191792 191799 191802 191804 191807 191808 191811 191815) Cribroperidinium spp., Coronifera oceanica (191795) Cribroperidinium spp., Impagidinium spp. (191791) Cribroperidinium spp., Pterodinium sp. (191785) Florentinia sp. (191782) Oligosphaeridium sp. (191816)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Antarctica	Cribroperidinium spp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Achomosphaera ramulifera, Cassiculosphaeridia spp., Impagidinium cristatum, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Operculodinium baculatum, Operculodinium flucturum, Pterodinium cornutum, Sentusidinium sp. A (150182)
Haumurian	83.5 - 66.0	New Zealand (South Island)	Cribroperidinium edwardsii (104692)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Antarctica	Carduifolia onoporides (57554 57557 57558 57560 57561 57562 57563 57566 57568 57569) Operculodinium sp., Cribroperidinium sp. A, Pterodinium cingulatum (153424)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Antarctica	Operculodinium radiculatum, Pterodinium cretaceum (75458)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Nematosphaeropsis sp., Operculodinium centrocarpum, Cribroperidinium sp., Impagidinium sp., Oligosphaeridium complex, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimun, Operculodinium radiculatum (149981)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Antarctica	Carduifolia onoporides (57538 57540 57541 57542 57543 57545 57546 57550 57552)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	Colombia	Coronifera sp. (28568)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Australia (Tasmania)	Operculodinium sp., Systematophora variabilis (166741)
Middle Eocene	48.6 - 37.2	Colombia	Achomosphaera sp., Cordosphaeridium inodes (28866) Lingulodinium sicula, Achomosphaera sp. (28863) Lingulodinium sicula, Achomosphaera sp., Cordosphaeridium inodes (28865) Lingulodinium sicula, Achomosphaera sp., Hystrichokolpoma sp., Cordosphaeridium inodes (29073) Nematosphaeropsis sp., Achomosphaera sp., Cordosphaeridium inodes (28775) Systematophora sp., Achomosphaera sp., Hystrichokolpoma sp. (28861)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene	48.6 - 33.9	USA (Alaska)	Leptodinium maculatum, Leptodinium membranigerum, Cordosphaeridium dictyoplokus, Diphyes colligerum (189955)
Lutetian - Bartonian	47.8 - 38.0	Japan (Hyogo)	Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum, Cordosphaeridium exilimurum (102038 102041)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Virginia)	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium sp., Cribroperidinium sp., Hystrichokolpoma sp., Achilleodinium bioformoides, Thalassiphora pelagica (107512)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Ukraine (Kyiv)	Thalassiphora fenestrata (57767)
Priabonian - Rupelian	38.0 - 28.1	Peru (Loreto)	Lingulodinium sp. (144474)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Antarctica	Thalassiphora sp. (31366)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium microtriainum, Systematophora placacantha, Achomosphaera alcicornu, Achomosphaera sp., Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae, Cordosphaeridium minimum, Achilleodinium biformoides, Thalassiphora pelagica, Hystrichokolpoma cinctum (68021)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Argentina (Tierra del Fuego)	Lingulodinium spp. (151629) Lingulodinium spp., Operculodinium centrocarpum (151628 151630) Operculodinium centrocarpum (144141 151632 151636)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Lingulodinium hemicystum, Nematosphaeropsis rigida (142222)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene	28.4 - 15.97	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Cannosphaeropsis utinensis (142320 142332) Lingulodinium hemicystum (142319) Lingulodinium hemicystum, Operculodinium centrocarpum (142323 142324 142329 142330) Lingulodinium hemicystum, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Cannosphaeropsis utinensis (142331) Operculodinium centrocarpum (142322)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Azerbaijan	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Lingulodinium sp., Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum, Cribroperidinium sp., Impagidinium sp., Systematophora sp., Hystrichokolpoma sp., Cordosphaeridium sp., Thalassiphora sp. (116637)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Azerbaijan	Lingulodinium macherophorum, Nematosphaeropsis sp., Operculodinium israelianum, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Impagidinium sp., Systematophora sp. (116633) Lingulodinium sp., Nematosphaeropsis sp., Operculodinium israelianum, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Impagidinium sp., Systematophora sp., Achomosphaera andalousiensis, Cordosphaeridium sp., Achilleodinium sp., Thalassiphora sp., Melitasphaeridium sp. (116623)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Panama	Operculodinium centrocarpus (32333 32334)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Lingulodinium hemicystum, Nematosphaeropsis rigida (142225 142226) Lingulodinium hemicystum, Nematosphaeropsis rigida, Operculodinium centrocarpum (142224)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina (Tierra del Fuego)	Lingulodinium spp. (151627) Lingulodinium spp., Nematosphaeropsis rigida, Operculodinium centrocarpum (144139) Lingulodinium spp., Operculodinium centrocarpum (151626) Nematosphaeropsis rigida, Operculodinium centrocarpum (144140)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Azerbaijan	Lingulodinium sp. (116629) Operculodinium piaseckerii, Impagidinium sp., Systematophora sp., Pterodinium sp. (116625)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Australia (New south wales)	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium centrocarpum (168995) Operculodinium centrocarpum (168996 168997 168999 169003)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene	15.97 - 5.333	Argentina (Chubut)	Lingulodinium hemicystum (144210)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (Maryland)	Lingulodinium macherophorum, Operculodinium piaseckii, Operculodinium centrocarpum (55396)
Late/Upper Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene	11.608 - 2.588	Belgium (Campine Area)	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium sp., Operculodinium eirikianum, Operculodinium tegillatum, Operculodinium longispinigerum, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Achomosphaera andalousiensis, Corrudinium labradori (122028)
Zanclean - Piacenzian	5.333 - 2.588	Netherlands (Noord-Brabant)	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium sp., Operculodinium centrocarpum, Impagidinium sp., Achomosphaera andalousiensis, Melitasphaeridium choanophorum (59003)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Portugal (Algarve)	Cordosphaeridium sp. (40985)
Ionian	0.781 - 0.126	Italy (Apulia)	Operculodinium sp. (157641)
Ionian (interglacial)	0.781 - 0.126	Italy (Apulia)	Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus, Operculodinium sp., Operculodinium centrocarpum (157640)
Ionian - Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.781 - 0.0117	Italy (Apulia)	Operculodinium centrocarpum, Impagidinium patulum, Impagidinium sp. (157642)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.126 - 0.0117	Canada (Quebec)	Operculodinium centrocarpum (116551)