PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Protacanthodiscus andreaei

Cephalopoda - Ammonitida - Himalayitidae

Taxonomy

Hoplites andreaei was named by Kilian (1889). It is the type species of Protacanthodiscus.

It was recombined as Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

P. quadripartitus, P. rhodanicus

Synonyms

Protacanthodiscus berriasensis was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Protacanthodiscus coronatus was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Protacanthodiscus darwini was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Protacanthodiscus nodusus was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Durangites singularis was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Durangites sutneroides was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Durangites gigantis was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).
Durangites apertus was named by Tavera (1985).

It was synonymized subjectively with Protacanthodiscus andreaei by Frau et al. (2015) and Frau et al. (2016).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1889	Hoplites andreaei Kilian p. 670 figs. Pl 32, figs 1a,b
1985	Durangites apertus Tavera p. 161 figs. Pl 18, figs 14, 15a,b; text-fig 12F
1985	Durangites gigantis Tavera p. 162 figs. Pl 18, figs 8,9; text-fig 12A,B
1985	Durangites singularis Tavera p. 168 figs. Pl 17, figs 6-9; text-fig 12E
1985	Durangites sutneroides Tavera p. 168 figs. Pl 18, figs 1,2,3,5
1985	Protacanthodiscus coronatus Tavera p. 200 figs. Pl 27, figs 1a,b; text-fig 15A
1985	Protacanthodiscus nodusus Tavera p. 202 figs. Pl 27, fig 2; text-fig 15C
1985	Protacanthodiscus darwini Tavera p. 203 figs. Pl 26, figs 3,4; text-fig 15B
1985	Protacanthodiscus berriasensis Tavera p. 206 figs. Pl 26, figs 1a,b; pl 28, figs 1a,b; text-fig 15D
2015	Protacanthodiscus andreaei Frau et al. p. 125 figs. 5A-L, 6A-E, 7A-C
2016	Protacanthodiscus andreaei Frau et al. p. 552 fig. 6A,C

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Ammonoidea	()
order	Ammonitida
suborder	Ammonitina	Hyatt 1889
superfamily	Perisphinctoidea	(Steinman 1890)
family	Himalayitidae	Spath 1925
subfamily	Himalayitinae	Spath 1925
genus	Protacanthodiscus
species	andreaei	(Kilian 1889)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Protacanthodiscus andreaei Kilian 1889

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Invalid names: Durangites apertus Tavera 1985 [synonym], Durangites gigantis Tavera 1985 [synonym], Durangites singularis Tavera 1985 [synonym], Durangites sutneroides Tavera 1985 [synonym], Protacanthodiscus berriasensis Tavera 1985 [synonym], Protacanthodiscus coronatus Tavera 1985 [synonym], Protacanthodiscus darwini Tavera 1985 [synonym], Protacanthodiscus nodusus Tavera 1985 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragoniteo

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Vision:

well-developedc

Created:

2005-01-28 02:27:03

Modified:

2009-10-08 14:14:55

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2003, Kiessling 2004

Age range: Late/Upper Tithonian or 150.80000 to 145.00000 Ma

Collections (9 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	France	Protacanthodiscus andreaei (174767 174768 174769 174771 183720 183721 183722)
Late/Upper Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	Colombia (Meta)	Protacanthodiscus andreaei (191971)
Late/Upper Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	Iraq (Zakho)	Protacanthodiscus andreaei (192419)