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Perleidiformes

Actinopteri - Perleidiformes

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1937Perleidiformes Berg
1977Polzbergiiformes Griffith p. 10
1999Perleidiformes Cartanyà p. 542
2001Perleidiformes Herzog p. 495
2002Perleidiformes Bürgin and Herzog p. 462
2002Perleidiformes Delsate et al. p. 28
2002Perleidiformes Sepkoski
2006Perleidiformes Tong et al. p. 147
2011Perleidiformes Long p. 242
2015Perleidiformes Arratia p. 42
2016Perleidiformes Nelson et al. p. 116
2022Perleidiformes Yuan et al. p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
orderPerleidiformesBerg 1937
orderPerleidiformesBerg 1937

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Perleidiformes Berg 1937
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G. †Anatoia
G. †Boreichthys Selezneva 1982
G. †Caminchaia López-Arbarello et al. 2010
G. †Cenechoia López-Arbarello et al. 2010
G. †Chrotichthys Wade 1940
Fm. †Cleithrolepidae Wade 1935
+
G. †Cleithrolepidina Berg 1940
+
†Cleithrolepidina minor Broom 1913
G. †Cleithrolepis Egerton 1864
+
†Cleithrolepis altus Woodward 1890
†Cleithrolepis extoni Woodward 1888
†Cleithrolepis granulatus Egerton 1864
G. †Hydropessum Broom 1913
+
Fm. †Colobodontidae Stensiö 1916
+
G. †Chaohuperleidus Sun et al. 2013
+
†Chaohuperleidus primus Sun et al. 2013
G. †Colobodus Agassiz 1843
+
†Colobodus baii Sun et al. 2008
†Colobodus bassani de Alessandri 1910
†Colobodus bassanii de Alessandri 1910
†Colobodus bronni Münster 1841
†Colobodus chorzowiensis von Meyer 1847
†Colobodus damesi Waagen 1895
†Colobodus frequens Dames 1888
†Colobodus giganteus Beltan 1972
†Colobodus gogolinensis Kunisch 1885
†Colobodus hogardi Agassiz 1843
†Colobodus koenigi Stolley 1919
†Colobodus latus Agassiz 1833
+
Invalid names: Dapedius altivelis Agassiz 1832 [synonym], Lepidotus ragazzoni de Zigno 1891 [synonym]
†Colobodus maximus Dames 1888
†Colobodus milium Henry 1876
†Colobodus triasicus Bassani 1886
†Colobodus varius Giebel 1848
†Colobodus wushaensis Li et al. 2019
Invalid names: Asterodon Münster 1841 [synonym]
G. †Feroxichthys Xu 2020
+
†Feroxichthys panzhouensis Ma et al. 2021
G. †Procheirichthys Wade 1935
G. †Crenolepis Carus 1888
G. †Daninia Lombardo 2001
+
†Daninia spinosa Lombardo 2001
G. †Dollopterus Abel 1906
+
†Dollopterus brunsvicensis Stolley 1919
†Dollopterus subserratus Stolley 1919
†Dollopterus volitans Compter 1891
Invalid names: Dolichopterus Compter 1891 [replaced]
G. †Echentaia López-Arbarello et al. 2010
Fm. †Fuyuanperleididae Sun et al. 2012
+
G. †Fuyuanperleidus Geng et al. 2012
+
†Fuyuanperleidus dengi Geng et al. 2012
Fm. †Gabanellidae Tintori and Lombardo 1996
+
G. †Gabanellia Tintori and Lombardo 1996
+
†Gabanellia agilis Tintori and Lombardo 1996
Fm. †Habroichthyidae Gardiner 1967
+
G. †Habroichthys Brough 1939
+
†Habroichthys broughi Lin et al. 2011
†Habroichthys dolomiticus Tintori et al. 2016
†Habroichthys gregarius Griffith 1977
†Habroichthys griffithi Bürgin 1992
†Habroichthys minimus Brough 1939
G. †Manlietta Wade 1935
G. †Mendocinichthys Whitley 1953
+
†Mendocinichthys brevis Bordas 1944
G. †Pasambaya López-Arbarello et al. 2010
Fm. †Perleididae Brough 1931
+
G. †Aetheodontus Brough 1939
+
†Aetheodontus besanensis Brough 1939
G. †Alvinia Sytchevskaya 1999
+
†Alvinia serrata Sytchevskaya 1999
G. †Diandongperleidus Geng et al. 2012
+
†Diandongperleidus denticulatus Geng et al. 2012
G. †Dipteronotus Egerton 1854
+
†Dipteronotus cyphus Egerton 1854
†Dipteronotus gibbosus Martin 1980
†Dipteronotus olgiatii Tintori 1990
†Dipteronotus ornatus Bürgin 1992
G. †Endennia Lombardo and Brambillasca 2005
+
†Endennia licia Lombardo and Brambillasca 2005
G. †Eoperleidus Sytchevskaya 1999
+
†Eoperleidus bergi Sytchevskaya and Yakovlev 1999
G. †Luopingperleidus Geng et al. 2012
+
†Luopingperleidus sui Geng et al. 2012
G. †Megaperleidus Sytchevskaya 1999
+
†Megaperleidus lissolepis Sytchevskaya 1999
G. †Meidiichthys Brough 1931
+
†Meidiichthys browni Brough 1931
G. †Mendocinia Bordas 1944
G. †Meridensia Andersson 1916
+
†Meridensia meridensis de Alessandri 1910
+
Invalid names: Meridensia gibba Brough 1939 [synonym]
G. †Paraperleidus Zhao and Lu 2007
+
†Paraperleidus changxingensis Zhao and Lu 2007
G. †Perleidus de Alessandri 1910
+
†Perleidus altolepis Deecke 1889
+
Invalid names: Lepidotus serratus Bellotti 1857 [replaced], Pholidophorus oblongus Bellotti 1857 [replaced]
†Perleidus sinensis Lombardo et al. 2011
Invalid names: Dimorpholepis Teixeira 1947 [synonym]
G. †Plesioperleidus Su and Li 1983
+
†Plesioperleidus dayeensis Su and Li 1983
+
Invalid names: Zhangina cylindrica Liu 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Zhangina Liu 2002 [synonym]
G. †Teffichthys Marramà et al. 2017
+
†Teffichthys elegans Yuan et al. 2022
†Teffichthys lehmani Schaeffer 1990
†Teffichthys lutoensis Teixeira 1947
+
Invalid names: Perleidus piveteaui Lehman 1952 [synonym]
†Teffichthys stoschiensis Stensiö 1932
†Teffichthys woodwardi Stensiö 1921
+
Invalid names: Colobodus altilepis Woodward 1912 [replaced]
Fm. †Platysiagidae Brough 1939
+
G. †Helmolepis Stensiö 1932
+
†Helmolepis cyphognathus Neuman and Mutter 2005
†Helmolepis gracilis Stensiö 1932
†Helmolepis manis Mutter 2005
Fm. †Polzbergiidae Griffith 1977
+
G. †Felberia Lombardo and Tintori 2004
+
†Felberia carnica Lombardo and Tintori 2004
†Felberia excelsa Lombardo and Tintori 2004
+
†Polzbergia brochatus Griffith 1977
G. †Stoppania Lombardo et al. 2008
+
†Stoppania gaetanii Lombardo et al. 2008
†Stoppania ornata Bürgin 1992
G. †Tripelta Wade 1940
G. †Zeuchthiscus Wade 1940
Invalid names: Cephaloxenidae [empty], Cleiothrolepididae Wade 1935 [empty], Polzbergiiformes Griffith 1977 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2004-08-17 14:52:40
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:42
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Spathian to the top of the Late/Upper Triassic or 251.30000 to 201.40000 Ma

Collections (170 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Induan252.17 - 251.2Australia (Tasmania) Cleithrolepis sp. (117149 136590)
Early/Lower Triassic252.17 - 247.2Angola Perleidus lehmani (131052) Perleidus lutoensis (131079 131080 131081 131082 131083)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5China (Zhejiang) Paraperleidus changxingensis (146383) Perleididae indet. (119473)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5Greenland Helmolepis gracilis (130539 130540 130541 130543) Perleidus stoschiensis (112751) Perleidus stoschiensis, Helmolepis gracilis (120896)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Eoperleidus bergi (103638)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2China (Hubei) Plesioperleidus dayeensis (123521)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2China (Jiangsu) Perleidus eurylepidotrichia, Zhangina cylindrica, Perleidus piveteaui (117942) Zhangina jiangsuensis (118109)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2China (Anhui) Plesioperleidus dayeensis, Plesioperleidus yangtzensis, Plesioperleidus jiangsuensis (117945)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Svalbard and Jan Mayen Colobodus altilepis (120367) Perleidus woodwardi (120228 120229 120230 120304 120366)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Canada (British Columbia) Helmolepis cyphognathus (105083 119093 119094) Perleidus sp., Helmolepis cyphognathus (90301)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Romania Polzbergiidae indet. (161080)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2China (Anhui) Chaohuperleidus primus (155584)
Spathian - Bithynian251.3 - 242.0Australia (New South Wales) Cleithrolepis altus, Cleithrolepis granulatus (131926)
Olenekian251.2 - 247.2China (Anhui) Perleidus yangtzensis (123523)
Olenekian251.2 - 247.2China (Gansu) Perleidus sp. (105775)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2Madagascar Helmolepis manis (130542) Perleidus madagascariensis (153374 153378) Perleidus sp. (153683) Perleidus sp., Perleidus piveteaui, Perleidus madagascariensis (153373)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2China (Guizhou) Polzbergiiformes indet., Teffichthys elegans (225582) Teffichthys elegans (225583)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2Pakistan Colobodus damesi (143620)
Dienerian - Smithian250.5 - 247.2Madagascar Perleidus madagascariensis (185360)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Spain (Catalonia) Colobodus varians (148730)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0United Kingdom (England) Dipteronotus cyphus (88992) Dipteronotus sp. (97695)
Bithynian247.2 - 242.0USA (Nevada) Colobodus sp. (93564)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Niedersachsen) Colobodus sp., Colobodus maximus (139348)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Colobodus maximus, Colobodus koenigi (105185)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Germany Colobodus maximus (139865) Dollopterus sp. (139869)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Switzerland Aetheodontus besanensis, Meridensia meridensis (122060) Colobodus bassanii, Meridensia meridensis (117994) Colobodus bassanii, Pholidophorus meridensis, Colobodus triasicus (153402) Dipteronotus ornatus (122068) Habroichthys minimus (122067 122069) Habroichthys sp., Habroichthys minimus, Aetheodontus besanensis, Habroichthys griffithi, Meridensia meridensis (122058) Meridensia meridensis (98104 122059 122062 122151)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Italy Colobodus bassanii, Pholidophorus meridensis (153403) Colobodus triasicus (117943) Habroichthys minimus, Aetheodontus besanensis, Meridensia meridensis, Meridensia gibba (122150) Lepidotus triasicus, Colobodus varius, Pholidophorus bronni (149323) Meridensia meridensis (122061)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) Colobodus baii (100297) Feroxichthys panzhouensis (88049)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China Perleidus sinensis, Fuyuanperleidus dengi, Habroichthys broughi (117939)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Italy Dipteronotus sp., Habroichthys dolomiticus (154334)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Feroxichthys yunnanensis (156671) Luopingperleidus sui, Diandongperleidus denticulatus (146382)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Slovenia Habroichthys sp. (166628)
Pelsonian - Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Australia (New South Wales) Cleithrolepis sp. (111729)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) Colobodus sp. (31771) Colobodus sp., Colobodus maximus (31768)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Germany Colobodus frequens, Colobodus varius (131730 131731)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0Egypt (Shamal Sina) Perleididae indet. (75279)
Illyrian - Fassanian247.2 - 235.0Switzerland Habroichthys sp., Habroichthys minimus, Aetheodontus besanensis, Dipteronotus ornatus, Habroichthys griffithi, Meridensia meridensis (122057)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Germany Colobodus varius (131812)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Svalbard and Jan Mayen Perleidus woodwardi (120224)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Spain Cleithrolepis sp., Colobodus sp., Meidiichthys sp. (149852) Perleidus altolepis (148734 148738) Perleidus altolepis, Colobodus bassani (148735 148739) Perleidus sp., Perleidus giganteus (149853)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Spain (Catalonia) Colobodus sp. (148731)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Hungary Colobodus sp. (99503)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Saudi Arabia Colobodus sp. (149547)
Fassanian242.0 - 235.0Germany Dollopterus brunsvicensis (139866 139867) Dollopterus subserratus (139868)
Fassanian242.0 - 235.0Switzerland Dipteronotus sp., Habroichthys minimus (153375) Habroichthys sp., Habroichthys minimus (153377)
Fassanian242.0 - 235.0Italy Stoppania gaetanii (119868)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Turkey Perleidus sp. (120903)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Italy Colobodus sp., Lepidotus serratus, Pholidophorus oblongus (153401) Heterolepidotus serratus (153100) Perleidus altolepis, Dipteronotus olgiatii, Daninia spinosa (116568) Pholidophorus oblongus (153408)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Italy (Lecco) Heterolepidotus serratus (118265) Semionotus altolepis, Habroichthys minimus, Heterolepidotus serratus, Pholidophorus oblongus (120901)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Switzerland Felberia excelsa (148423) Perleidus altolepis, Ophiopsis lepturus (122020) Perleidus sp. (122064)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Dipteronotus sp. (101875)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Spain (Tarragona) Cleithrolepis sp., Colobodus sp., Meidiichthys sp., Perleidus giganteus (109710)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0China (Yunnan) Fuyuanperleidus dengi (129640)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0China (Guizhou) Colobodus wushaensis (207543)
Ladinian - Carnian242.0 - 228.0Spain (Catalonia) Colobodus sp. (148733)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0South Africa (Free State) Cleithrolepis extoni, Cleithrolepis minor (131927)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Germany Colobodus sp. (47406) Colobodus sp., Colobodus maximus (47407)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0USA (Texas) Colobodontidae indet. (84271)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Kyrgyzstan (Ösh) Megaperleidus lissolepis, Alvinia serrata (200781)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) Perleidus sp., Procheirichthys sp., Dipteronotus gibbosus (94786)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy Colobodus sp. (154454) Felberia carnica (148424)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4South Africa (Free State) Cleithrolepis extoni, Hydropessum kannemeyeri, Cleithrolepis minor, Meidiichthys browni (220878)
Carnian - Rhaetian237.0 - 201.3Morocco (Marrakech) Perleidiformes indet. (34677)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy Asterodon bronnii (137429) Colobodus bronni (144939) Felberia carnica (148425)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Austria Polzbergia brochatus, Habroichthys gregarius (118111)
Tuvalian232.0 - 221.5Austria Colobodus sp. (149438)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (New Mexico) Colobodontidae indet. (48516 83737 83739 84272) Perleidiformes indet. (83738)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Italy Lepidotus ragazzoni (153107)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Arizona) Colobodontidae indet. (39219 48421 48423 48547 84264 92850) Perleididae indet. (84017)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Texas) Colobodontidae indet. (48424)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Argentina (Mendoza) Mendocinia brevis (117884)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3Belgium Colobodus sp. (131520)
Norian - Early/Lower Jurassic228.0 - 174.7Madagascar (Toliara) Colobodontidae indet. (96323 96326)
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0Austria (Tirol) Semionotus latus (130601 130602)
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0Luxembourg (Diekirch) Colobodus sp., Dipteronotus sp., Perleidus sp., Perleidus stoschiensis (56047)
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0Italy Colobodus latus (153108) Gabanellia agilis (122456) Gabanellia agilis, Endennia licia (122457 122458 122459) Semionotus latus (131996)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Champagne-Ardennes) Colobodus maximus (139922)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) Colobodus hogardi (31772) Colobodus sp., Dollopterus sp. (31773)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Colobodus sp. (22684)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Belgium (Gaume) Colobodus sp. (139199 139202)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Poland Colobodus sp. (124679)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3United Kingdom (England) Colobodus sp. (120898 122362 122365)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Franche-Comté) Colobodus milium (149398 149411 149412)