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Dicynodontoidea
Taxonomy
Dicynodontoidea was named by Cluver and King (1983). It is not extant. Its type is Kunpania.
It was assigned to Dicynodontida by Ivakhnenko (2003); to Bidentalia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009) and Kammerer et al. (2011); to Anomodontia by Rozefelds et al. (2011); to Dicynodontia by Hancox et al. (2013) and Liu (2020); and to Dicynodontia by Liu (2021).
It was assigned to Dicynodontida by Ivakhnenko (2003); to Bidentalia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009) and Kammerer et al. (2011); to Anomodontia by Rozefelds et al. (2011); to Dicynodontia by Hancox et al. (2013) and Liu (2020); and to Dicynodontia by Liu (2021).
Subtaxa
Basilodon, Counillonia, Daptocephalus, Delectosaurus, Dicynodon (syn. Eurycarpus), Dicynodon incisivum, Dicynodon ingens, Dicynodon luckhoffi, Dicynodon testudiceps, Dicynodon venteri, Dinanomodon, Gordonia, Jimusaria, Kannemeyeria, Kunpania (type genus), Lystrosauridae, Peramodon, Platypodosaurus, Sintocephalus, Syops, Taoheodon, Turfanodon, Vivaxosaurus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1845 | Dicynodon testudiceps Owen |
1859 | Dicynodon testudiceps Owen p. 143 |
1860 | Dicynodon testudiceps Owen p. 237 |
1869 | Dicynodon testudiceps Seeley p. 136 |
1880 | Platypodosaurus Owen p. 159 |
1907 | Dicynodon ingens Broom |
1913 | Dicynodon ingens Broom |
1913 | Dicynodon testudiceps Broom |
1923 | Dicynodon incisivum Repelin |
1934 | Daptocephalus ingens Van Hoepen |
1934 | Lystrosaurus incisivum Yuan and Young |
1935 | Dicynodon venteri Broom |
1937 | Dicynodon luckhoffi Broom p. 306 fig. 6 |
1981 | Dicynodon testudiceps Cluver and Hotton |
1983 | Dicynodontoidea Cluver and King |
1988 | Dicynodon ingens King |
1988 | Dicynodon testudiceps King |
2003 | Dicynodontoidea Ivakhnenko |
2009 | Dicynodontoidea Kammerer and Angielczyk |
2011 | Dicynodontoidea Kammerer et al. |
2011 | Dicynodontoidea Rozefelds et al. |
2013 | Dicynodontoidea Hancox et al. p. 656 |
2020 | Dicynodontoidea Liu |
2021 | Dicynodontoidea Liu |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Dicynodontoidea Cluver and King 1983
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G. †Basilodon Kammerer et al. 2011
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†Basilodon woodwardi Broom 1913
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Invalid names: Dicynodon calverleyi Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon microdon Broom 1936 [synonym], Dicynodon weatherbyi Broom 1941 [synonym]
G. †Daptocephalus van Hoepen 1934
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†Daptocephalus huenei Haughton 1932
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Invalid names: Dicynodon broilii Boonstra 1948 [objective synonym]
†Daptocephalus leoniceps Owen
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Invalid names: Daptocephalus osborni Broom 1921 [synonym], Daptocephalus watsoni Broom 1921 [synonym], Dicynodon daptocephaloides Toerien 1955 [synonym], Dicynodon leontocephalus Broom 1950 [synonym], Dicynodon leontops Broom 1913 [synonym], Dicynodon lissops Broom 1913 [synonym]
G. †Delectosaurus Kurkin 2001
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†Delectosaurus arefjevi Kurkin 2001
†Delectosaurus berezhanensis Kurkin 2001
G. †Dicynodon Owen 1845
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†Dicynodon angielczyki Kammerer 2019
†Dicynodon hartzenbergi Broom 1940
†Dicynodon lacerticeps Owen 1845
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Invalid names: Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym]
†Dicynodon lacerticeps Owen 1845
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Invalid names: Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym]
†Dicynodon pachyrhynchus Jaekel 1911
Invalid names: Dicynodon cordylus Seeley 1888 [nomen dubium], Eurycarpus Seeley 1889 [synonym], Kingoria grahami Broom 1940 [nomen dubium]
G. †Dinanomodon Broom 1938
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†Dinanomodon gilli Broom 1932
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Invalid names: Dicynodon anneae Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon galecephalus Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon macrodon Broom 1940 [synonym], Dinanomodon gigas Broom 1940 [synonym], Dinanomodon rubidgei Broom 1938 [synonym]
G. †Gordonia Newton 1893
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†Gordonia traquairi Newton 1893
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Invalid names: Gordonia duffiana Newton 1893 [synonym], Gordonia huxleyana Newton 1893 [synonym], Gordonia juddiana Newton 1893 [synonym]
G. †Jimusaria Sun 1963
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†Jimusaria monanensis Shi and Liu 2023
†Jimusaria sinkianensis Yuan and Young 1934
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Invalid names: Dicynodon taoshuyuanensis Sun 1973 [synonym]
G. †Kannemeyeria Seeley 1908
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†Kannemeyeria aganosteus Kammerer and Ordoñez 2021
†Kannemeyeria lophorhinus Renaut et al. 2003
†Kannemeyeria simocephala Weithofer 1888
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Invalid names: Kannemeyeria latifrons Broom 1899 [synonym], Kannemeyeria wilsoni Broom 1937 [objective synonym], Sagecephalus pachyrhynchus Jaekel 1911 [synonym]
Fm. †Lystrosauridae Broom 1903
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G. †Lystrosaurus Cope 1870
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†Lystrosaurus broomi Young 1939
†Lystrosaurus curvatus Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Lystrosaurus andersoni Broom [synonym], Lystrosaurus jorisseni Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus oviceps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Lystrosaurus platyceps Seeley 1898 [synonym], Lystrosaurus theileri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus wageri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus declivis Brink 1951
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Invalid names: Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) latirostris Owen 1860 [synonym], Lystrosaurus primitivus Toerien 1954 [synonym], Lystrosaurus wagneri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Ptychognathus alfredi Owen 1862 [synonym], Ptychognathus declivis Owen 1860 [objective synonym], Ptychognathus depressus Owen 1876 [synonym], Ptychosiagum declivis Lydekker 1890 [objective synonym]
†Lystrosaurus georgi Kalandadze 1975
†Lystrosaurus hedini Young 1935
†Lystrosaurus maccaigi Seeley 1898
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Invalid names: Lystrosaurus amphibius Brink 1951 [synonym], Lystrosaurus putterilli Van Hoepen 1915 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus murrayi Huxley 1859
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Invalid names: Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) verticalis Owen 1860 [synonym], Dicynodon copei Seeley 1889 [synonym], Dicynodon orientalis Huxley 1865 [synonym], Lystrosaurus bothai Broom 1941 [synonym], Lystrosaurus breyeri Van Hoepen 1915 [synonym], Lystrosaurus frontosus Cope 1870 [synonym], Lystrosaurus jeppei Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus rajurkari Tripathi and Satsangi 1963 [synonym], Lystrosaurus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Prolystrosaurus natalensis Haughton 1917 [synonym], Ptychognathus boopis Owen 1876 [synonym], Ptychosiagum murrayi Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus shichanggouensis Cheng 1986
†Lystrosaurus youngi Sun 1964
Invalid names: Dicynodon seeleyi Broili 1908 [nomen dubium], Lystrosaurus weidenreichi Young 1939 [nomen dubium], Prolystrosaurus Haughton 1917 [synonym], Prolystrosaurus strigops Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Ptychosiagum Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
G. †Syops Kammerer et al. 2011
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G. †Turfanodon Sun 1973
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†Turfanodon bogdaensis Sun 1973
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Invalid names: Dicynodon sunanensis Li et al. 2000 [synonym], Striodon magnus Sun 1978 [synonym]
†Turfanodon jiufengensis Liu 2021
G. †Vivaxosaurus Kalandadze and Kurkin 2000
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†Vivaxosaurus trautscholdi Amalitzky 1922
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Invalid names: Gordonia annae Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Gordonia rossica Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Oudenodon venyukovi Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Vivaxosaurus permirus Kalandadze and Kurkin 2000 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicynodon incisivum Repelin 1923 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon ingens Broom 1907 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon luckhoffi Broom 1937 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon testudiceps Owen 1845 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon venteri Broom 1935 [nomen dubium], Platypodosaurus Owen 1880 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009 | The autapomorphies of Dicynodontoidea recognized in common by Angielczyk (2007), Fröbisch (2007), and Fröbisch & Reisz (2008) are: 1) labial fossa present; (2) palatal surface of the palatine moderately rugose with pitting suggesting a keratinized covering and flush with the secondary palate. |