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Echinocardium

Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Loveniidae

Taxonomy
Echinocardium was named by Gray (1825) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Spatangidae by Clark (1904) and Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Echinocardiidae by Cooke (1942); to Loveniidae by Fischer (1966) and Henderson (1975); and to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Echinocardium Gray
1904Echinocardium Clark p. 430
1915Echinocardium Clark and Twitchell p. 213
1942Echinocardium Cooke p. 59
1966Echinocardium Fischer p. U613
1975Echinocardium Henderson p. 32
2002Echinocardium Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
RankNameAuthor
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderSpatangoida
suborderBrissidina
superfamilySpatangidea
familyLoveniidae
genusEchinocardiumGray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Echinocardium Gray 1825
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†Echinocardium deperessum Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Echinocardium orthonotum Conrad 1843
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Invalid names: Echinocardium ampliforus McCrady 1855 [synonym], Echinocardium gothicum Ravenel 1848 [synonym], Echinocardium virginianum Forbes 1845 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: slow-movingo
Life habit: shallow infaunalo
Diet: deposit feedero
Diet 2: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-28 12:18:10
Modified: 2009-10-08 16:32:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Chattian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 28.10000 to 0.78100 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.44 Ma

Collections (23 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Chattian - Aquitanian28.1 - 20.44USA (Florida) E. depressum (61120)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Switzerland E. deikei (72421 72423) E. deikei, E. sp. (72322)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Maryland) E. marylandiense (70830 155893)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (Florida) E. orthonotum, E. gothicum (35026)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (Virginia) E. orthonotum (155878 155883 155886 155887 155888 155889 155890 155891 155892)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) E. orthonotum (60940)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) E. kelloggi (52582)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Japan (Akita) E. cordatum (204465)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588USA (Florida) E. orthonotum (35027)
Piacenzian - Zanclean3.6 - 3.6Belgium E. cordatum (32146)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) E. orthonotum (35029)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (South Carolina) E. gothicus (92411)