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Flexibilia

Crinoidea

Taxonomy
Flexibilia was named by Zittel (1895). It was considered monophyletic by Wright et al. (2017).

It was reranked as the order Flexibilia by Clark and Twitchell (1915); it was reranked as the infraclass Flexibilia by Webster and Webster (2012); it was reranked as the superorder Flexibilia by Wright et al. (2017), Mao et al. (2018) and Wright et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Dicyclica by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Crinoidea by Ausich (1998), Webster et al. (1999), Webster et al. (2009) and Ausich and Copper (2010); to Cladida by Webster and Webster (2012) and Wright et al. (2017); and to Cladida by Mao et al. (2018) and Wright et al. (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1895Flexibilia Zittel
1915Flexibilia Clark and Twitchell p. 39
1998Flexibilia Ausich p. 17
1999Flexibilia Webster et al. p. 475
2009Flexibilia Webster et al. p. 248
2010Flexibilia Ausich and Copper p. 54
2012Flexibilia Webster and Webster
2017Flexibilia Wright et al.
2018Flexibilia Mao et al. p. 1076
2019Flexibilia Wright et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
RankNameAuthor
subphylumBlastozoa
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
superorderFlexibilia(Zittel 1895)
superorderFlexibilia(Zittel 1895)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. †Flexibilia Zittel 1895
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Fm. †Cupulocrinidae Moore and Laudon 1943
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G. †Cupulocrinus d'Orbigny 1849
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Cupulocrinus humilis Billings 1857
Cupulocrinus latibrachiatus Billings 1857
G. †Morenacrinus Ausich et al. 2002
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Morenacrinus silvani Ausich et al. 2002
G. †Quinquecaudex Brower and Veinus 1982
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Quienquecaudex springeri Kolata 1975
Fm. †Edriocrinidae Miller 1889
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G. †Edriocrinus Hall 1858
G. †Icthyocrinus Conrad 1842
Or. †Sagenocrinida Springer 1913
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Fm. †Homalocrinidae Angelin 1878
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G. †Tintinnabulicrinus Wright and Toom 2017
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Tintinnabulicrinus estoniensis Wright and Toom 2017
Superfm. †Icthyocrinacea Angelin 1878
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Fm. †Anisocrinidae Eckert and Brett 2001
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Anisocrinus interradiatus Angelin 1878
Anisocrinus prinstaensis Ausich and Copper 2010
Superfm. †Icthyocrinoidea Wachsmuth and Springer 1886
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Fm. †Icthyocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1886
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G. †Cleistocrinus Springer 1920
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Clidochirus pyrum Angelin 1878
Clidochirus vaurealensis Ausich and Copper 2010
Superfm. †Lecanocrinacea Webster 2006
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Fm. †Gaulocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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Fm. †Lecanocrinidae Springer 1913
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Fm. †Nipterocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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Hormocrinus quebecensis Ausich and Copper 2010
Hormocrinus tennesseensis Worthen 1890
Fm. †Palaeoholopodidae Wanner 1916
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Superfm. †Lecanocrinoidea Webster 2006
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Fm. †Calycocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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Ammonicrinus kerdreoletensis Menn and Jaouen 2003
Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer 1926
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Calycocrinus crassus Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus curvatus Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus furnishi Moore and Strimple 1973
Calycocrinus granulatus Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus kupangensis Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus major Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus malaianus Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus patella Wanner 1924
Calycocrinus piriformis Wanner 1924
Calycocrinus poculus Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus spinosus Wanner 1916
Calycocrinus symmetricus Moore and Strimple 1973
G. †Plagiocrinus Wanner 1924
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Plagiocrinus jaekeli Wanner 1924
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G. †Cibolocrinus Weller 1909
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Cibolocrinus bellus Moore and Strimple 1973
Cibolocrinus circulus Moore and Strimple 1973
Cibolocrinus jonkeri Wanner 1924
Cibolocrinus patriciae Burke 1975
Cibolocrinus spinosus Moore and Strimple 1973
Cibolocrinus tumidus Moore and Plummer 1938
Cibolocrinus typus Weller 1909
G. †Loxocrinus Wanner 1916
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Loxocrinus booni Marez Oyens 1940
Loxocrinus dilatatus Wanner 1916
Loxocrinus globulus Wanner 1916
G. †Petrocrinus Wanner 1924
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Petrocrinus beyrichi Wanner 1924
Petrocrinus kukaensis Wanner 1916
G. †Strobocrinus Lane 1979
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G. †Syntomocrinus Wanner 1916
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Syntomocrinus sundaicus Wanner 1916
G. †Trinalicrinus Lane 1979
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Fm. †Prophyllocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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G. †Ancistrocrinus Wanner 1924
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G. †Proapsidocrinus Wanner 1924
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Proapsidocrinus permicus Wanner 1924
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Prophyllocrinus dentatus Wanner 1916
Superfm. †Sagenocrinitoidea Bassler 1938
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Fm. †Sagenocrinitidae Bassler 1938
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Forbesiocrinus siculus de Gregorio 1930
G. †Meristocrinus Springer 1909
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Meristocrinus orbignyi M'Coy 1850
G. †Trampidocrinus Lane and Webster 1966
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Trampidocrinus bellicus Lane and Webster 1966
Trampidocrinus phiala Lane and Webster 1966
Superfm. †Sagenocrinoidea Bassler 1938
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Fm. †Dactylocrinidae Bather 1899
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G. †Nevadacrinus Lane and Webster 1966
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Nevadacrinus geniculatus Lane and Webster 1966
G. †Rumphiocrinus Wanner 1924
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Rumphiocrinus singularis Wanner 1924
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Wachsmuthicrinus corrugatus Webster and Lane 1987
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Zenocrinus zeus Moore and Strimple 1973
Fm. †Euryocrinidae Moore and Strimple 1973
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G. †Ainacrinus Wright 1941
G. †Ancoracrinus Webster and Lane 1987
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Ancoracrinus typus Webster and Lane 1987
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Artichthyocrinus koenigi Webster 2012
Artichthyocrinus limani Mao et al. 2018
G. †Paramphicrinus Strimple and Moore 1971
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Paramphicrinus magnus Moore and Strimple 1973
Paramphicrinus oklahomaensis Strimple and Moore 1971
Or. †Taxocrinida Springer 1913
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G. †Haereticotaxocrinus Franzen 1981
Fm. †Paerticrinidae Wright and Toom 2017
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G. †Paerticrinus Wright and Toom 2017
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Paerticrinus arvosus Wright and Toom 2017
G. †Praeorocrinus Gluchowski 1980
Superfm. †Taxocrinacea Angelin 1878
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Fm. †Synerocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Enascocrinus Strimple and Watkins 1969
G. †Euonychocrinus Strimple 1940
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Euonychocrinus simplex Strimple and Moore 1971
Euonychocrinus websteri Waters et al. 2003
G. †Onychocrinus Lyon and Cassidy 1860
G. †Synerocrinus Jaekel 1897
Fm. †Taxocrinidae Angelin 1878
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G. †Eutaxocrinus Springer 1906
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Eutaxocrinus chinaensis Lane et al. 1997
Eutaxocrinus gracilis Meek and Worthen 1865
Eutaxocrinus maccoyanus Salter 1873
Eutaxocrinus whiteavesi Springer 1906
G. †Gnorimocrinus Wachsmuth and Springer 1879
G. †Ladacrinus Ausich and Copper 2010
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Ladacrinus asynaptos Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Parichthyocrinus Springer 1902
G. †Protaxocrinus Springer 1906
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Protaxocrinus elegans Billings 1857
Protaxocrinus laevis Billings 1857
Protaxocrinus paraios Ausich and Copper 2010
Protaxocrinus sideros Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Taxocrinus Phillips 1843
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Taxocrinus anomalus Waters et al. 2003
Taxocrinus macrodactylus Phillips 1841
Taxocrinus ovalis Angelin 1878
Taxocrinus stultus Whidborne 1896
Invalid names: Pinnata [empty], Taxocrinoidea Springer 1913 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available