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Ptychodus
Taxonomy
Ptychodus was named by Agassiz (1834) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi-u K Camp Sepkoski's reference number: 884. This author and date are according to Giusberti et al. 2018, PBDB ref. 76687.]. Its type is Ptychodus schlottheimii.
It was assigned to Cestraciontidae by Leidy (1873); to Myliobatidae by Woodward (1889); to Heterodontiformes by Itoigawa (1977); to Ctenacanthida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ptychodontidae by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963), Applegate (1970), Uyeno (1972), Herman (1977), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case et al. (1990), Shimada (1996), Cappetta and Case (1999), Cicimurri (2003), Niedźwiedzki and Kalina (2003), Everhart and Darnell (2004), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Shimada et al. (2009), Bourdon et al. (2011), Guinot et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Bice and Shimada (2016), Giusberti et al. (2018), Amadori et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020) and Maisch et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Cestraciontidae by Leidy (1873); to Myliobatidae by Woodward (1889); to Heterodontiformes by Itoigawa (1977); to Ctenacanthida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ptychodontidae by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963), Applegate (1970), Uyeno (1972), Herman (1977), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case et al. (1990), Shimada (1996), Cappetta and Case (1999), Cicimurri (2003), Niedźwiedzki and Kalina (2003), Everhart and Darnell (2004), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Shimada et al. (2009), Bourdon et al. (2011), Guinot et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Bice and Shimada (2016), Giusberti et al. (2018), Amadori et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020) and Maisch et al. (2021).
Species
Buffonites, P. altior, P. anonymus, P. arcuatus, P. articulatus, P. belluccii, P. concentricus, P. decurrens (syn. P. oweni, P. multistriatus, P. depressus), P. elevatus, P. gibberulus, P. latissimus, P. mahakalensis, P. mammillaris, P. marginalis, P. martini (syn. P. connellyi), P. mortoni, P. occidentalis, P. papillosus, P. parvulus, P. paucisulcatus, P. pauli, P. polygyrus, P. rhombodus, P. rugosus, P. schlottheimii (type species), P. spectabilis, P. whipplei
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1829 | Buffonites Sternberg |
1834 | Ptychodus Agassiz p. 69 |
1873 | Ptychodus Leidy p. 352 |
1889 | Ptychodus Woodward p. 132 |
1902 | Ptychodus Hay p. 317 |
1963 | Ptychodus Jordan p. 605 |
1970 | Ptychodus Applegate p. 393 |
1972 | Ptychodus Uyeno p. 223 |
1977 | Ptychodus Herman p. 46 |
1977 | Ptychodus Itoigawa p. 126 |
1981 | Ptychodus Thurmond and Jones p. 41 |
1990 | Ptychodus Case et al. p. 1084 |
1996 | Ptychodus Shimada p. 6 |
1999 | Ptychodus Cappetta and Case p. 9 |
2002 | Ptychodus Sepkoski |
2003 | Ptychodus Cicimurri pp. 5-7 figs. 4, A-K |
2003 | Ptychodus Niedźwiedzki and Kalina pp. 16-21 figs. figs.3 & 5(1) |
2004 | Ptychodus Everhart and Darnell p. 127 |
2006 | Ptychodus Shimada p. 165 |
2006 | Ptychodus Shimada et al. p. 6 |
2007 | Ptychodus Cahuzac et al. p. 11 |
2008 | Ptychodus Shimada and Martin p. 89 |
2009 | Ptychodus Shimada et al. p. 336 |
2011 | Ptychodus Bourdon et al. p. 6 |
2013 | Ptychodus Guinot et al. p. 593 |
2014 | Ptychodus Cicimurri et al. p. 11 figs. 7N-P |
2016 | Ptychodus Bice and Shimada p. 174 |
2018 | Ptychodus Giusberti et al. p. 251 |
2019 | Ptychodus Amadori et al. p. 230 |
2020 | Ptychodus Amalfitano et al. p. 267 |
2021 | Ptychodus Maisch et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Ptychodus Agassiz 1834
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†Ptychodus altior Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus anonymus Williston 1900
†Ptychodus arcuatus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus articulatus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus belluccii Bonarelli 1899
†Ptychodus concentricus Agassiz 1839
†Ptychodus decurrens Agassiz 1838
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Invalid names: Ptychodus depressus Dixon 1850 [synonym], Ptychodus multistriatus Woodward 1889 [synonym], Ptychodus oweni Dixon 1850 [synonym]
†Ptychodus elevatus Leriche 1929
†Ptychodus gibberulus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus latissimus Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus mahakalensis Chiplonkar and Ghare 1977
†Ptychodus mammillaris Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus marginalis Agassiz 1839
†Ptychodus martini Williston 1900
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Invalid names: Ptychodus connellyi MacLeod and Slaughter 1980 [synonym]
†Ptychodus mortoni Mantell 1836
†Ptychodus occidentalis Leidy 1868
†Ptychodus papillosus Cope 1875
†Ptychodus parvulus Whiteaves 1889
†Ptychodus paucisulcatus Dixon 1850
†Ptychodus pauli Coquand 1859
†Ptychodus polygyrus Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus rhombodus Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
†Ptychodus rugosus Dixon 1850
†Ptychodus schlottheimii Agassiz 1834
†Ptychodus spectabilis Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus whipplei Marcou 1858
Invalid names: Buffonites Sternberg 1829 [nomen oblitum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Cenomanian to the top of the Danian or 99.60000 to 61.60000 Ma
Collections (92 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Cretaceous | India | P. mahakalensis (91555) | |
Albian - Cenomanian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | P. sp. (135815) | |
Cenomanian | Ukraine | P. marginalis, P. anonymus (231906) P. sp., P. polygyrus, P. decurrens, P. mammillaris, P. marginalis, P. altior, P. anonymus (231904) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | Japan (Hokkaido) | P. mammilaris, P. latissimus (161435) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | France | P. sp. (187578) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | Japan (Amakusa) | P. mammillaris (161437) | |
Senonian - Maastrichtian | Jordan | P. sp. (36256) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Italy (Treviso) | P. decurrens (214716) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lithuania | P. decurrens, P. mammillaris (213713 213719 213720) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (South Dakota) | P. occidentalis (117819) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Italy (Vicenza) | P. decurrens (214715) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Colorado) | P. anonymus (132505) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | P. anonymus, P. occidentalis (213414) P. decurrens, P. anonymus, P. occidentalis (213416 213417 213419) P. decurrens, P. occidentalis (213418) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Sweden | P. mammillaris (70427) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Italy | P. decurrens (214600) | |
Middle Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | P. decurrens, P. anonymus, P. occidentalis (94538) | |
Middle Cenomanian | USA (Colorado) | P. decurrens, P. anonymus, P. occidentalis (35429) P. occidentalis, P. rhombodus (213403) | |
Middle Cenomanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | P. sp., P. decurrens, P. anonymus (22731) P. sp., P. decurrens, P. anonymus, P. occidentalis (52997) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian | Kazakhstan | P. sp. (210282) | |
Turonian | USA (Montana) | P. whipplei (215793) | |
Turonian | USA (Kansas) | P. whipplei (102879) | |
Turonian | USA (Colorado) | P. whipplei (179209) | |
Turonian | USA (South Dakota) | P. janewayii, P. whipplei, P. anonymus (181902) | |
Turonian | USA (Texas) | P. decurrens (213306) P. latissimus (213301) P. mammillaris, P. whipplei, P. rugosus (213300) P. mortoni (213305) | |
Turonian | Japan (Hokkaido) | P. latissimus (210756) | |
Turonian - Coniacian | Japan (Hokkaido) | P. mammilaris (210757) | |
Turonian - Coniacian | USA (New Mexico) | P. mortoni, P. mammillaris (221290) | |
Turonian - Santonian | Japan (Hokkaido) | P. latissimus (210744) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | USA (Kansas) | P. occidentalis (213410) P. whipplei (213385 213386) P. wipplei (213384) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | Canada (Alberta) | P. anonymus (136242 213294) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | United Kingdom (England) | P. decurrens (4071 4072) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | USA (Iowa) | P. whipplei (213400) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | USA (Nebraska) | P. whipplei, P. anonymus, P. occidentalis (213402) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | Brazil (Sergipe) | P. decurrens (143101) | |
Early/Lower Turonian | Czech Republic | P. mammilaris (90516 90518) | |
Late/Upper Turonian | USA (South Dakota) | P. whipplei (213291) | |
Late/Upper Turonian | USA (Texas) | P. decurrens, P. whipplei (213304) P. mortoni (213299) | |
Late/Upper Turonian | Ukraine | P. latissimus (231905) | |
Middle Turonian | Poland | P. polygyrus, P. mammillaris (157553) | |
Middle Turonian | France (Ardennes) | P. mammillaris, P. rugosus (213564) | |
Middle Turonian | USA (Nebraska) | P. whipplei, P. anonymus (213389) | |
Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | P. mammillaris, P. whipplei (213390) P. mortoni, P. whipplei (213387) P. whipplei (35365) P. whipplei, P. anonymus (213524) | |
Middle Turonian | USA (Montana) | P. sp. nov., P. sp., P. whipplei (215792) | |
Middle Turonian | USA (New Mexico) | P. polygyrus, P. whipplei, P. anonymus (179267) | |
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Poland (Opole) | P. mammillaris (231881) | |
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian | Mexico (Coahuila) | P. mortoni (92293) | |
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Kansas) | P. mammillaris (213411) | |
Coniacian | France (Charente) | P. rugosus (161749) | |
Coniacian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | P. rugosus (23369) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Kansas) | P. mortoni (213405 213549) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Texas) | Batoidea indet. (207458) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Mississippi) | P. mortoni (164393) | |
Santonian | USA (Kansas) | P. mortoni (94652) | |
Santonian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | P. rugosus (232890) | |
Santonian | Japan | P. mammillaris (219956) P. sp., P. mammillaris (219963) | |
Early/Lower Santonian | Japan | P. mammillaris (219958) | |
Early/Lower Santonian | Lithuania | P. rugosus (213718) | |
Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian | USA (Georgia) | P. mortoni (61769) | |
Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian | USA (New Mexico) | P. sp., P. mortoni (52037) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | Israel | P. sp. (214861) | |
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | P. polygyrus (81931) | |
Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | P. whippleyi (36714) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | P. mortoni (171351) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Texas) | P. connellyi (213544) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Lithuania | P. latissimus (213715) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Germany | P. sp. (64127) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Alabama) | P. mortoni (4203) | |
Danian | USA (Illinois) | P. sp. (70129) |