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Chirotherium barthii
Taxonomy
Chirotherium barthii was named by Kaup (1835). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is UTGI, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Hessberger Quarry, Hildburghausen tracksite, which is in an Olenekian/Anisian terrestrial sandstone/claystone in the Chirotheriensandstein Formation of Germany.
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1835 | Chirotherium barthii Kaup p. 328 |
1836 | Chirotherium majus Sickler |
1842 | Chirotherium kaupii Owen |
1846 | Chirotherium barthii Girard p. 9 |
1854 | Cheirotherium kaupii Mantell p. 752 |
1886 | Chirotherium majus Winkler p. 191 |
1902 | Chirotherium barthii Hay p. 542 |
1917 | Chirotherium gallicum Willruth |
1925 | Chirotherium pfeifferi Soergel |
1927 | Chirotherium barthi Kirchner |
1927 | Saurichnites auraensis Kirchner p. 119 |
1927 | Chirotherium barthi Schmidt p. 525 |
1930 | Chirotherium barthii Hay p. 9 |
1934 | Cheirotherium barthi Swinton p. 82 |
1936 | Saurichnites gambaensis Schuster |
1938 | Saurichnites auraensis Schmidt p. 68 |
1938 | Chirotherium barthi Schmidt p. 124 |
1938 | Chirotherium pfeifferi Schmidt p. 124 |
1948 | Chirotherium barthi Peabody p. 364 |
1952 | Saurichnites auraensis Bock p. 403 |
1952 | Chirotherium barthi Bock p. 411 |
1952 | Chirotherium barthi Lang and Huene p. 3 |
1952 | Chirotherium pfeifferi Lang and Huene p. 7 |
1952 | Chirotherium higuerensis Rusconi |
1954 | Chirotherium barthii Baird p. 168 |
1957 | Chirotherium barthii Baird p. 482 |
1958 | Chirotherium barthi Kuhn p. 21 |
1958 | Chirotherium kaupii Kuhn p. 21 |
1958 | Chirotherium pfeifferi Kuhn p. 21 |
1959 | Chirotherium barthi Schmidt p. 97 |
1961 | Chirotherium bairdi Reig |
1963 | Chirotherium barthii Kuhn p. 68 |
1968 | Chirotherium barthi Courel et al. p. 276 |
1968 | Chirotherium gallicum Courel et al. p. 277 |
1969 | Chirotherium barthii Haubold p. 93 fig. 3 |
1970 | Chirotherium barthi Demathieu p. 131 |
1970 | Chirotherium barthi Ellenberger et al. p. 157 |
1971 | Chirotherium barthii Haubold p. 55 |
1972 | Chirotherium barthii Demathieu and Haubold p. 805 |
1972 | Chirotherium gallicum Demathieu and Haubold p. 805 |
1973 | Chirotherium barti Gand et al. p. 12 |
1974 | Chirotherium barthii Demathieu p. 8 |
1974 | Chirotherium gallicum Demathieu p. 8 |
1974 | Chirotherium barthi Gand p. 9 |
1974 | Chirotherium barthii Haubold p. 103 |
1975 | Chirotherium barthi Sarjeant p. 292 |
1985 | Brachychirotherium gallicum Demathieu p. 59 |
1985 | Chirotherium barthii Demathieu p. 59 |
1993 | Chirotherium barthi Tresise p. 331 |
1995 | Chirotherium barthii Courel and Demathieu p. 87 |
1995 | Brachychirotherium gallicum Courel and Demathieu p. 89 |
2000 | Chirotherium barthii Avanzini p. 248 |
2003 | Chirotherium barthii Tresise p. 132 |
2004 | Chirotherium barthii Demathieu and Demathieu p. 82 |
2004 | Brachychirotherium gallicum Demathieu and Demathieu p. 84 |
2005 | Chirotherium barthii Haubold and Klein p. 71 |
2005 | Chirotherium barthii King et al. |
2006 | Chirotherium barthi Thulborn p. 291 fig. 8 |
2007 | Chirotherium barthii Gand et al. p. 12 |
2007 | Chirotherium barthii Klein and Haubold p. 120 |
2010 | Chirotherium barthii Klein and Lucas p. 29 |
2011 | Chirotherium barthii Klein et al. p. 220 |
2012 | Chirotherium barthii Gand et al. p. 67 |
2012 | Brachychirotherium gallicum Gand et al. p. 68 |
2012 | Chirotherium barthii Haderer and Sachs p. 6 |
2021 | Chirotherium barthii Klein and Lucas p. 21 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Chirotherium barthii Kaup 1835
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Invalid names: Chirotherium bairdi Reig 1961 [synonym], Chirotherium gallicum Willruth 1917 [synonym], Chirotherium higuerensis Rusconi 1952 [synonym], Chirotherium kaupii Owen 1842 [synonym], Chirotherium majus Sickler 1836 [synonym], Chirotherium pfeifferi Soergel 1925 [synonym], Saurichnites auraensis Kirchner 1927 [synonym], Saurichnites gambaensis Schuster 1936 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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F. E. Peabody 1948 | Trackways of large chirotheriid with narrow pattern, pace angulation 170 degrees, but with relatively short stride, ratio of stride to pes length 5 to 1, manus turned out more than pes; pes digit group I-IV relatively long, not short and broad as in other large chirotheriids; pes shows moderate development of specialized pads which are more or less localized under individual digital joints, large circular pad covers the base of digit II and III; digit IV shorter than III and equal to II in length; digit V with large rounded pad centering about the position of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint; maximum pes length below 25 cm.; claws triangular in outline; pes digit V sometimes elongated posteriorly by broad metatarsal ridge. | |
H. Klein and S. G. Lucas 2021 | Trackways of quadrupeds with low trackway width, pace angulation ~170°, but relatively short stride length, Stride:pes length ratio = 5:1; compared with the pes, manus turned more strongly outward. Digit group I–IV relatively long and slender compared with other chirotheriids. Pes imprint with pronounced and symmetrical anterior digit group II–IV in which digit III is longest, and digits II and IV are subequal in length. Digit I reduced, thinner and shifted slightly posteriorly relative to digit group II–IV. Digit V with large basal pad behind the metatarsophalangeal pad IV and with a distinct, thinner phalangeal portion that is often curved backward. Robust and rounded phalangeal and metatarsophalangeal pads visible, the bases of digits II and III being formed by the amalgamated metatarsophalangeal pads II and III. Manus pentadactyl, short, with digit III longest, digits I and V reduced, and IV relatively short and often laterally abducted. Claws in the pes and manus triangular. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 |
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Triassic to the top of the Norian or 252.17000 to 208.50000 Ma
Collections (43 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Buntsandstein | Germany (Bavaria) | Saurichnites auraensis (205800 205802) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Chirotherium barthii (222574) | |
Early/Lower Triassic - Middle Triassic | Switzerland (Valais) | Chirotherium barthii (221969) | |
Spathian | USA (Wyoming) | Chirotherium barthii (135634 135635 135636 135637) | |
Olenekian | Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) | Chirotherium barthii (149976) | |
Olenekian - Anisian | Germany (Thuringia) | Chirotherium barthi (191138) Chirotherium barthii, Chirotherium barthi, Chirotherium pfeifferi (type locality: 182300) | |
Aegean - Bithynian | USA (Arizona) | Chirotherium barthi (95093 114094 114095) Chirotherium barthii (135413) | |
Anisian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Chirotherium barthii (194584) | |
Anisian | France (Languedoc-Rousillon) | Chirotherium barthii, Chirotherium gallicum (199936) | |
Anisian | Spain (Aragon) | Chirotherium barthii (199856) | |
Anisian | United Kingdom (England) | Chirotherium barthii (52505 197296 197353) | |
Anisian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | Chirotherium barthii (199858 199903) | |
Anisian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Chirotherium barthii (175801) | |
Illyrian | Spain (Aragon) | Brachychirotherium gallicum (199855) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Chirotherium barthi (28462) Chirotherium barthii (199928) Chirotherium sp. (68226) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Chirotherium barthi (192151) Chirotherium sp. (31310 199933) | |
Middle Triassic | Argentina (Mendoza) | Chirotherium barthii (85558) | |
Middle Triassic | Germany (Thuringia) | Chirotherium barthi (191135 191136) Chirotherium pfeifferi (191134) | |
Middle Triassic | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Chirotherium barthi (201285) | |
Middle Triassic | France ( Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Chirotherium barthi (201287) | |
Middle Triassic | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Chirotherium sp. (28092) | |
Middle Triassic | China (Guizhou) | Chirotherium barthii (196817 196818) | |
Ladinian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Chirotherium barthii (219953) | |
Ladinian - Carnian | Switzerland (Valais) | Isochirotherium sp. (220870) | |
Norian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Chirotherium higuerensis (206089) |