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Holmia
Taxonomy
Holmia was named by Matthew (1890) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm Atda-u Sepkoski's reference number: 476,885]. Its type is Paradoxides kjerulfi.
It was reranked as Olenellus (Holmia) by Walcott (1891).
It was assigned to Olenellus by Walcott (1891); to Mesonacidae by Walcott (1910); to Holmiinae by Nikolaisen (1986), Palmer and Repina (1993) and Lieberman (1999); to Olenellida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Holmiidae by Whittington et al. (1997) and Ebbestad et al. (2003).
It was reranked as Olenellus (Holmia) by Walcott (1891).
It was assigned to Olenellus by Walcott (1891); to Mesonacidae by Walcott (1910); to Holmiinae by Nikolaisen (1986), Palmer and Repina (1993) and Lieberman (1999); to Olenellida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Holmiidae by Whittington et al. (1997) and Ebbestad et al. (2003).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1890 | Holmia Matthew |
| 1891 | Olenellus (Holmia) Walcott pp. 638-640 |
| 1910 | Holmia Walcott p. 286 |
| 1986 | Holmia Nikolaisen |
| 1993 | Holmia Palmer and Repina p. 25 fig. 6.1 |
| 1997 | Holmia Whittington et al. p. 414 |
| 1999 | Holmia Lieberman p. 73 |
| 1999 | Baltobergstroemia Lieberman p. 76 |
| 2002 | Holmia Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Holmia Ebbestad et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Holmia Matthew 1890
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†Holmia glabra Orlowski 1974
†Holmia grandis Kiaer 1917
†Holmia inusitata Ahlberg and Bergström in Ahlberg 1986
†Holmia kjerulfi Linnarsson 1871
†Holmia lapponica Ahlberg and Bergström 1983
†Holmia marginata Orlowski 1974
†Holmia palpebra Ahlberg 1984
†Holmia zimmermanni Schwarzbach 1939
†Holmia zimmermanni Schwarzbach 1939
Invalid names: Baltobergstroemia Lieberman 1999 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. R. Palmer and L. N. Repina 1993 | Holmiinae with intergenal spine generally well developed at or slightly proximal to midlength of posterior cephalic margin. Glabella expanded anteriorly. Posterior tips of ocular lobes opposite or posterior to Li. Thorax narrow, with 16 or 17 segments; pleural spines thornlike; each segment with axial spines. Pygidium small, subquadrate; posterior margin nearly straight transversely. | |
| B. S. Lieberman 1999 | Anterior cephalic border not prominently separated from extraocular area by furrow; frontal lobe of glabella contacts anterior border furrow; anterolateral parts of glabella not prominently separated from extraocular area by furrow; prominent parafrontal band not visible in dorsal view; anterior margins of frontal lobe at each side of midline deflected posteriorly at roughly 40 degree angle relative to transverse line; length (sag.) of frontal lobe equal to 1.5 times length of L0 and L1 medially; L4 expands dorsally; lateral margins of L4 distal to lateral margins of L0; abrupt dorsal notch-like truncation of ocular lobes at margin of L4 absent; ocular lobe smoothly merges into extraocular area; oc- ular lobe with prominent furrow; transverse profile of ocular lobes convex dorsally; sur- face of interocular area developed as flattened shelf; anterodistal margins of L3 formed by ocular lobes; distal margins of L3 convex outward; S3 conjoined medially, jaggedly convex; medial and distal tips of S3 as far forward; lateral margins of glabella at L2 when proceed- ing anteriorly diverging; L1 to L3 strongly transversely convex; line between ends of S2 transverse; S0 not conjoined medially; distal sector of S0 convex anteriorly; posterior mar- gin of ocular lobe opposite distal tip of S0; L0 with axial node posterior of midline; lateral lobes present on L0; extraocular region prominently vaulted; genal spine near genal spine angle directed posterolaterally at roughly 10 to 20 degree angle relative to sagittal line; genal spine extends back four to five thoracic segments; genal spine angle opposite medial part of distal margin of L0; intergenal angle posterior of lateral margins of ocular lobes; posterior margin of thoracic pleural furrow on T3 directed evenly posterolaterally; lateral margins of prothoracic pleural spines inclined at roughly 45 degree angle relative to sagit- tal line; posterior margins of first four thoracic segments near spine bases flex slightly an- teriorly before flexing posteriorly; boundary between thoracic pleural furrow and anterior band gradational; length (exsag.) of thoracic pleural furrows at medial part of thoracic segment 1 to 1.3 times length of pleural furrows on distal part of segment; length (exsag.) of thoracic pleural furrows at medial part of segment equal to length (exsag.) of posterior band; spine on 15th thoracic segment short, length (sag.) of two thoracic segments; opisthothorax with prominent pleurae which continue orientation of prothoracic seg- ments; pygidium with length (sag.) equal to width (tr.); posterior margin of pygidium weakly convex. | |
| B. S. Lieberman 1999 (Baltobergstroemia) | Anterior cephalic border not prominently separated from extraocular area by furrow; frontal lobe contacts anterior border furrow, not expanding prominently dorsally; distal margins of L4 deflected as far or farther laterally than distal margins of L0; length (sag.) of frontal lobe 1.5 times length of L0 and L1; anterodistal margins of L3 formed by ocular lobes; lateral margins of L3 convex outward; S3 and S2 with medial and distal tips as far forward; lateral margins of glabella opposite L2 diverging when proceeding anteriorly; S1, S2 and S3 conjoined medially; posterior margin of ocular lobe opposite medial part of distal margin of L0; lateral lobes on L0 present; L0 with node or spine posterior of midline of L0; intergenal angle directly behind distal tip of ocular lobe; intergenal angle forms 0 to 15 degree angle with transverse line; intergenal angle with small spine; extraocular region gently sloping from eye to lateral border furrow; genal spine angle opposite medial part of distal margin of L0. |