PBDB Taxon

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Hyainailourinae

Mammalia - Creodonta

Taxonomy

Hyainailourinae was named by Pilgrim (1932). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Peigné et al. (2007).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyaenodontinae by Van Valen (1967); it was reranked as the unranked clade Hyainailourinae by Borths and Stevens (2017) and Solé and Mennecart (2019).

It was assigned to Hyaenodontidae by Peigné et al. (2007), Morlo et al. (2007) and Solé et al. (2014); to Hyainailouroidea by Borths and Stevens (2019); and to Hyainailouridae by Solé et al. (2015), Borths et al. (2016), Borths and Stevens (2017) and Solé and Mennecart (2019).

Subtaxa

Akhnatenavus, Dissopsalini, Hemipsalodon, Hyainailourini, Hyainailouros, Isohyaenodon, Kerberos, Leakitherium, Megistotherium, Metapterodon, Metapterodontini, Mlanyama, Orienspterodon, Parapterodon, Paroxyaenini, Parvavorodon, Pterodon, Simbakubwa

Synonyms

Pterodontinae was named by Polly (1996). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Apterodontinae by Lange-Badré and Böhme (2005); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyainailourinae by Peigné et al. (2007) and Morlo et al. (2007).

It was assigned to Hyaenodontidae by Polly (1996) and Lavrov (2007).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1932	Hyainailourinae Pilgrim
1996	Pterodontinae Polly
2007	Pterodontinae Lavrov
2007	Hyainailourinae Morlo et al. p. 146
2007	Hyainailourinae Peigné et al. p. 453
2014	Hyainailourinae Solé et al.
2015	Hyainailourinae Solé et al.
2016	Hyainailourinae Borths et al.
2017	Hyainailourinae Borths and Stevens
2019	Hyainailourinae Borths and Stevens
2019	Hyainailourinae Solé and Mennecart

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
order	Creodonta	()
order	Hyaenodonta	()
superfamily	Hyainailouroidea
—	Hyainailouridae	Solé et al. 2015
—	Hyainailourinae	(Pilgrim 1932)
—	Hyainailourinae	(Pilgrim 1932)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Hyainailourinae Pilgrim 1932

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G. †Akhnatenavus Holroyd 1999

†Akhnatenavus leptognathus Osborn 1909

†Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon Borths et al. 2016

G. †Hemipsalodon Cope 1885

†Hemipsalodon grandis Cope 1885

Invalid names: Hemipsalodon cooki Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym]

†Hemipsalodon viejaensis Gustafson 1986

Tr. †Hyainailourini Ginsburg 1980

G. †Exiguodon Morales and Pickford 2017

G. †Falcatodon Morales and Pickford 2017

G. †Sectisodon Morales and Pickford 2017

†Sectisodon occultus Morales and Pickford 2017

G. †Sivapterodon

G. †Hyainailouros Stehlin 1907

†Hyaenailurus sulzeri Biedermann 1863

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis Pilgrim 1912

†Hyainailouros fourtaui von Koenigswald 1947

†Hyainailouros napakensis Ginsburg 1980

†Hyainailouros nyanzae Savage 1965

†Hyainailouros sulzeri Biedermann 1863

G. †Isohyaenodon Savage 1965

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi Savage 1956

†Isohyaenodon pilgrimi Savage 1965

†Isohyaenodon zadoki Savage 1965

Invalid names: Isohyaenodon matthewi Savage 1956 [synonym]

G. †Kerberos Solé et al. 2015

†Kerberos langebadreae Solé et al. 2015

G. †Leakitherium Savage 1965

†Leakitherium hiwegi Savage 1965

G. †Megistotherium Savage 1973

†Megistotherium osteothlastes Savage 1973

G. †Metapterodon Stromer 1923

†Metapterodon brachycephalus Osborn 1909

†Metapterodon kaiseri Stromer 1926

†Metapterodon markgrafi Holroyd 1999

†Metapterodon schlosseri Holroyd 1999

†Metapterodon stromeri Morales et al. 1998

G. †Mlanyama Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009

†Mlanyama sugu Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009

G. †Orienspterodon Egi et al. 2007

†Orienspterodon dahkoensis Chow 1975

G. †Parapterodon Lange-Badre 1979

Tr. †Paroxyaenini Lavrov 2007

G. †Paroxyaena Martin 1906

†Paroxyaena galliae Filhol 1881

†Paroxyaena pavlovi Lavrov 2007

G. †Parvavorodon Solé et al. 2014

†Parvavorodon gheerbranti Solé et al. 2014

G. †Pterodon Blainville 1839

†Pterodon africanus Andrews 1903

†Pterodon dasyuroides Blainville 1839

†Pterodon hyaenoides Matthew and Granger 1925

†Pterodon leptognathus Osborn 1909

†Pterodon magnus Rütimeyer 1891

†Pterodon nyanzae Savage 1965

†Pterodon phiomensis Osborn 1909

†Pterodon syrtos Holroyd 1999

G. †Simbakubwa Borths and Stevens 2019

†Simbakubwa kutokaafrika Borths and Stevens 2019

Invalid names: Dissopsalini Morales and Pickford 2017 [empty], Metapterodontini Morales and Pickford 2017 [empty], Pterodontinae Polly 1996 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialsubc

Diet:

insectivoresubc

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-09-06 20:43:42

Modified:

2005-09-06 22:44:32

Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Serravallian or 47.80000 to 11.62000 Ma

Collections (59 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	Algeria (Bechar region)	Parvavorodon gheerbranti (77019)
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	Tunisia	Parvavorodon gheerbranti (87795)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Namibia (Sperrgebiet)	Pterodon sp. (149173)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Yunnan)	Pterodon dahkoensis (179573)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Henan)	Orienspterodon dahkoensis (42165) Pterodon dahkoensis (180849)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Nei Mongol)	Pterodon hyaenoides (174962)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	USA (Oregon)	Hemipsalodon grandis (16842)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	France (Rhone-Alpes Region)	Pterodon sp. (31741)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	France	Kerberos langebadreae (183349)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Myanmar	Orienspterodon dahkoensis (41108)
Bartonian - Priabonian	41.3 - 33.9	Algeria	Hyainailourinae indet. (59733)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Texas)	Hemipsalodon viejaensis (16827 16835)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (New Mexico)	Hemipsalodon grandis (16867)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region)	Pterodon dasyuroides (31747)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region)	Pterodon sp. (31760)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	Hemipsalodon cooki (17045) Hemipsalodon sp. (16960)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Hemipsalodon grandis (16919 101961)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	Pterodon dasyuroides (41652)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Switzerland (Canton berna)	Paroxyaena galliae (182807)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées)	Paroxyaena pavlovi (183665)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Egypt (Fayum)	Metapterodon brachycephalus (174031) Metapterodon schlosseri, Pterodon africanus, Pterodon leptognathus, Pterodon phiomensis (175420) Metapterodon schlosseri, Pterodontinae new genus and species C (12950) Pterodon africanus (65960) Pterodon sp. (12968) Pterodon syrtos, Pterodontinae sp. A. (12960) Pterodontinae new genus and species D, Akhnatenavus leptognathus (60127) Pterodontinae sp. A (12954) Pterodontinae sp. C (191412)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	United Kingdom (England)	Pterodon dasyuroides (184763)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Kenya (Turkana)	Hyainailouros sp. (174662)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Ethiopia	Hyainailouros sp. (71941)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Kenya (Rift Valley)	Mlanyama sugu (174664)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Kenya	Creodonta indet. (70808) Simbakubwa kutokaafrika (220704)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Namibia (Karas)	Isohyaenodon sp. (168036) Isohyaenodon sp., Metapterodon kaiseri (146601)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Libya	Megistotherium osteothlastes (13065)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Germany	Hyainailouros sulzeri (70361)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Namibia	Metapterodon stromeri (70807)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Kenya	Pterodon africanus, Metapterodon kaiseri, Metapterodon zadoki, Pterodon nyanzae, Leakitherium hiwegi (21725)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Uganda	Leakitherium sp., Metapterodon stromeri, Isohyaenodon pilgrimi, Pterodon africanus, Isohyaenodon zadoki (28441)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Hyainailouros sulzeri (49102)
Burdigalian - Serravallian	20.44 - 11.62	Pakistan (Baluchistan)	Hyainailouros sulzeri (180629)
Burdigalian - Tortonian	20.44 - 7.246	France	Hyainailouros sulzeri (187580)
MN 4	16.9 - 15.97	Egypt	Megistotherium osteothlastes, Hyainailouros fortaui (53970)
MN 4	16.9 - 15.97	Pakistan (Balochistan)	Hyainailouros bugtiensis (69540)
MN 4	16.9 - 15.97	France (Centre)	Hyainailouros sulzeri (69116)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Pakistan (Sind)	Hyainailouros sulzeri (71443 71444)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Kenya	Pterodon nyanzae (21724)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Namibia	Hyainailourus sulzeri (21855)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	Kenya (Central Nyanza)	Megistotherium osteothlastes (21340)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	Pakistan (Sind)	Hyainailouros sulzeri (71451) Pterodon sp. (71449)