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Clypeaster
Taxonomy
Clypeaster was named by Lamarck (1801) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-m-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Clypeastridae by Kew (1920) and Grant and Hertlein (1938); to Echinoidea by Durham (1961); to Clypeasteroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Clypeasteridae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Jackson (1937), Cooke (1942), Durham (1955), Durham (1966), Nisiyama (1968), Ragaini (1994), Kier (1997) and Donovan et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Clypeastridae by Kew (1920) and Grant and Hertlein (1938); to Echinoidea by Durham (1961); to Clypeasteroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Clypeasteridae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Jackson (1937), Cooke (1942), Durham (1955), Durham (1966), Nisiyama (1968), Ragaini (1994), Kier (1997) and Donovan et al. (2005).
Species
C. (Rhaphidoclypus), C. abruptus, C. antillarum, C. batheri, C. bowersi, C. butleri, C. carrizoensis, C. caudatus, C. concavus, C. cotteaui, C. cubensis, C. deserti, C. europacificus, C. excentricum (syn. Asterostoma dickersoni, Asterostoma irregularis), C. gatuni, C. herrerae, C. humilis, C. japonicus, C. lanceolatus, C. lopezriosi, C. maoadentroensis, C. meridanensis, C. ochrus, C. oxybaphon (syn. C. polygonalis, C. platygaster, C. profundus, C. pinarensis), C. parrae, C. parvus, C. placentoides, C. planipetalum, C. reticulatus, C. rogersi (syn. C. douvillei, Scutella jonesi, C. marinanus), C. rosaceus, C. rotundus, C. saipanicus, C. sanchezi, C. speciosus, C. subdepressus, C. sunnilandensis, C. topilanus, C. virescens
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1801 | Clypeaster Lamarck p. 341 |
| 1915 | Clypeaster Clark and Twitchell p. 136 |
| 1920 | Clypeaster Kew p. 58 |
| 1937 | Clypeaster Jackson p. 230 |
| 1938 | Clypeaster Grant and Hertlein p. 42 |
| 1942 | Clypeaster Cooke p. 11 |
| 1955 | Clypeaster Durham p. 118 figs. Figs. 1, g, j; 15, a and b; 25; 26, a, n; 28, d |
| 1961 | Clypeaster Durham p. 481 |
| 1966 | Clypeaster Durham p. U462 |
| 1968 | Clypeaster Nisiyama p. 32 |
| 1994 | Clypeaster Ragaini p. 289 |
| 1997 | Clypeaster Kier p. 8 |
| 2002 | Clypeaster Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Clypeaster Donovan et al. p. 107 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Clypeaster Lamarck 1801
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Subg. †Clypeaster (Rhaphidoclypus) Agassiz 1863
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†Clypeaster (Rhaphidoclypus) armadilloensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Clypeaster abruptus Sanchez Roig 1926
†Clypeaster antillarum Cotteau 1875
†Clypeaster batheri Lambert 1915
†Clypeaster bowersi Weaver 1908
†Clypeaster butleri McNamara and Kendrick 1994
†Clypeaster carrizoensis Kew 1914
†Clypeaster caudatus Jackson 1922
†Clypeaster concavus Cotteau 1875
†Clypeaster cotteaui Egozcue 1897
†Clypeaster cubensis Cotteau 1875
†Clypeaster deserti Kew 1914
Clypeaster europacificus Clark 1914
†Clypeaster excentricum Agassiz 1816
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Invalid names: Asterostoma dickersoni Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Asterostoma irregularis Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Clypeaster gatuni Jackson 1917
†Clypeaster herrerae Lambert 1926
†Clypeaster humilis Leske 1778
†Clypeaster japonicus Döderlein 1885
†Clypeaster lanceolatus Cotteau 1897
†Clypeaster lopezriosi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Clypeaster maoadentroensis Kier 1992
†Clypeaster meridanensis Michelin 1850
Clypeaster ochrus Clark 1914
†Clypeaster oxybaphon Jackson 1922
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Invalid names: Clypeaster pinarensis Lambert and Sanchez-Roig 1949 [synonym], Clypeaster platygaster Jackson 1922 [synonym], Clypeaster polygonalis Sanchez-Roig 1949 [synonym], Clypeaster profundus Sanchez-Roig 1949 [synonym]
Clypeaster parrae Desmoulins 1835
†Clypeaster parvus Michelin 1861
†Clypeaster placentoides Jackson 1922
†Clypeaster planipetalum Cotteau 1897
†Clypeaster reticulatus Linnaeus 1758
†Clypeaster rogersi Morton 1834
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Invalid names: Clypeaster douvillei Stefanini 1911 [synonym], Clypeaster marinanus Jackson 1937 [synonym], Scutella jonesi Forbes 1845 [synonym]
Clypeaster rosaceus Linnaeus 1758
Clypeaster rotundus Agassiz 1863
†Clypeaster saipanicus Cooke 1957
†Clypeaster sanchezi Lambert 1924
Clypeaster speciosus Verrill 1870
†Clypeaster subdepressus Gray 1825
†Clypeaster sunnilandensis Kier 1963
†Clypeaster topilanus Jackson 1937
†Clypeaster virescens Döderlein 1885
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 41.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Collections (193 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bartonian | Turkey | C. profondus (40794) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Florida) | C. oxybaphon (3569) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Georgia) | C. sp. (57926) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Jordan (Al Azraq) | C. biarritzensis (121549) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Iran | C. biarritzensis, C. sp. (192044) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Cuba | C. armadilloensis (155855) C. lopezriosi (155854) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Florida) | C. cotteaui, C. rogersi (35013) C. rogersi (61123) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Oman (Dhofar) | C. sp. (175334) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Somalia | C. biarritzensis (78952) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Alabama) | C. rogersi (42155) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Jamaica | C. batheri, C. oxybaphon (7214) C. julii, C. batheri, C. oxybaphon (7215) C. oxybaphon (7216) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Georgia) | C. cotteaui (90567) | |
| Rupelian | Iran | C. sp. (111339) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Florida) | C. cotteaui (35014) C. oxybaphon (155953) C. rogersi (35015 57924 155948 155949 155950 155951 155952) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Alabama) | C. rogersi (89611 101116 155945 155946) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Mississippi) | C. rogersi (155947) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Georgia) | C. cotteaui (155942) | |
| Oligocene | Mexico (Veracruz) | C. marinanus, C. meridanensis, C. topilanus (204614) C. meridanensis (204613) | |
| Oligocene | Mexico (Tamaulipas) | C. topilanus (204615) | |
| Oligocene | Cuba | C. placentoides (91150) | |