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Sphenacomorpha

Taxonomy
Sphenacomorpha was named by Ivakhnenko (2003). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Eotherapsida by Ivakhnenko (2008); to Eupelycosauria by Spindler (2015); to Eupelycosauria by Spindler et al. (2015); and to Synapsida by Spindler et al. (2019).

Subtaxa
Sphenacodontia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2003Sphenacomorpha Ivakhnenko
2008Sphenacomorpha Ivakhnenko
2015Sphenacomorpha Spindler
2015Sphenacomorpha Spindler et al. p. 18
2019Sphenacomorpha Spindler et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
RankNameAuthor
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
suborderEupelycosauria
—SphenacomorphaIvakhnenko 2003
—SphenacomorphaIvakhnenko 2003

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Sphenacomorpha Ivakhnenko 2003
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Subor. †Sphenacodontia Romer and Price 1940
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G. †Cutleria Lewis and Vaughn 1965
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†Cutleria wilmarthi Lewis and Vaughn 1965
Fm. †Homodontosauridae Kuhn 1961
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G. †Homodontosaurus Broom 1949
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G. †Ianthodon Kissel and Reisz 2004
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†Ianthodon schultzei Kissel and Reisz 2004
G. †Palaeohatteria Credner 1888
G. †Pantelosaurus v. Huene 1925
G. †Shashajaia Huttenlocker et al. 2021
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†Shashajaia bermani Huttenlocker et al. 2021
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Fm. †Sphenacodontidae Marsh 1878
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G. †Cryptovenator Fröbisch et al. 2011
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†Cryptovenator hirschbergeri Fröbisch et al. 2011
G. †Ctenorhachis Hook and Hotton 1991
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†Ctenorhachis jacksoni Hook and Hotton 1991
Subfm. †Secodontosaurinae Romer and Price 1940
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G. †Secodontosaurus Romer 1936
Subfm. †Sphenacodontinae Romer 1936
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G. †Bathygnathus Leidy 1853
G. †Ctenospondylus Romer 1936
G. †Dimetrodon Cope 1878
G. †Macromerion Fritsch 1879
G. †Neosaurus Nopsca 1923
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Invalid names: Geosaurus Gervais 1869 [replaced]
G. †Sphenacodon Marsh 1878
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Invalid names: Oxyodon von Huene 1908 [replaced]
Invalid names: Dimetrodon kempae Romer 1937 [nomen dubium], Eosyodon Olson 1962 [nomen dubium], Eosyodon hudsoni Olson 1962 [nomen dubium], Palaeohatteriidae Baur 1889 [synonym], Pantelosauridae Huene 1925 [synonym], Varanopsinae Romer 1936 [empty]
Fm. †Tappenosauridae Olson and Beerbower 1953
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G. †Tappenosaurus Olson and Beerbower 1953
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†Tappenosaurus magnus Olson and Beerbower 1953
Invalid names: Anningiidae Broom 1927 [empty], Haptodontinae Romer and Price 1940 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Stephanian B to the top of the Changhsingian or 304.80000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (120 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7USA (Illinois) Sphenacodontidae indet. (224241)
Kasimovian - Kungurian307.0 - 272.3USA (Utah) Sphenacodon sp., Shashajaia bermani (218159)
Missourian305.9 - 303.4USA (Kansas) Ianthodon schultzei (80784)
Stephanian B304.8 - 303.4Czech Republic (Rakovník) Macromerion schwarzenbergii, Macromerion schwartzenbergii (154179)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Cryptovenator hirschbergeri (109702)
Gzhelian - Sakmarian303.7 - 290.1USA (New Mexico) Sphenacodon sp. (180989)
Virgilian303.4 - 298.9USA (New Mexico) Sphenacodon ferox (34761)
Virgilian303.4 - 298.9USA (Oklahoma) Sphenacodontia indet. (13947)
Virgilian - Wolfcamp303.4 - 268.0USA (New Mexico) Sphenacodon ferox (77412)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5USA (Texas) Dimetrodon sp. (173721 207496)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5United Kingdom (England) Oxyodon britannicus (80783)
Autunian298.9 - 295.0France (Jura) Geosaurus cynodus (181051)
Asselian - Sakmarian298.9 - 290.1USA (Utah) Sphenacodontidae indet. (13257)
Asselian - Sakmarian298.9 - 290.1USA (Texas) Dimetrodon natalis (11165) Dimetrodon sp. (113555)
Permian298.9 - 252.17USA (Oklahoma) Dimetrodon limbatus (221391 221392)
Permian298.9 - 252.17South Africa Homodontosaurus kitchingi (190134)
Wolfcamp296.4 - 268.0USA (Texas) Dimetrodon limbatus (180978) Dimetrodon milleri (79162)
Wolfcamp296.4 - 268.0USA (Colorado) Cutleria wilmarthi (85475 85480)
Wolfcamp296.4 - 268.0USA (New Mexico) Dimetrodon limbatus (181037) Dimetrodon sp. (181078) Sphenacodon ferocior (80916 180382 181076) Sphenacodon ferocior, Dimetrodon occidentalis, Sphenacodon sp., Dimetrodon occidentalis (180974) Sphenacodon ferox (80833 179932 180106 180383 180384 180940) Sphenacodon sp. (85436 181075) Sphenacodon sp., Sphenacodon ferox (181077) Sphenacodontidae indet., Sphenacodon ferocior, Dimetrodon occidentalis (28067)
Wolfcamp - Leonard296.4 - 268.0USA (Utah) Sphenacodon ferocior, Ctenospondylus casei (80110)
Sakmarian295.5 - 290.1USA (Texas) Dimetrodon incisivus (28124) Dimetrodon sp. (28120 28123 28125)
Sakmarian295.5 - 290.1USA (Ohio) Ctenospondylus ninevehensis (80877)
Sakmarian - Artinskian295.5 - 279.3USA (New Mexico) Sphenacodon sp. (180988)
Sakmarian - Artinskian295.5 - 279.3USA (Texas) Dimetrodon sp. (28324)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3USA (Texas) Clepsydrops natalis, Clepsydrops limbatus, Dimetrodon semiradicatus (108766) Clepsydrops natalis, Dimetrodon rectiformis, Theropleura obtusidens (28142) Ctenorhachis jacksoni (181054) Dimetrodon booneorum (13080) Dimetrodon longiramus, Clepsydrops macrospondylus (28238) Dimetrodon milleri (84716) Dimetrodon obtusidens (28149) Dimetrodon sp. (22714 28141 28143 28144 28145 28147 28148 28150 28239 28240) Dimetrodon sp., Ctenospondylus casei (28146)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3Germany (Thuringia) Dimetrodon teutonis (80112)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3Canada (Prince Edward Island) Bathygnathus borealis (48897)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3USA (Oklahoma) Dimetrodon sp. (79402 220872) Sphenacodontidae indet., Dimetrodon sp. (67862)
Artinskian - Kungurian290.1 - 272.3USA (Texas) Dimetrodon semiradicatus, Dimetrodon obtusidens (28253) Dimetrodon sp. (28241 28242 28249 28250 28252 85299 85300 85301)
Artinskian - Kungurian290.1 - 272.3USA (Oklahoma) Dimetrodon dollovianus, Dimetrodon macrospondylus, Dimetrodon platycentrus (85733)
Artinskian - Roadian290.1 - 268.8USA (Texas) Dimetrodon sp. (180992)
Leonard290.1 - 268.0USA (Texas) Dimetrodon gigashomogenes (85362)
Leonard290.1 - 268.0USA (Oklahoma) Dimetrodon grandis, Dimetrodon giganhomogenes (180990) Dimetrodon limbatus (85567 180991) Dimetrodon sp. (79815 84941 87054)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3USA (Texas) Clepsydrops natalis, Dimetrodon incisivus, Dimetrodon loomisi, Secodontosaurus willistoni, Dimetrodon kempae (28267) Dimetrodon gigashomogenes (12976 27704 85553 177000 177003 177014 177017 177019 178738) Dimetrodon loomisi, Dimetrodon gigashomogenes, Embolophorus dollovianus (28256) Dimetrodon sp. (28251 28261 28264 28270 67735 67737 85551 85552 85554) Dimetrodon sp., Dimetrodon grandis, Theropleura grandis (28275)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3USA (Oklahoma) Dimetrodon loomisi (67945) Dimetrodon sp. (79602)
Kungurian - Roadian279.3 - 268.8USA (Texas) Dimetrodon angelensis (80689 85170) Tappenosaurus magnus (80729 85171) Tappenosaurus magnus, Eosyodon hudsoni (79600)
Roadian - Wordian272.3 - 265.1USA (Oklahoma) Tappenosauridae indet. (27475)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian259.9 - 252.17South Africa (Eastern Cape) Homodontosaurus kitchingi (80219 174735 179588)