PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Procynosuchus

Procynosuchidae

Taxonomy

Procynosuchus was named by Broom (1937). It is not extant. Its type is Procynosuchus delaharpeae.

It was assigned to Procynosuchidae by Hopson and Kitching (1972) and Carroll (1988); and to Cynodontia by Gauthier et al. (1989).

Species

P. delaharpeae (syn. Paracynosuchus rubidgei, Mygalesaurus platyceps, Parathrinaxodon proops, Aelurodraco microps, Scalopocynodon gracilis, Galecranium liorhynchus, Leavachia duvenhagei, Leavachia gracilis, P. rubidgei, Cyrbasiodon boycei, Galeophrys kitchingi, Silphedestes polyodon, Nanictosuchus melinodon, Silphedocynodon gymnotemporalis, Protocynodon pricei) (type species), P. vladimirense

Synonyms

Paracynosuchus was named by Broom (1940). Its type is Paracynosuchus rubidgei.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Nanictosuchus was named by Broom (1940).

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Cyrbasiodon was named by Broom (1931). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972) and Battail (1991).

It was assigned to Procynosuchidae by Mendrez (1972) and Tatarinov (2008).
Mygalesaurus was named by Broom (1942). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Aelurodraco was named by Broom and Robinson (1948). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Leavachia was named by Broom (1948). Its type is Leavachia duvenhagei.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).

It was assigned to Cynodontia by Broom (1948).
Galeophrys was named by Broom (1948). Its type is Galeophrys kitchingi.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).

It was assigned to Cynodontia by Broom (1948).
Galecranium was named by Broom (1948).

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).

It was assigned to Cynodontia by Broom (1948).
Silphedestes was named by Broom (1949). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Protocynodon was named by Broom (1949). It is not extant. Its type is Protocynodon pricei.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Silphedocynodon was named by Brink (1951). Its type is Silphedocynodon gymnotemporalis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Scalopocynodon was named by Brink (1961). It is not extant. Its type is Scalopocynodon gracilis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Hopson and Kitching (1972).
Parathrinaxodon was named by Parrington (1936). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Procynosuchus by Abdala and Allison (2005).

It was assigned to Procynosuchidae by Hopson and Kitching (1972) and Carroll (1988).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1931	Cyrbasiodon Broom
1936	Parathrinaxodon Parrington
1937	Procynosuchus Broom p. 314 fig. 14
1940	Paracynosuchus Broom p. 73
1940	Nanictosuchus Broom p. 85
1942	Mygalesaurus Broom
1948	Galecranium Broom
1948	Galeophrys Broom
1948	Leavachia Broom
1948	Aelurodraco Broom and Robinson
1949	Protocynodon Broom
1949	Silphedestes Broom
1951	Silphedocynodon Brink
1961	Scalopocynodon Brink
1972	Parathrinaxodon Hopson and Kitching
1972	Procynosuchus Hopson and Kitching
1972	Cyrbasiodon Mendrez
1988	Parathrinaxodon Carroll
1988	Procynosuchus Carroll
1989	Procynosuchus Gauthier et al. p. 342
2008	Cyrbasiodon Tatarinov

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
family	Procynosuchidae	Broom 1937
genus	Procynosuchus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Procynosuchus Broom 1937

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†Procynosuchus delaharpeae Broom 1937

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Invalid names: Aelurodraco microps Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym], Cyrbasiodon boycei Broom 1931 [synonym], Galecranium liorhynchus Broom 1948 [synonym], Galeophrys kitchingi Broom 1948 [synonym], Leavachia duvenhagei Broom 1948 [synonym], Leavachia gracilis Brink and Kitching 1951 [synonym], Mygalesaurus platyceps Broom 1942 [synonym], Nanictosuchus melinodon Broom 1940 [synonym], Paracynosuchus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Parathrinaxodon proops Parrington 1936 [synonym], Procynosuchus rubidgei Broom 1938 [synonym], Protocynodon pricei Broom 1949 [synonym], Scalopocynodon gracilis Brink 1961 [synonym], Silphedestes polyodon Broom 1949 [synonym], Silphedocynodon gymnotemporalis Brink 1951 [synonym]

†Procynosuchus vladimirense Tatarinov 2004

Invalid names: Aelurodraco Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym], Cyrbasiodon Broom 1931 [synonym], Galecranium Broom 1948 [synonym], Galeophrys Broom 1948 [synonym], Leavachia Broom 1948 [synonym], Mygalesaurus Broom 1942 [synonym], Nanictosuchus Broom 1940 [synonym], Paracynosuchus Broom 1940 [synonym], Parathrinaxodon Parrington 1936 [synonym], Protocynodon Broom 1949 [synonym], Scalopocynodon Brink 1961 [synonym], Silphedestes Broom 1949 [synonym], Silphedocynodon Brink 1951 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Modified:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Olenekian or 259.90000 to 247.20000 Ma

Collections (24 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian	264.28 - 257.4	Russian Federation (Vladimir)	Cyrbasiodon vladimirense (93026)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Scalopocynodon gracilis (181803)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Germany (Hesse)	P. sp. (84836)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Northern Cape)	P. delaharpeae (190568)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Tanzania (Ruvuma)	P. delaharpae (181520) P. delaharpeae, Parathrinaxodon proops (135698)
Lopingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa	Protocynodon pricei (190137)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)	Cyrbasiodon boycei (181797)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Leavachia duvenhagei (80216 171146) Mygalesaurus platyceps (178864) Nanictosuchus melinodon (176330) P. delaharpeae (80219 114905 174663 181802) P. rubidgei, Galeophrys kitchingi, Galecranium liorhynchus (80225) Protocynodon pricei (174741) Silphedocynodon gymnotemporalis (89863)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Aelurodraco microps, Silphedestes polyodon (174623) Leavachia duvenhagei (181812) Leavachia gracilis (181811)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Paracynosuchus rubidgei (80223)
Induan - Olenekian	252.17 - 247.2	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	P. rubidgei (105610)