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Dendroidea

Pterobranchia - Dendroidea

Taxonomy
Dendroidea was named by Nicholson (1872). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Graptolithina by Bulman (1970); to Graptolithina by Sepkoski (2002); and to Graptolithina by Maletz (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1872Dendroidea Nicholson
1970Dendroidea Bulman p. V25
2002Dendroidea Sepkoski
2014Dendroidea Maletz p. 493

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
RankNameAuthor
phylumHemichordataBateson 1885
classPterobranchiaLankester 1877
subclassGraptolithina(Bronn 1849)
orderDendroideaNicholson 1872
orderDendroideaNicholson 1872

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Dendroidea Nicholson 1872
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Fm. †Acanthograptidae Bulman 1938
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†Acanthograptus sinensis Hsü 1948
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†Callograptus elegans Hall 1865
†Callograptus praesalteri Rickards et al. 1990
Invalid names: Odontocaulis Lapworth 1881 [synonym]
G. †Dictyonema Hall 1851
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†Dictyonema pulchellum Hall 1899
†Dictyonema ramosissimum Ruedemann 1947
†Dictyonema splendens Billings 1874
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Invalid names: Archaeodictyota [synonym]
G. †Palaeodictyota Whtifield 1902
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†Palaeodictyota ramulosa Whtifield 1902
G. †Thallograptus Ruedemann 1925
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†Thallograptus succulentus Ruedemann 1904
G. †Aretograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1962
Fm. †Dendrograptidae Roemer 1897
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G. †Airograptus Ruedemann 1916
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†Aspidograptus implicatus Hopkinson 1875
†Aspidograptus smithtonensis Rickards et al. 1990
Invalid names: Clematograptus Hopkinson 1875 [replaced]
G. †Dendrograptus Hall 1858
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†Dendrograptus kindlei Ruedemann 1933
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†Desmograptus cancellatus Hopkinson 1875
†Desmograptus quiltyi Rickards et al. 1990
Invalid names: Rhizograptus Spencer 1878 [synonym]
G. †Polygonograptus Boucek 1957
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†Polygonograptus mellaensis Rickards et al. 1990
Invalid names: Chaunograptidae Bulman 1955 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: "sclero-protein"c
Locomotion: stationaryo
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 15:06:41
Modified: 2009-04-11 14:26:56
Source: o = order, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the St Davids to the top of the Holkerian or 509.00000 to 340.00000 Ma

Collections (278 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Alaska) Callograptus sp., Dictyonema sp. (114979) Dendrograptus sp. (114981)
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Montana) Acanthograptus sp., Dendrograptus sp. (258)
Delamaran511.2 - 506.5Canada (British Columbia) Chaunograptus scandens (84426 84428 84430 84431)
St Davids509.0 - 497.0Canada (British Columbia) Chaunograptus sp. (215)
Mayan504.5 - 499.5Russian Federation (Gorniy Altay) Aspidograptus sp. (10174)
Guzhangian500.5 - 497.0Canada (Newfoundland) Dendrograptus kindlei (198257)
Idamean497.0 - 494.0Australia (Tasmania) Palaeodictyota sp., Thallograptus sp., Polygonograptus mellaensis, Callograptus praesalteri, Desmograptus quiltyi, Aspidograptus smithtonensis, Dictyonema ramosissimum, Dendrograptus hallianus (204525)
Furongian497.0 - 485.4China (Guangxi) Callograptus sp., Dendrograptus sp., Dictyonema sp. (116360)
Merioneth497.0 - 485.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Callograptus sp., Dendrograptus sp., Dictyonema sp. (25606) Dendrograptus sp. (25629 25630) Dendrograptus sp., Desmograptus sp. (25755) Dictyonema sp. (25595)
Furongian - Tremadoc497.0 - 477.7Poland Dictyonema sp. (72274)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (Yukon) Dendroidea indet. (607)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9Czech Republic Dendrograptus sp., Desmograptus sp., Dictyonema pragense, Dictyonema goepperti, Dictyonema sp. (12144)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Czech Republic (Barrandia) Dictyonema sp. (12252)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany Ophigraptus hercyniae (145665)
Eifelian - Givetian393.3 - 382.7Czech Republic (Barrandia) Desmograptus prantli, Dictyonema sp., Thallograptus jahni (12258)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Dictyonema hamiltoniae (5668)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany Dictyonema sp. A, Dictyonema sp. B, Dictyonema sp. C, Dictyonema sp. D (66898)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Germany Palaeodictyota montana (145664)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Colombia (Boyaca) Acanthograptus sp. (36012)
Arundian - Holkerian346.7 - 340.0Ireland Callograptus sp. (76517)