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Pleuronectiformes (flatfish)
Taxonomy
Pleuronectiformes is an order. It is extant.
It was assigned to Osteichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001) and Sepkoski (2002); to Acanthopterygii by Nelson (2006); to Carangimorphariae by Betancur et al. (2013); to Percomorpha by Friedman (2008), Long (2011) and Bannikov (2014); to Ovalentaria by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Teleostei by Fierstine et al. (2012) and Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
It was assigned to Osteichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001) and Sepkoski (2002); to Acanthopterygii by Nelson (2006); to Carangimorphariae by Betancur et al. (2013); to Percomorpha by Friedman (2008), Long (2011) and Bannikov (2014); to Ovalentaria by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Teleostei by Fierstine et al. (2012) and Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2001 | Pleuronectiformes Purdy et al. p. 184 |
| 2002 | Pleuronectiformes Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Pleuronectiformes Nelson |
| 2008 | Pleuronectiformes Friedman |
| 2011 | Pleuronectiformes Long p. 244 |
| 2012 | Pleuronectiformes Fierstine et al. p. 156 |
| 2013 | Pleuronectiformes Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Pleuronectiformes Bannikov p. 30 |
| 2016 | Pleuronectiformes Nelson et al. p. 395 |
| 2018 | Pleuronectiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 197 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Pleuronectiformes [flatfish]
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G. †Achiurus
G. †Chibapsetta Sakamoto and Uyeno 1988
G. Clidoderma Bleeker 1862
G. †Eobuglossus Chabanaud 1931
G. Eopsetta Jordan and Goss 1887
G. †Imhoffius Chabanaud 1940
G. Isopsetta Jordan and Gilbert 1882
G. †Joleaudichthys Chabanaud 1937
G. Limanda Gottsche 1835
G. Monochirus Rafinesque 1814
G. Pegusa Guenther 1862
Subor. Pleuronectoidei
+
Fm. Achiridae
+
Fm. Bothidae
+
G. Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862
+
†Arnoglossus extremus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus grenfelli Schwarzhans 1999
†Arnoglossus kokeni Basoli and Schubert 1906
†Arnoglossus laterna Walbaum 1792
†Arnoglossus lautus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus longus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus miocenicus Weiler 1962
†Arnoglossus novus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus purus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus sauvagei d'Erasmo 1930
G. †Bothidarum Nolf
+
†Bothidarum biaculeatus Nolf and Lapierre 1979
†Bothidarum dorsolobatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Bothidarum incertus Priem 1911
G. Bothus Rafinesque 1810
+
Bothus decipiens Casier 1966
†Bothus nativus Schwarzhans 2007
†Bothus parvulus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1883
G. Peltorhamphus Günther 1862
+
†Peltorhamphus flexuodorsalis Schwarzhans 1999
†Peltorhamphus fordycei Schwarzhans 1980
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Günther 1862
Peltorhamphus tenuis James 1972
G. Taeniopsetta Gilbert 1905
Fm. Citharidae
+
G. †Eucitharus Gill 1889
+
†Eucitharus belgicus Gaemers 1972
†Eucitharus circularis Casier 1966
†Eucitharus miocenicus Weiler 1942
Fm. Cynoglossidae Jordan 1963
+
Fm. Paralichthyidae
+
G. Citharichthys Bleeker 1862
+
†Citharichthys oranensis Arambourg 1927
Citharichthys sordidus Girard 1854
Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert 1882
†Citharichthys varians Casier 1966
Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert 1890
G. Paralichthys Girard 1858
+
Subg. †Paralichthys (Vorator) Jordan 1925
†Paralichthys antiquus Jordan 1924
Paralichthys californicus Ayres 1859
†Paralichthys yamanai Sakamoto and Uyeno 1993
Fm. Pleuronectidae
+
G. †Evesthes Gilbert 1910
+
†Evesthes hooveri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Evesthes jordani Gilbert 1910
G. †Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835
+
Subg. †Hippoglossoides (Isomma) Jordan 1927
†Hippoglossoides pristinus Jordan 1927
G. †Pleuronectidarum Koken
+
†Pleuronectidarum acuminatus Koken 1891
†Pleuronectidarum irregularis Weiler 1959
†Pleuronectidarum orbicularis Frost 1934
†Pleuronectidarum pentagonalis Steurbaut 1984
†Pleuronectidarum splendens Schubert 1906
G. Pleuronichthys Girard 1856
+
Subg. †Pleuronichthys (Zororhombus) Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Pleuronichthys veliger Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Solea Gouan 1770
+
†Solea approximata Koken 1891
†Solea balonggensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea eocenica Woodward 1910
†Solea glabber Koken 1888
†Solea lenticularis Koken 1891
†Solea prisca Ciobanu 1977
†Solea proocellata Arambourg 1927
†Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858
†Solea songgoensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea sulci Steurbaut 1984
Invalid names: Pleuronectinae [empty]
Fm. Rhombosoleidae
+
Fm. Scophthalmidae
+
G. †Phrynorhombus Gunther 1862
G. Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810
+
Scophthalmus rhombus Linnaeus 1758
†Scophthalmus stamatini Pacua 1931
Fm. Soleidae
+
G. Aseraggodes Kaup 1858
+
†Aseraggodes hudsoni Schwarzhans 2019
†Aseraggodes laganum Girone and Nolf 2009
G. Buglossidium Chabanaud 1930
+
†Buglossidium frequens Steurbaut 1984
Buglossidium luteum Risso 1810
G. †Eosolea Frizzell and Dante 1965
+
†Eosolea aquitanica Priem 1906
†Eosolea bartonensis Frost 1934
†Eosolea claibornensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Eosolea formosa Prochazka 1900
†Eosolea subglabra Schubert 1906
†Eosolea texana Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. Microchirus Bonaparte 1833
+
†Microchirus abropteryx Sauvage 1870
Microchirus ocellatus Linnaeus 1758
Microchirus variegatus Donovan 1808
Invalid names: Achiropsettidae [empty], Poecilopsettidae [empty], Soleoidae [empty]
G. †Turahbuglossus Chabanaud 1937
Invalid names: Paralichthodidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available