PBDB Taxon

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Toxodontidae

Mammalia - Notoungulata - Toxodontidae

Taxonomy

Toxodontidae was named by Ameghino (1889). Its type is Toxodontinae. It was considered monophyletic by Martínez et al. (2020).

It was assigned to Toxodonta by Simpson (1934) and Paula Couto (1956); to Notoungulata by MacFadden et al. (1993); to Eutoxodontia by Martínez et al. (2020); and to Toxodontia by Ameghino (1887), Ameghino (1889), Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Lydekker (1894), Ameghino (1907), Gregory (1910), Carroll (1988), Billet (2011), Deraco and GarcÍa-López (2016) and Silva Lacerda et al. (2020).

Synonyms

Morphippus corrugatus was named by Ameghino (1899).

It was considered a nomen dubium by López et al. (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1887	Toxodontidae Ameghino p. 30
1889	Toxodontidae Ameghino p. 375
1889	Toxodontidae Cope p. 876
1891	Toxodontidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1894	Toxodontidae Lydekker p. 12
1899	Morphippus corrugatus Ameghino
1907	Toxodontidae Ameghino p. 90
1910	Toxodontidae Gregory p. 466
1934	Toxodontidae Simpson
1956	Toxodontidae Paula Couto p. 102
1988	Toxodontidae Carroll
1993	Toxodontidae MacFadden et al. p. 235
2011	Toxodontidae Billet
2016	Toxodontidae Deraco and GarcÍa-López
2020	Toxodontidae Martínez et al.
2020	Toxodontidae Silva Lacerda et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
—	Paenungulatomorpha
—	Paenungulata	Simpson 1945
—	Sudamericungulata
order	Notoungulata
suborder	Toxodontia	Ameghino 1887
—	Eutoxodontia
family	Toxodontidae
family	Toxodontidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Toxodontidae Ameghino 1889

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G. †Alitoxodon Rovereto 1914

†Alitoxodon vetustus Rovereto 1914

G. †Charruatoxodon Ferrero et al. 2022

†Charruatoxodon uruguayensis Ferrero et al. 2022

G. †Dilobodon Ameghino 1882

Invalid names: Dilobodon lujanensis Ameghino 1886 [nomen dubium], Dilobodon lutarius Ameghino 1886 [nomen dubium]

Subfm. †Dinotoxodontinae Madden 1997

G. †Dinotoxodon Mecerat 1895

†Dinotoxodon paranensis Burmeister 1885

Invalid names: Palaeotoxodon paranensis Laurillard 1842 [synonym]

G. †Gyrinodon Hopwood 1928

†Gyrinodon quassus Hopwood 1928

G. †Pericotoxodon Madden 1997

†Pericotoxodon platignathus Madden 1997

G. †Hemixotodon Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

†Hemixotodon chasicoensis Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

G. †Hyperoxotodon Mercerat 1895

†Hyperoxotodon speciosus Ameghino 1887

G. †Mixotoxodon Van Frank 1957

†Mixotoxodon larensis Van Frank 1957

G. †Nesodonopsis Roth 1898

†Nesodonopsis burckhardti Roth 1898

†Nesodonopsis deformis Roth 1898

†Nesodonopsis speciosus Roth 1898

Subfm. †Nesodontinae Murray 1866

G. †Adinotherium Ameghino 1887

†Adinotherium corriguenense Ameghino 1907

†Adinotherium haplodontoides Ameghino 1891

†Adinotherium karaikense Ameghino 1891

†Adinotherium nitidum Ameghino 1887

†Adinotherium ovinum Owen 1846

Invalid names: Acrotherium kobyi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Acrotherium mutabile Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adinotherium ferum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adinotherium magister Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adinotherium proximum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adinotherium robustum Ameghino 1891 [synonym]

†Adinotherium splendidum Ameghino 1887

Invalid names: Adinotherium antiquum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adinotherium koby Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adinotherium pulchrum Mercerat 1891 [synonym]

G. †Berroia Kraglievich 1931

G. †Gronotherium Ameghino 1887

Invalid names: Protoxodon Ameghino 1887 [synonym]

G. †Nesodon Owen 1846

†Nesodon andium Ameghino 1891

†Nesodon brachycephalus Ameghino 1894

†Nesodon cavifrons Ameghino 1894

†Nesodon imbricatus Owen 1846

Invalid names: Acrotherium intermedium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Acrotherium variegatum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium ligatum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adelphotherium lutarium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium pumilum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium repandum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium rothi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium trivium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Gronotherium decrepitum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesodon conspurcatus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Nesodon cornutus Scott 1912 [synonym], Nesodon marmoratus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Nesodon oweni Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesodon typicus Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium argentinum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium nehringi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium rufum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium studeri Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Protoxodon clemens Fernández and Muñoz 2019 [synonym], Protoxodon henseli Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Protoxodon obliteratus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Protoxodon speciosus Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Protoxodon sullivani Owen 1846 [synonym], Scophotherium cyclops Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Toxodon patagonensis Ameghino 1887 [synonym]

†Nesodon limitatum Mercerat 1891

†Nesodon taweretus Forasiepi et al. 2015

Invalid names: Acrotherium Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adelphotherium Ameghino 1887 [synonym]

G. †Phobereotherium Ameghino 1887

†Phobereotherium silvaticum Mercerat 1891

G. †Probereotherium Ameghino 1887

†Probereotherium silvaticum Ameghino 1887

G. †Pronesodon

†Pronesodon cristatus Ameghino 1894

†Pronesodon robustus Ameghino 1894

†Pronesodon vates Ameghino 1902

G. †Rhadinotherium Ameghino 1887

G. †Senodon

†Senodon platyarthrus Ameghino 1894

G. †Xotoprodon Ameghino 1891

†Xotoprodon maximus Ameghino 1891

†Xotoprodon solidus Ameghino 1891

G. †Ocnerotherium Pascual 1954

†Ocnerotherium intermedium Pascual 1954

G. †Oriadubitherium

G. †Palaeotoxodon Ameghino 1904

Invalid names: Palaeotoxodon protoburmeisteri Ameghino 1887 [nomen dubium]

G. †Palyeidodon Roth 1898

†Palyeidodon obtusum Roth 1898

G. †Paratrigodon Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

†Paratrigodon euguii Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

G. †Pisanodon Zetti 1972

†Pisanodon nazari Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931

Invalid names: Palaeotoxodon nazari Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931 [objective synonym]

G. †Posnanskytherium Liendo Lazarte 1943

†Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi Liendo Lazarte 1943

†Posnanskytherium inchasense Anaya and MacFadden 1995

†Posnanskytherium viscachanense Saint-André 1999

G. †Proadinotherium Ameghino 1894

†Proadinotherium angustidens Ameghino 1897

†Proadinotherium leptognathum Ameghino 1894

†Proadinotherium muensteri Ameghino 1902

†Proadinotherium saltoni Shockey and Anaya 2008

G. †Prototrigodon Kraglievich 1930

†Prototrigodon rothi Kraglievich 1930

G. †Stenotephanos Ameghino 1886

†Stenotephanos plicidens Ameghino 1885

Invalid names: Eutomodus elautus Ameghino 1886 [synonym], Palaeotoxodon virgatus Ameghino 1886 [synonym]

†Stenotephanos speciosus Ameghino 1887

G. †Toxodon Owen 1837

†Toxodon antiquus Moreno 1888

†Toxodon bilobidens Ameghino 1887

†Toxodon chapalmalensis Ameghino 1908

†Toxodon darwinii Burmeister 1866

†Toxodon excavatus Rovereto 1914

†Toxodon expansidens Cope 1885

†Toxodon gezi Ameghino 1917

†Toxodon giganteus Moreno 1888

†Toxodon gracilis Gervais and Ameghino 1880

†Toxodon platensis Owen 1837

Invalid names: Toxodon angustidens Owen 1846 [synonym], Toxodon burmeisteri Giebel 1866 [synonym], Toxodon ensenadensis Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Toxodon gervaisii Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Toxodon paradoxus Ameghino 1882 [synonym]

†Toxodon protoburmeisteri Ameghino 1887

†Toxodon virgatus Ameghino 1886

Subfm. †Toxodontinae Owen 1837

G. †Andinotoxodon Madden 1997

G. †Calchaquitherium Nasif et al. 2000

†Calchaquitherium mixtum Nasif et al. 2000

G. †Eutomodus Ameghino 1889

Invalid names: Tomodus Ameghino 1886 [synonym]

G. †Falcontoxodon Carrillo et al. 2018

†Falcontoxodon aguilerai Carrillo et al. 2018

G. †Hoffstetterius Saint-André 1993

†Hoffstetterius imperator Saint-André 1993

G. †Mesenodon Paula Couto 1982

G. †Minitoxodon Paula Couto 1982

G. †Neotoxodon Paula Couto 1982

G. †Nonotherium Castellanos 1942

†Nonotherium hennigi Castellanos 1942

G. †Piauhytherium Guérin and Faure 2013

†Piauhytherium capivarae Guérin and Faure 2013

G. †Xotodon Ameghino 1887

†Xotodon ambrosettii Rovereto 1914

†Xotodon caravela Armella et al. 2018

†Xotodon catamarcensis Lydekker 1894

†Xotodon cristatus Moreno and Mercerat 1891

†Xotodon doellojuradoi Frenguelli 1920

†Xotodon foricurvatus Ameghino 1885

Invalid names: Toxodon parvulus Burmeister 1885 [synonym]

†Xotodon maimarensis Bonini et al. 2017

†Xotodon major Rovereto 1914

†Xotodon prominens Ameghino 1889

†Xotodon smaltatus Kraglievich 1932

Invalid names: Morphippus corrugatus Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available