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Kinosternidae

Reptilia - Testudines - Kinosternoidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1892Kinosternidae Hay
1930Kinosternidae Hay p. 93
1966Kinosternidae Kuhn p. 25
1975Kinosternidae Gaffney p. 428
1996Kinosternidae Frank and Ramus
2014Kinosternidae van Dijk et al.
2016Kinosternidae Joyce and Bourque

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
superfamilyTrionychoideaFitzinger 1826
familyKinosternoidea()
familyKinosternidae()
familyKinosternidae()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Kinosternidae Hay 1892
show all | hide all
G. †Baltemys Hutchison 1991
+
†Baltemys staurogastros Hutchison 1991
+
Invalid names: Baltemys velogastros Lichtig and Lucas 2015 [synonym]
Unr. Kinosterninae Baur 1893
+
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
+
†Sternotherus bonevalleyensis Bourque and Schubert 2015
Sternotherus carinatus Gray 1856 [Razor-backed musk turtle]
Sternotherus depressus Tinkle and Webb 1955 [Flattened musk turtle]
Sternotherus minor Agassiz 1857 [Loggerhead musk turtle]
Sternotherus odoratus Latreille 1801 [Common musk turtle]
†Sternotherus palaeodorus Bourque and Schubert 2015
G. Kinosternon von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
+
Kinosternon abaxillare Baur 1925 [Central Chiapas mud turtle]
Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831 [Tabasco mud turtle]
Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980 [Alamos mud turtle]
Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965 [Narrow-bridged mud turtle]
†Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore 1922 [Arizona mud turtle]
Kinosternon baurii Garman 1891 [Striped mud turtle]
Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry et al. 1996 [Jalisco mud turtle]
Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934 [Creaser's mud turtle]
Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947 [Dunn's mud turtle]
Kinosternon durangoense Iverson 1979 [Durango mud turtle]
Kinosternon flavescens Agassiz 1857 [Yellow mud turtle]
Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925 [Herrera's mud turtle]
Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1830 [Rough-footed mud turtle]
Kinosternon integrum Le Conte 1854 [Mexican mud turtle]
Kinosternon leucostomum Dumeril 1851 [White-lipped mud turtle]
†Kinosternon notolophus Bourque 2015
Kinosternon oaxacae van Dijk et al. 2014 [Oaxaca mud turtle]
†Kinosternon pannekollops Bourque 2015
†Kinosternon pojoaque Bourque 2012
†Kinosternon rincon Bourque 2015
Kinosternon scorpioides Linneaus 1766 [Scorpion mud turtle]
Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte 1864 [Sonora mud turtle]
Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre 1788 [Eastern mud turtle]
Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis Gray 1856 [Mississippi mud turtle]
†Kinosternon wakeeniense Bourque 2015
Invalid names: Platythyra Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Leiochelys Brinkman et al. 2023
+
†Leiochelys tokaryki Brinkman et al. 2023
Subfm. Staurotypinae Gray 1869
+
G. Claudius Cope 1865 [narrow-bridged musk turtle]
+
Claudius angustatus Cope 1865 [narrow-bridged musk turtle]
G. Staurotypus Wagler 1830 [Mexican musk turtle]
+
†Staurotypus moschus Cadena et al. 2012
Staurotypus salvini Gray 1864 [Chiapas giant musk turtle]
Staurotypus triporcatus Wiegmann 1828 [Mexican giant musk turtle]
G. †Xenochelys Hay 1906
+
†Xenochelys bridgerensis Hutchison 1991
†Xenochelys floridensis Bourque 2013
†Xenochelys formosa Hay 1906
†Xenochelys lostcabinensis Hutchison 1991
G. †Yelmochelys Brinkman et al. 2016
+
†Yelmochelys rosarioae Brinkman et al. 2016
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatersuperf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: aquaticsuperf
Diet: durophagesuperf
Diet 2: piscivoresuperf
Reproduction: oviparoussuperf
Created: 2005-08-26 14:33:16
Modified: 2005-08-26 16:33:16
Source: superf = superfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Uetz 2005, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma

Collections (117 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Utah) Kinosternidae indet. (187656 187682 187684 187687 187689 187693 187694)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mexico (Coahuila) Hoplochelys sp. (24257) Yelmochelys rosarioae (35360 179649 179650 179651)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mexico (Chihuahua) Yelmochelys rosarioae (210630)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Leiochelys tokaryki (225845)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Xenochelys lostcabinensis (168282)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Baltemys sp. (15559 59898) Baltemys staurogastros (15509 15538 15552 15553 15576 15897 168284 168285 168286 168287 168288 168289 168290 168291 168292 168293 168294 168295 168296) Xenochelys lostcabinensis (168283 168297 168298 168299 168300 168301 168302 168303)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (New Mexico) Baltemys sp. (197329)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3Canada (Northwest Territories) Kinosterninae indet. (15583)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Colorado) Baltemys velogastros (16241)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Xenochelys bridgerensis (16418 168275 168276 168277 168278 168279 168280 168281) Xenochelys lostcabinensis (16397)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Texas) Xenochelys sp. (16542)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (South Dakota) Xenochelys formosa (16938 17012)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Xenochelys formosa (17045)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Florida) Xenochelys floridensis (17476)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Delaware) Kinosternon sp. (18579)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97Panama Staurotypus moschus (89444)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp. (176936)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Kinosternon pojoaque (190947) Kinosternon rincon (19519) Kinosternon skullridgescens (190948)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Sternotherus odoratus (18450)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Kinosternon pannekollops (18355)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Sternotherus odoratus (188779)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp. (18554)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Maryland) Kinosternidae indet. (219172)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Kansas) Kinosternon wakeeniense (18451)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Kinosternidae indet. (18601) Sternotherus bonevalleyensis (190949)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Kinosternon flavescens (18359)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Sternotherus bonevalleyensis (18599)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Kinosternidae indet. (18539)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan10.3 - 1.8USA (Tennessee) Sternotherus sp., Sternotherus palaeodorus (26574)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (New Mexico) Kinosternon flavescens (19982) Kinosternon sp. (230461)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Nebraska) Kinosternon flavescens (19960 19963)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8Mexico (Hidalgo) Kinosternon sp. (18753 20079)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Kansas) Kinosternon flavescens (19928) Kinosternon subrubrum, Kinosternon flavescens (19922)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8Mexico (Michoacan) Kinosternon sp. (20072)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp. (19764) Sternotherus sp. (113275)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Arizona) Kinosternon arizonense (19628)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8El Salvador Kinosternon sp. (70118)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Puebla) Kinosternon sp., Kinosternon flavescens (85161)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Ecuador (Santa Elena) Kinosternon sp. (185514)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Santiago chazumba) Kinosternon integrum (190089)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp., Sternotherus sp. (206227 227368)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Kinosternon sp. (65405)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0Mexico (Santiago Chazumba) Kinosternon integrum (190088)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) Kinosternon flavescens (20337)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp. (20400 20402)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Kansas) Sternotherus odoratus (20390 20422)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp., Sternotherus sp. (20440)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Puebla) Kinosternon sp. (226916 230717)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Puebla) Kinosternon sp. (226915)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Kinosternon subrubrum (154805)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Sternotherus sp. (93259)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Kinosternon sp., Sternotherus sp. (20604 20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Colombia (Cundinamarca) Kinosternon sp. (190375)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Tennessee) Kinosternon sp. (63429)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Georgia) Kinosternon subrubrum (152113)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Sternotherus odoratus (224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Kinosternon sp., Sternotherus sp. (227371)