Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Elapidae

Reptilia - Elapidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1827Elapidae Boié
1871Elapidae Cope p. 238
1875Elapidae Cope p. 22
1890Elapidae Zittel p. 631
1916Protropidonotus Schlosser p. 34
1916Protropidonotus neglectus Schlosser p. 34 figs. 2 pl. I
1928Elapinae Perrier p. 3107
1946Elapinae Kuhn p. 62
1966Elapidae Kuhn p. 67
1988Elapidae Carroll
1988Protropidonotus Carroll
1996Elapidae Frank and Ramus
2016Elapidae Ikeda et al. p. 149

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
suborderOphidia(Latreille 1804)
—Serpentes(Linnaeus 1758)
infraorderAlethinophidia
superfamilyColubroidea
familyElapidae
familyElapidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Elapidae Boié 1827
show all | hide all
G. Austrelaps Worrell 1963
+
Austrelaps superbus Günther 1858 [copperhead snake]
G. Calliophis Gray 1834
G. Chitulia Gray 1849
+
Invalid names: Aturia Gray 1842 [replaced]
G. Disteira Lacepede 1804
G. Disteiramecdup Lacepede 1804
G. Elaps Schneider
Subfm. Hydrophiinae Boié 1827 [sea snake]
+
G. Acalyptophis Boulenger 1896
+
Acalyptophis peronii Duméril 1853
G. Aipysurus Lacepède 1804
+
Aipysurus duboisii Bavay 1869
Aipysurus fuscus Tschudi 1837
Aipysurus laevis Lacepède 1804
Aipysurus tenuis Lønnberg and Andersson 1913
G. Astrotia Fischer 1856
+
G. Emydocephalus Krefft 1869
+
G. Enhydrina Gray 1849
+
Enhydrina schistosa Daudin 1803
Enhydrina zweifeli Kharin 1985
G. Ephalophis Smith 1931
+
Ephalophis greyi Smith 1931
G. Hydrelaps Boulenger 1896
+
Hydrelaps darwiniensis Boulenger 1896
G. Hydrophis Latreille 1801
+
Hydrophis atriceps Günther 1864
Hydrophis brookii Günther 1872
Hydrophis fasciatus Schneider 1799
Hydrophis kingii Boulenger 1896
Hydrophis klossi Boulenger 1912
Hydrophis laboutei Rasmussen and Ineich 2000
Hydrophis lamberti Smith 1917
Hydrophis major Shaw 1802
Hydrophis melanosoma Günther 1864
Hydrophis pacificus Boulenger 1869
Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881
Hydrophis torquatus Günther 1864
Hydrophis vorisi Kharin 1984
G. †Incongruelaps Scanlon et al. 2003
+
†Incongruelaps iteratus Scanlon et al. 2003
G. Kerilia Gray 1849
+
Kerilia jerdoni Gray 1849
G. Kolpophis Smith 1926
+
Kolpophis annandalei Laidlaw 1901
G. Lapemis Gray 1835
+
Lapemis curtus Shaw 1802
G. Laticauda Laurenti 1768
+
Laticauda colubrinus Schneider 1799
Laticauda crockeri Slevin 1934
Laticauda laticauda Linnaeus 1758
Laticauda semifasciatus Reinwardt 1837
G. Parahydrophis Burger and Natsuno 1974
+
G. Pelamis Plumier 1801
+
Pelamis platurus Linnaeus 1766
G. Thalassophina Smith 1926
+
G. Thalassophis Schmidt 1852
+
Thalassophis anomalus Schmidt 1852
G. Leioselasma Lacepède 1804
+
Leioselasma coggeri Kharin 1984
G. Micrurus Wagler 1824 [coral snake]
+
†Micrurus gallicus Rage and Holman 1984
G. Naja Laurenti 1768 [cobra]
+
†Naja antiqua Rage 1976
†Naja austriaca Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1985
†Naja iberica Szyndlar 1985
Naja naja Linneaus 1758 [Indian cobra]
†Naja romani Hoffstetter 1939
Invalid names: Palaeonaja Hoffstetter 1939 [synonym], Palaeonaja Hoffstetter 1939 [synonym]
G. Notechis Peters 1861
G. Polyodontognathus Wall 1921
G. Pseudechis Wagler 1830
+
Pseudechis porphyriacus Shaw 1794 [Australian black snake]
G. Sinomicrurus Slowinski et al. 2001
+
Sinomicrurus japonicus Günther 1868
G. Xenodermus Reinhardt 1836
Invalid names: Laticaudinae [empty], Najinae Cope 1864 [empty], Protropidonotus Schlosser 1916 [nomen dubium], Protropidonotus neglectus Schlosser 1916 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. Perrier 1928Serpents terrestres, à queue cylindrique. Tête plus large que le cou. Formant la principale partie de la faune ophidienne de l'Australie, où ils sont nombreux comme espèces et comme individus; en outre, on les retrouve dans les régions indiquées ci-dessus.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoref
Created: 2005-09-05 19:48:08
Modified: 2005-09-05 21:48:08
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Behler and King 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.6 Ma

Collections (83 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Elapidae indet. (38947)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania (Mbeya) E. morphotype B (167427)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania E. morphotype A (99405)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Elapidae indet. (135772)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Australia (Queensland) Elapidae indet. (136804)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Spain (Castile-La Mancha) Naja sp., Palaeonaja sp. (136269)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Saudi Arabia Elapidae indet. (47095)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Czech Republic (Ústí nad Labem) Elapidae indet. (48173)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Germany (Hesse) Naja romani (228327)
Orleanian - Middle Miocene20.0 - 11.608France (Rhône-Alpes) E. A, E. B, Naja sp. 1, Naja romani, Micrurus gallicus (26723)
MN 416.9 - 15.97France (Midi-Pyrenees) Elapidae indet., Micrurus gallicus (136919)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Germany (Bavaria) Elapidae indet., Naja romani, Micrurus gallicus (28629)
MN 4 - MN 616.9 - 12.75Germany (Bavaria) Protropidonotus neglectus (60284)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Micrurus sp. (18275)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Germany (Bavaria) Elapidae indet., Micrurus gallicus (134954) Elapidae indet., Naja sp. (34615)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany Naja sp. (46955)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany (Bavaria) Elapidae indet., Naja sp. (60213)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Austria Naja romani (51002)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Australia (Queensland) Hydrophiinae indet. (137790)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62France (Midi-Pyrenees) Micrurus gallicus (32191)
Astaracian15.97 - 11.608Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) Naja antiqua (48630)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (Queensland) Hydrophiinae indet. (151091 154247 154248 154249) Incongruelaps iteratus (154245)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Naja sp. (21855)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Spain (Catalonia) Naja sp. (199600 199601 199604)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1France (Rhône-Alpes) Elapidae indet. 1, Elapidae indet. 2, Naja romani, Micrurus gallicus (79360) Micrurus gallicus (136201) Naja sp. 1, Micrurus sp., Naja romani (136199)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Austria Naja sp. (175587)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Florida) E. sp. (18541)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Australia (Queensland) Hydropheinae sp. (68775)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Ukraine (Khmel'nitsk'yi) Naja romani (48446)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Greece Naja romani (191070)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Afghanistan (Kabul) Elapidae indet., Xenodermus sp. (214146)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Turkey (Kütahya) Naja sp. (228011)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Morocco Naja antiqua (149240)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) Naja sp., Naja romani (75481)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Hungary (Heves) Elapidae indet. (168187 168189)
MN 118.7 - 7.75Austria (Burgenland) Naja austriaca (37789)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Spain Naja iberica (28625)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Greece (Central Macedonia) Naja sp. (32189)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Spain (Murcia) Palaeonaja depereti (40752)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Moldova Naja romani (230516)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Russian Federation (Krasnodar Krai) Naja romani (199746)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Australia (Queensland) Elapidae indet. (182159)
Ruscinian5.333 - 3.2Spain (Soria) Naja sp. (40548)
Ruscinian5.333 - 3.2Turkey (Ankara) Palaeonaja sp. (34370)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) Naja robusta (32050)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588France Naja sp. (49096)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588India (Jammu Kashmir) Elapidae indet. (48330)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania Naja robusta (21810)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Middle Pleistocene3.6 - 0.129Venezuela (Monagas) Elapidae indet. (227296)
Villanyian3.2 - 2.588Greece Naja sp. (34589)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Elapidae indet. (22595) Naja sp. (22596)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Japan (Ryukyu Islands) Sinomicrurus japonicus (210495)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Elapidae indet. (135983 136076) Notechis scutatus (136073) Notechis scutatus, Pseudechis porphyriacus (136430)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) Micrurus fulvius (20337)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Puy-de-Dome) Naja sauvagei (195235)
Middle Pleistocene (glacial)0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Micrurus fulvius (75974)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Australia (South Australia) Notechis scutatus, Pseudechis porphyriacus (28364)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Australia (Queensland) Elapidae indet. (183080)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Elapidae indet. (136075)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Micrurus fulvius (20491)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Philippines Elapidae indet. (194833 194834) Elapidae indet., Naja naja (194835)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Austrelaps superbus (136072)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Micrurus fulvius (20638)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Micrurus fulvius (20650 79667)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Australia (South Australia) Notechis scutatus, Pseudechis porphyriacus (136172)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Elapidae indet. (21862)