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Chelydridae
Taxonomy
Chelydridae was named by Swainson (1839) [incorrectly credited by someone (Carrano?) to L. Agassiz 1857]. It is extant. Its type is Chelydra.
It was synonymized subjectively with Emydidae by Cope (1871); it was reranked as the unranked clade Chelydridae by Joyce (2016).
It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902) and Hay (1908); to Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911) and Perrier (1928); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelydroidea by Baur (1893) and Mlynarski (1981); to Testudinoidea by Kuhn (1966), Gaffney (1975) and Carroll (1988); to Cryptodira by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993); to Testudines by Shoshani et al. (1989) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Cryptodira by Lydekker (1889), Holroyd and Hutchison (2002) and Hutchison and Holroyd (2003); to Testudines by Böhme (2008); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Chelydroidea by Knauss et al. (2011); to Eucryptodira by Peng et al. (2001), Hutchison et al. (2013) and Brinkman (2013); to Panchelydridae by Joyce (2016); and to Cryptodira by Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Gadow (1898), Stefano (1903), Lambe (1908), Kuhn (1946), Joyce et al. (2004), van Dijk et al. (2014), Rhodin et al. (2017) and Cadena et al. (2017).
It was synonymized subjectively with Emydidae by Cope (1871); it was reranked as the unranked clade Chelydridae by Joyce (2016).
It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902) and Hay (1908); to Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911) and Perrier (1928); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelydroidea by Baur (1893) and Mlynarski (1981); to Testudinoidea by Kuhn (1966), Gaffney (1975) and Carroll (1988); to Cryptodira by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993); to Testudines by Shoshani et al. (1989) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Cryptodira by Lydekker (1889), Holroyd and Hutchison (2002) and Hutchison and Holroyd (2003); to Testudines by Böhme (2008); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Chelydroidea by Knauss et al. (2011); to Eucryptodira by Peng et al. (2001), Hutchison et al. (2013) and Brinkman (2013); to Panchelydridae by Joyce (2016); and to Cryptodira by Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Gadow (1898), Stefano (1903), Lambe (1908), Kuhn (1946), Joyce et al. (2004), van Dijk et al. (2014), Rhodin et al. (2017) and Cadena et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Broilia, Broilia robusta, Chelydra (syn. Emysaurus, Rapara, Devisia, Saurochelys, Chelonura, Ophichelone) (type genus), Chelydra argillarum, Chelydra strausi (syn. Chelydropsis nopcsai), Chelydrinae, Chelydrops, Chelydropsinae, Chelydropsis (syn. Macrocephalochelys), Chelydropsis minax (syn. Chelydrasia poena), Emys sansaniensis, Emysaurus meilheuratiae, Hydraspis oeningensis, Leptochelys, Leptochelys braneti, Macrochelys (syn. Gypochelys), Planiplastron, Protochelydrinae, Testudo grandis
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1835 | Hydraspis oeningensis Fitzinger |
1836 | Hydraspis oeningensis Fitzinger |
1839 | Chelydridae Swainson |
1846 | Emysaurus meilheuratiae Pomel |
1851 | Emys sansaniensis Lartet figs. plate 9, fig. 2 |
1875 | Chelydridae Cope p. 16 |
1889 | Chelydridae Lydekker p. 133 |
1890 | Chelydridae Zittel p. 532 |
1893 | Chelydridae Baur p. 673 |
1898 | Chelydridae Gadow p. 20 |
1900 | Chelydra argillarum Laube |
1902 | Chelydridae Hay p. 444 |
1902 | Ocadia sansaniensis de Stefano p. 269 |
1903 | Chelydridae Stefano p. 74 |
1908 | Chelydridae Hay p. 221 |
1908 | Chelydridae Lambe |
1911 | Chelydridae Jaekel p. 186 |
1928 | Chelydridae Perrier p. 3112 |
1930 | Chelydridae Hay p. 84 |
1934 | Chelydropsis nopcsai Szalai |
1935 | Emys aquitanensis Bergounioux fig. 36 |
1946 | Chelydridae Kuhn p. 58 |
1951 | Emys sansaniensis Lartet |
1959 | Testudo grandis Macarovici and Vancea |
1965 | Broilia Bergounioux and Crouzel |
1965 | Broilia robusta Bergounioux and Crouzel |
1965 | Leptochelys Bergounioux and Crouzel |
1965 | Leptochelys braneti Bergounioux and Crouzel |
1966 | Chelydridae Kuhn p. 25 |
1966 | Chelydra strausi Schmidt |
1971 | Chelydropsis minax Ckhikvadze |
1971 | Chelydropsis poena Ckhikvadze |
1975 | Chelydridae Gaffney p. 429 |
1981 | Chelydridae Mlynarski |
1988 | Broilia Carroll |
1988 | Chelydridae Carroll |
1989 | Chelydridae Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
1993 | Chelydridae de Broin and de la Fuente p. 11 |
1996 | Chelydridae Frank and Ramus |
2000 | Ptychogaster sansaniensis de Lapparent de Broin |
2001 | Chelydridae Peng et al. p. 23 |
2002 | Chelydridae Holroyd and Hutchison p. 181 |
2003 | Chelydridae Hutchison and Holroyd |
2004 | Chelydridae Joyce et al. |
2008 | Chelydridae Böhme p. 168 |
2008 | Chelydridae Danilov and Parham |
2008 | Chelydrasia minax Hutchison |
2008 | Chelydrasia poena Hutchison |
2008 | Chelydropsis nopcsai Hutchison |
2011 | Chelydridae Knauss et al. |
2013 | Chelydridae Brinkman |
2013 | Chelydridae Hutchison et al. |
2014 | Chelydridae van Dijk et al. |
2016 | Chelydridae Joyce |
2017 | Chelydridae Cadena et al. |
2017 | Chelydridae Rhodin et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Chelydridae Swainson 1839
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G. Chelydra Schweigger 1812 [Snapping turtle]
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Chelydra acutirostris Peters 1862 [South American snapping turtle]
Chelydra rossignonii Bocourt 1868 [Central American snapping turtle]
Chelydra serpentina Linnaeus 1758 [Common snapping turtle]
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Invalid names: Chelydra emarginata Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Chelydra lacertina Schweigger 1812 [synonym], Chelydra laticarinata Hay 1916 [synonym], Chelydra osceola Stejneger 1918 [synonym], Chelydra sculpta Hay 1916 [synonym], Devisia mythodes Ogilby 1905 [synonym], Macrochelys floridana Hay 1907 [synonym], Testudo longicauda Shaw in Gray 1831 [synonym], Testudo serpentaria Wiedemann 1802 [synonym], Testudo serrata Pennant in Gray 1830 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cheliurus Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Chelonura Fleming 1822 [synonym], Devisia Ogilby 1905 [synonym], Emysaurus Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Ophichelone Jarocki 1822 [synonym], Rapara Gray 1825 [synonym], Saurochelys Latreille 1825 [synonym]
G. †Chelydrops Peters 1868
G. †Chelydropsis Peters 1868
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†Chelydropsis apellanizi Murelaga et al. 1999
†Chelydropsis aubasi Joyce et al. 2022
†Chelydropsis kusnetzovi Chkhikvadze 1985
†Chelydropsis manuascensis Bergounioux 1936
†Chelydropsis murchisoni Bell 1836
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Invalid names: Chelydra allingensis Fuchs 1939 [synonym], Chelydropsis carinata Peters 1868 [synonym], Chelydropsis murchisoni staeschei Mlynarski 1980 [synonym], Chelydropsis staeschei Mlynarski 1980 [synonym], Trionyx sansaniensis Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
†Chelydropsis pontica Pidoplichko and Tarashchuk 1960
†Chelydropsis sansaniensis Bergounioux 1935
Invalid names: Macrocephalochelys Pidoplichko and Tarashchuk 1960 [synonym]
G. Macrochelys Gray 1856 [alligator snapping turtle]
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†Macrochelys auffenbergi Dobie 1968 [Auffenberg's snapping turtle]
†Macrochelys schmidti Zangerl 1945
†Macrochelys stricta Matthew 1924
Macrochelys suwanniensis Thomas et al. 2014 [Suwannee alligator snapping turtle]
Macrochelys temminckii Troost 1835 [Alligator snapping turtle]
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Invalid names: Gypochelys lacertina Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Macrochelys apalachicolae Thomas et al. 2014 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gypochelys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Planiplastron Ckhikvadze 1971
Invalid names: Broilia Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Broilia robusta Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Chelydra argillarum Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Chelydra strausi Schmidt 1966 [nomen dubium], Chelydrinae Lydekker 1889 [empty], Chelydropsis minax Ckhikvadze 1971 [nomen dubium], Emys sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [nomen dubium], Emysaurus meilheuratiae Pomel 1846 [nomen dubium], Hydraspis oeningensis Fitzinger 1835 [nomen nudum], Leptochelys Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Leptochelys braneti Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Protochelydrinae Gaffney 1975 [empty], Testudo grandis Macarovici and Vancea 1959 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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O. P. Hay 1908 | Plastron loosely joined to the carapace; consisting of nine elements and considerably reduced. The entoplastron T-shaped; the bridge narrow. Nuchal bone with long costiform processes. A full series of neurals. Skull with temporal region incompletely rooft over; the postfrontal bones large. Quadrate notcht for passage of the stapedial rod. Crushing-surfaces without ridges and processes. Caudal vertebrae mostly opisthoccelous. | |
E. Perrier 1928 | Queue plus longue que la moitié de la carapace, pourvue d'une crête dorsale; tête large, incomplètement rétractile dans la carapace; menton présentant de petits appendices cutanés. Carapace longtemps incomplète, des fontanelles persistant jusqu'à un âge avancé entre les plaques costales et les marginales; une ou deux plaques pygales antérieures; sur la carapace, des plaques cornées régulières typiques; plastron petit et cruciforme (en forme de cerf-volant), articulé par gomphose avec la carapace; plaques pectorales séparées des marginales par des inframarginales;
doigts distincts et palmés; 4 ou 5 ongles; bassin indépendant de la carapace; symphyses pubienne et ischiatique largement séparées. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Ernst and Barbour 1989, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Holocene or 105.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 99.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 99.6 Ma
Collections (242 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Late/Upper Albian | USA (Montana) | Chelydridae indet. (137590) | |
Campanian | USA (Montana) | Chelydridae indet. (22689) | |
Judithian | USA (Montana) | Chelydridae indet. (14453) | |
Judithian | USA (Wyoming) | Chelydridae indet. (14458) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Utah) | Chelydridae indet. (187656 187658 187672 187700 187709 187710 187714 187715) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Chelydridae indet. (22695 22696 22697 22698 22699 34302 34305 34307 34309 34310 34311 34320 34321 34322 45238 45260 45261 45262 45264 45671 45822 45892 45893 45897 45898 45899 47784 47793 47814 47816 98674 98677 227125) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Coahuila) | Chelydridae indet. (24261) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Baja California) | Chelydridae indet. (197023) | |
Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Chelydridae indet. (45240 45560 45561 45564 45565 45566 45567 47794 47795 181024) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Chelydridae indet. (45819 45821 45894 167986) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Chelydridae indet. (14494 229975) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Chelydridae indet. (45135) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Chelydridae indet. (47626 85498 85499) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Chelydridae indet. (69621 135739) | |
Lancian | USA (North Dakota) | Chelydridae indet. (14610 137706 137707 137710 137711 137713 137715 137724 137731) | |
Lancian | USA (Montana) | Chelydridae indet. (14508 14513 14533 14536 14582 14615 14653) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Chelydridae indet. (14566) Chelydridae indet., C. sp. (14505 14570) C. sp. (14519 14538 14564 14565 14579) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Chelydridae indet. (45390) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Chelydridae indet. (137798) Chelydridae indet., C. sp. (14585) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Chelydridae indet. (14555) |