PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Linthia

Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Schizasteridae

Taxonomy

Linthia was named by Desor (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno T Plio Sepkoski's reference number: 343,956].

It was reranked as Schizaster (Linthia) by Cooke (1942).

It was assigned to Spatangidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Spatangoidea by Nagao (1928); to Hemiasteridae by Grant and Hertlein (1938); to Schizaster by Cooke (1942); to Schizasteridae by Cooke (1959), Fischer (1966), Kier (1984) and Smith (1995); and to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species lacking formal opinion data

L. boreasteria, L. caraibensis, L. gaudryii, L. hollandi

Synonyms

Linthia cretacica was named by Sanchez Roig (1949).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kier (1984).
Linthia garciai was named by Sanchez Roig (1952).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kier (1984).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1853	Linthia Desor p. 278
1915	Linthia Clark and Twitchell p. 152
1928	Linthia Nagao p. 18
1938	Linthia Grant and Hertlein p. 124
1942	Schizaster (Linthia) Cooke p. 42
1949	Linthia cretacica Sanchez Roig
1952	Linthia garciai Sanchez Roig
1959	Linthia Cooke p. 69
1966	Linthia Fischer p. U576
1984	Linthia Kier p. 71
1995	Linthia Smith p. 236
2002	Linthia Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea	()
—	Carinacea
—	Irregularia	()
—	Atelostomata
order	Spatangoida
suborder	Paleopneustina
family	Schizasteridae	()
genus	Linthia	Desor 1853

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Linthia Desor 1853

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Subg. †Linthia (Linthia) Fischer 1966

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†Linthia (Linthia) harmatuki Kier 1980

Subg. †Linthia (Lutetiaster)

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†Linthia (Lutetiaster) cavernosa de Loriol 1880

†Linthia alabamensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

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Invalid names: Linthia maverickensis Gardner 1935 [synonym]

†Linthia avilensis Sanchez Roig 1949

†Linthia brodermanni Sanchez Roig 1949

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Invalid names: Linthia alta Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Linthia gonzalezmunozi Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym], Micraster elevatus Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]

†Linthia ghiroboensis Tessier and Roman 1973

†Linthia hanoverensis Kellum 1926

†Linthia houzeaui Cotteau 1878

†Linthia monteroae Kier 1984

†Linthia navillei de Loriol 1880

†Linthia praenipponica Nagao 1928

†Linthia prima Cooke 1942

†Linthia sanrafaelensis Israelsky 1923

†Linthia sudanensis Bather 1904

†Linthia variabilis Slocom 1909

†Linthia wilmingtonensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Schizaster (Linthia) ocalanus Cooke 1942

†Schizaster (Linthia) tumidulus Clark 1891

Invalid names: Linthia cretacica Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Linthia garciai Sanchez Roig 1952 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calciteo

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

shallow infaunalo

Diet:

deposit feedero

Diet 2:

detritivoreo

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-28 12:18:10

Modified:

2009-10-08 16:32:56

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Turonian to the top of the Pliocene or 93.90000 to 2.58800 Ma

Collections (105 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Egypt	L. roashensis (140954)
Campanian - Paleocene	83.6 - 56.0	Mali	L. sudanensis (202357 202360)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Oman	L. sp. (160973)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	L. variabilis (4109 4110)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Arkansas)	L. variabilis (78179)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	L. sp. (4476) L. variabilis (4503 4517 4520 142364)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	L. sp. (4168 4171) L. variabilis (4127 4133 4138 78195 142418 159913 159921 184985 197606 197607 197608)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (North Carolina)	L. variabilis (4363 197713)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	L. sp. (4173 4194 4200 4201 4213 4215 4229 4230 4231) L. variabilis (4216)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Netherlands (Limburg)	L. sp. (32170)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Georgia)	L. prima (155911) L. sp. (2832)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Arkansas)	L. alabamensis (91870)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Alabama)	L. alabamensis (2808 2837 2838 2858 155914)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Austria	L. houzeaui (47930)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Texas)	L. maverickensis (91825)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Niger	Hemiaster sudanensis (97596 209411)
Paleocene - Eocene	66.0 - 33.9	Mali	L. sudanensis (202363)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	Mali	L. sudanensis (114964 115411 193687)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	L. alabamensis (98432)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.6 - 56.0	Mali	Hemiaster sudanensis (83984) L. sudanensis (209421 209594 209595)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.6 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	L. alabamensis (155917)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Louisiana)	L. hollandi (101126)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (New Jersey)	L. tumidula (3113 124966)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (New Jersey)	Schizaster tumidulus (155898)
Casamayoran	56.0 - 48.0	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	L. gaudryii (50067)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France	L. gillioti, L. savini (59788)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Cote D'Ivoire	L. ghiroboensis (209341)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Niger (Tahoua)	L. sudanensis (75234)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	India	L. indica (42873)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Mexico (Chiapas)	L. caraibensis (85738)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Qatar	L. cavernosa (209101 209109) L. navillei (209103)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Spain (Alicante)	L. macphersoni (207104)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Libya	L. desioi, L. navillei (42123)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Haiti	L. cavernosa (60573)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (South Carolina)	L. wilmingtonensis, L. harmatuki, L. hanoverensis (5462)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	USA (North Carolina)	L. hanoverensis (41823)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (South Carolina)	L. harmatuki, L. hanoverensis (5344 5354 5474)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (North Carolina)	L. hanoverensis (5386 5387 60452) L. harmatuki (5384) L. wilmingtonensis (5376 5437 5457) L. wilmingtonensis, L. hanoverensis (5366 5383 5436) L. wilmingtonensis, L. harmatuki, L. hanoverensis (5367 5459)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Florida)	Schizaster ocalanus (3537)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Florida)	Schizaster ocalanus (61114)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	USA (North Carolina)	L. wilmingtonensis (142965)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Japan (Fukuoka)	L. praenipponica (203237)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Russian Federation (Sakhalin)	L. boreasteria (204461)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.03	Japan (Hokkaido)	L. yessoensis (204462)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Austria	L. summesbergeri (99160)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	Taiwan	L. taiwanensis (204460)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Japan (Hokuriku)	L. sp. (161492)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	Japan (Hokuriku)	L. sp. (161489)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Japan (Nagano)	L. nipponica (204464) L. tokunagai, L. nipponica (204463)