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Phalangida

Arachnida - Opiliones

Taxonomy
Phalangida was named by Bristowe (1949). It is extant.

It was assigned to Opiliones by Selden et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1949Phalangida Bristowe
2016Phalangida Selden et al. p. 133

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
—Deuteropoda
subphylumChelicerataHeymons 1901
—EuchelicerataWeygoldt and Paulus 1979
RankNameAuthor
—Prosomapoda
—Planaterga
—Dekatriata
—SclerophorataKamenz et al. 2011
classArachnidaLamarck 1801
—Stomothecata
orderOpilionesSundevall 1833
—PhalangidaBristowe 1949
—PhalangidaBristowe 1949

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Phalangida Bristowe 1949
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Fm. †Archaeometidae Petrunkevitch 1949
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G. †Archaeometa Pocock 1911
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†Archaeometa nephilina Pocock 1911
Subor. Dyspnoi Hansen and Sorensen 1904
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G. †Ameticos Garwood et al. 2011
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†Ameticos scolos Garwood et al. 2011
G. †Echinopustulus Dunlop 2004
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Fm. †Halithersidae Dunlop et al. 2016
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G. †Halitherses Giribet and Dunlop 2005
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†Halitherses grimaldii Giribet and Dunlop 2005
Superfm. Ischyropsalidoidea Simon 1879
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G. †Piankhi Dunlop et al. 2012
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†Piankhi steineri Dunlop et al. 2012
Fm. Sabaconidae Dresco 1970
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G. Sabacon Simon 1879
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†Sabacon claviger Menge 1854
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Invalid names: Sabacon bachofeni Roewer 1939 [synonym]
Superfm. Troguloidea Sundevall 1833
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Fm. †Eotrogulidae Petrunkevitch 1955
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G. †Eotrogulus Thevenin 1901
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†Eotrogulus fayoli Thevenin 1901
Fm. Nemastomatidae Simon 1879
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G. Histricostoma Kratochvil 1958
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†Histricostoma tuberculatum Koch and Berendt 1854
G. Mitostoma Roewer 1951
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†Mitostoma denticulatum Koch and Berendt 1854
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Invalid names: Nemastoma succineum Roewer 1939 [synonym]
†Mitostoma gruberi Dunlop and Mitov 2009
G. Nemastoma Koch 1836
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†Nemastoma incertum Koch and Berendt 1854
Fm. †Nemastomoididae Petrunkevitch 1955
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G. †Nemastomoides Thevenin 1901
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†Nemastomoides elaveris Thevenin 1901
†Nemastomoides longipes Petrunkevitch 1913
Invalid names: Protopilio Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym]
Fm. Trogulidae Sundevall 1833
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G. †Amphitrogulus Gourret 1887
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†Amphitrogulus sternalis Gourret 1887
G. Trogulus Latreille 1802
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†Trogulus longipes Haupt 1956
Subor. Eupnoi Hansen and Sorensen 1904
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G. †Brigantibunum Dunlop and Anderson 2005
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†Brigantibunum listoni Dunlop and Anderson 2005
Superfm. Caddoidea Banks 1893
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Fm. Caddidae Banks 1893
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Subfm. Caddinae Banks 1893
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G. Caddo Banks 1892
G. †Daohugopilio Huang et al. 2009
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†Daohugopilio sheari Huang et al. 2009
G. †Kustarachne Scudder 1890
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†Kustarachne tenuipes Scudder 1890
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Invalid names: Kustarachne conica Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym], Kustarachne exstincta Melander 1903 [synonym]
G. †Macrogyion Garwood et al. 2011
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†Macrogyion cronus Garwood et al. 2011
Superfm. Phalangioidea Latreille 1802
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G. †Petrunkevitchiana Mello-Leitao 1937
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†Petrunkevitchiana oculata Petrunkevitch 1922
Fm. Phalangiidae Latreille 1802
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G. Amilenus Martens 1969
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†Amilenus deltshevi Dunlop and Mitov 2009
G. Dicranopalpus Doleschall 1852
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†Dicranopalpus ramiger Koch and Berendt 1854
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Invalid names: Dicranopalpus palmickensis Roewer 1939 [synonym], Opilio corniger Menge 1854 [synonym]
G. Lacinius Thorell 1876
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†Lacinius bizleyi Mitov et al. 2015
Lacinius erinaceus Starega 1966
G. Leptobunus Banks 1893
G. Opilio Herbst 1798
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†Opilio ovalis Koch and Berendt 1854
G. †Phalangillum Gourret 1887
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†Phalangillum hirsutum Gourret 1887
G. †Stephanobunus Dunlop and Mammitzsch 2010
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†Stephanobunus mitovi Dunlop and Mammitzsch 2010
Fm. Sclerosomatidae Simon 1879
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G. †Amauropilio Mello-Leitao 1937
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†Amauropilio atavus Cockerell 1907
†Amauropilio lacoei Petrunkevitch 1922
G. Cosmobunus Simon 1879
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†Cosmobunus sagani Palencia et al. 2019
G. Leiobunum Koch 1839
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†Leiobunum longipes Menge 1854
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Invalid names: Leiobunum inclusum Roewer 1939 [synonym]
G. †Mesobunus Huang et al. 2009
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†Mesobunus dunlopi Giribet et al. 2012
†Mesobunus martensi Huang et al. 2009
G. †Tyrannobunus Bartel and Dunlop 2023
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†Tyrannobunus aculeus Bartel and Dunlop 2023
Subor. †Tetrophthalmi Garwood et al. 2014
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G. †Eophalangium Dunlop et al. 2004
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†Eophalangium sheari Dunlop et al. 2004
G. †Hastocularis Garwood et al. 2014
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†Hastocularis argus Garwood et al. 2014
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Grouping: solitaryc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Source: c = class
Reference: Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Orleanian or 409.10000 to 15.97000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 407.6 Ma

Collections (39 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pragian410.8 - 407.6United Kingdom (Scotland) Eophalangium sheari (153498)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany (Alken) Archaeometa devonica (27049)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Brigantibunum listoni (22725)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (Staffordshire) Archaeometa nephilina (34907)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (England) Archaeometa nephilina (125238)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5USA (Illinois) Kustarachne conica (146857) Kustarachne exstincta (122521) Kustarachne tenuipes (21981) Protopilio longipes (112630)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5USA (Missouri) Echinopustulus samuelnelsoni (152114)
Stephanian307.5 - 300.4France (Saône-et-Loire) Macrogyion cronus (236920)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9France Nemastomoides elaveris, Eotrogulus fayoli (121979)
Stephanian B301.5 - 301.0France Macrogyion cronus, Ameticos scolos, Hastocularis argus (122490)
Callovian - Oxfordian166.1 - 157.3China (Nei Mongol) Mesobunus dunlopi (113362) Mesobunus martensi, Daohugopilio sheari (113371)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar Halitherses grimaldii (111688 144466 184841) Halitherses grimaldii, Tyrannobunus aculeus (230561) Phalangiidae indet. 1, Phalangiidae indet. 2, Halitherses grimaldii (184692) Tyrannobunus aculeus (172900)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Trogulus longipes (114060)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Poland Caddo dentipalpus, Dicranopalpus ramiger, Histricostoma tuberculatum, Leiobunum longipes, Sabacon claviger (120813) Caddo dentipalpus, Dicranopalpus ramiger, Leiobunum longipes (110737) Leiobunum longipes (123215 153481) Nemastoma tuberculatum, Nemastoma denticulatum, Nemastoma incertum, Opilio ovalis, Opilio ramiger, Platybunus dentipalpus (109625) Nemastoma tuberculatum, Nemastoma denticulatum, Nemastoma incertum, Opilio ramiger, Platybunus dentipalpus, Leiobunum longipes, Nemastoma clavigerum, Opilio corniger (120811)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Dicranopalpus sp., Dicranopalpus palmickensis, Leiobunum inclusum, Nemastoma succineum, Sabacon bachofeni (123870) Opilio ovalis (123927) Piankhi steineri, Lacinius bizleyi (147612) Stephanobunus mitovi (123493 124318)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Halle) Caddo dentipalpus, Dicranopalpus ramiger, Histricostoma tuberculatum, Leiobunum longipes, Mitostoma gruberi, Amilenus deltshevi, Lacinius erinaceus (129227)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Leptobunus atavus (106381) Phalangium lacoei (124624) Phalangium oculatum (106384)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Amphitrogulus sternalis, Phalangillum hirsutum (122487)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Spain Cosmobunus sagani (122985)